强调句与倒装句
强调句与倒装句
一、强调句型
强调是为了用来加强句子的语气,突出说话的重点,区别不同的意思等。英语书面中表示强调的手段主要有词汇、语法和修辞三种。含有这些强
调手段的句子统称为强调句。
1. 词汇手段
以下两类词汇可以帮助句子通过词汇手段实现强调目的。
(1) 通过only, even,alone ,just, ever,very,too, at all,on earch,
in the world ,rather,,entirely,completely, if ever ,if any .等单词或词组对其所修饰的内容进行强调。
Do you know it at all ?你究竟知道不知道?
Where on earth did you put the key ?你到底把钥匙放哪去了?
He entirely forgot the matter !他把这件事完全给忘了。
(2) 通过强调词however/whatever/whenever/wherever/whoever/whichever, no matter how/what/where/when/who/which等实现强调目的。
However hard he tried ,he couldn’t lift the box .
无论这么用力,他都无法举起这个箱子。
Whoever you are ,you should obey the rule .无论你是谁,都应遵守规则。 Take whichever of these paintings like best 这些画中你最喜欢的无论拿哪一个都行。
2. 语法手段
通过语法手段实现强调目的的句型主要有以下几种:
(1) It is /was+被强调部分+that/who从句
这是强调句型的常见结构。被强调的部分通常为主语、宾语、和状语。被强调部分如果是人,其后的从句可以有who 引导也可以由that 引导,如果被强调部分是事物,其后的从句只能有that 引导。翻译时被强调部分译成“是”,“就是”等。
It is Professor Li that /who sent me the letter .
给我寄信的是李教授。(主语)
It was Anne who had a heart attack last night .
正是安妮昨晚犯了心脏病。(主语)
It is this novel that they talked about last week .
他们上周讨论的就是这部小数。(宾语)
It was doctor james that /whom we invited to give us alecture .
被邀请个给我们作报告的是詹姆士教授(状语)
It is only when one is ill that one Knows the value of health.
人们只有生病了才知道健康的价值。(状语)
It was at an evening party that I first saw her 我是在一次晚会上首次看见她
的。(状语)
(2) 主语+do/does/did+动词原形+其它部分
该句型主要用来强调谓语动词。如果句子没有助动词,在陈述句中的谓语
动词前+do表示强调,通常用一般现在时和一般过去时中,也可用于祈使
句中。
These molecules are too small to be seen ,but they do exist .
这些分子小得几乎看不见,但他们确实存在。
You are quite wrong –she does like you .你大错特错了——她的确喜欢你。
In the past , some people did think that the earth was square .
从前,有些人的确认为地球是方的。
Do send them these electronic elements today.务必今天把这些电子器件送
给他们。
(3) What 引导的名词从句+is/was+其它成分
这一句型主要用来强调主语或宾语。
What impressed me most was her image.给我印象最深刻的是她的印象。
What I like is his writing style .我喜欢的是他的写作风格。
What matters is health but not wealth ,真正重要的是健康而不是财富。
(4) the +比较级。。。the +比较级。。。(参见第二章第二节形容词和副词的比较
等级的用法)
3. 修饰手段
通过修饰手段实现强调目的的主要有以下几种情况:
(1) 重复:通过关键词的重复或同义词以及相似表达法的使用。
Keener and keener the competition becomes 竞争变的越来越激烈。
I’ll never ,never forget what he had done to us !
他对我们所做的一切我永远、永远也不会忘记。
(2) 通过特殊疑问句、附加疑问句、反问句等疑问句形式表示强调。
What is it that you want to say ?你究竟想说什么?
What the hell do you mean ? 你究竟是什么意思?
Let’s go to the concert , shall we ?我们去听音乐吧,好吗?
“He has resigned.” ” Has he ? ” ”他辞职了。” ”是吗”
(3) 倒装。通过倒装实现强调也是一种重要手段。这一点详见下面倒装句部分
的讲解
二. 倒装句型 英语中的自然语序通常是“主语在前,谓语在后”。如果谓语动词的一部分
或全部放在主语的前面,这样的语序成为倒装语序。
The boy rushed out .(自然语序)
Out rushed the boy (倒装语序) 男孩冲了出来。
倒装语序又分为完全倒装和部分倒装两种。
Now comes your turn .(完全倒装) 现在轮到你了。
Only in this way can we lose weight.(部分倒装) 我们只有通过这种方式才能减肥。 按目的来分类,倒装句型可分为两类:因语法结构引起的倒装句和因强调引起的倒装句。
1. 语法倒装句型
(1) 疑问倒装
Can you operate the new machine ?你能操作这台机器吗?
In what way are they different ?它们在哪些方面不同?
(2)There be 句型的倒装
There are many forms of energy .能量有多种形式。
There stands a stone bridge across the river. 河上有座石桥。
(三) 表示祝愿的倒装
May you succeed ! 祝你成功!
Long live the greet unity of all nationalities country !全国各族人民大团结万!
(4) 以 here ,there ,now,then,thus等副词为句首的句子倒装。谓语动词通常是
be 动词,come,go,exist,follow 等不及物动词。
Here is the book you want .你要的书在这。
There goes the bell .铃响了。
Now is the hour ,when they say goodbye .他们告别的时候到了。
Then follows the fashion show .然后是时装表演。
(5) 表示否定或基本否定的词与词组放在句首的句子的倒装。
这些词与词组主要有:
never ,seldom,scarcely,hardly,rarely,little,not,nowhere,on no way(绝不) hardly...when...(一。。就),no sonner...than...(一。。就) ,in no case(绝不) on no account(绝不) ,at no time (从不) ,under (in)no circumstances(绝不) not only ...but also...(不但。。而且。。。)
Never has any country made so much progress in such a short time .
从来没有一个国家在这么短的时间内取得过这样大的进步。
Rarely did Tom leave his lab those days.那几天汤姆很少离开他的实验室。 Nowhere was the lost car to be found .丢失的车哪里都找不到。
No sooner had they got to the plant than they started to work .
他们一到工厂就开始工作了。
(6)”only+状语“放在句首的句子倒装
Only by working hard can one succeed.只有努力才能成功
Only once have I seen him 我只见过他一次。
(7)反复倒装
如果前面分句中所述情况也适合后面的分句,后面的的分句常以so (肯定句) ,nor,neither 或no more (否定句) 开头引导倒装句。
They can leave now , so can we .他们现在可以离开,我们也可以。
Our society has changed and so have the people in it 。
社会变了,社会的人也变了。
He didn’t see the film last night , neither did she
他昨晚没有看电影,她也没看
(8)虚拟条件句中的倒装
虚拟语气中条件从句省去if 时,were,had, 或should 须放在主语前 Were it not for your help , I wouldn’t have got what I have today
要是没有你的帮助,我就不会有今天。
Had I left a little earlier ,I would have caught thr train
要是早点动身就能赶上火车。
Should he act like that again , he would be punished .
要是他再那样干,他就要受到惩罚了。
(9)As 引导的让步状语从句
As 在引导让步状语从句时,从句要用倒装从句。
Strong as the enemy is ,We are not afraid ,敌人虽然强大,我们却不惧怕 Hard as he worked ,he couldn’t earn enough to support the family
他虽然努力工作,却不能挣足够的钱养家。
2. 强调倒装句性
因强调而引起的倒装句,一般是强调什么成分就将什么成分放在句首,使句子倒装。
(1) 状语放在句首
Down went the boat I船沉了!
Across the river lies a newly built steel bridge新建的一座钢桥横跨这条河流
(2) 表语放在句首
Great are our achievements in science and technology.
我们在科技上取得成就是伟大的。
Of all metal construction are wing structures of modern high-speed airplanes. 现在高速飞机的机翼是金属结构的。
(3) 宾语放在句首
What man has done man can do .前人所能做的,后人也能做。
What he did I cannot imagine 我想象不出他做了什么。
Whether these figures are accurate ,I don’t know .
这些数字是否精确,我不知道。
What wil be the outcome, no one can tell .后果会怎样,没人知道。