高一英语知识点总结(下册)教学知识点归纳总结
高一英语知识点总结（下册）教学知识点归纳总结
· 英语小窍门 ·
句型与句子结构(句型层次表)
第一层 第二层 例句
简单句 主 谓 I am coming.
主 谓 宾 I like cats.
主 谓 宾 宾 I bought you a book. I bought a book for you.
主 谓 宾 补 I seldom see him do morning exercises.
主 谓 表 I am a teacher. He is very tall.
并列句 主谓 + 主谓 (and, or, but, for) I phoned him but there was no answer.
复合句 主语从句 名词性从句 What he told me yesterday is true.
宾语从句 I know that he is an American.
表语从句 This is how he broke the door.
同位语从句 His suggestion that we set off now has been accepted.
定语从句 This is the room where he was born.
状语从句 Before he came here, he had learnt Chinese for years.
· 重点词汇解析 ·
1. stomach n. 肚子，胃，复数为stomachs。肚子疼：stomachache构
成短语有：
have a pain in the stomach 胃(腹)疼
lie on one’s stomach 俯卧
have the stomach for… 对……有兴趣
turn one’s stomach 使……恶心
on an empty/a full stomach 空着肚子/吃饱
2. bar n.
(1)条状物；棒
a bar of soap 一条肥皂 a bar of chocolate 一条巧克力 a bar of gold一根金条
(2)酒吧 a coffee bar
(3)固定短语：behind bars 在狱中
3. diet n.
(1)正常饮食 a balanced diet 均衡的饮食 a diet of potatoes 土豆食品
(2)饮食限制 go on a diet=be on a diet 节食, 节食
No sugar in my coffee; I’m dieting.
4. disease n. 疾病 a serious disease of the liver 严重的肝病
diseased adj. 有病的 a diseased plant病态的植物
辨析：illness, disease
illness：很少指具体疾病，只表示抽象的疾病和生病的状态。
disease: 指可以染上和传染他人的疾病。
e. g. Several children are away from school because of illness.几个孩子因生病没上学。
He has a rare heart disease.他得了一种罕见的心脏病。
5. probably 与 possibly比较
(1)probably 极有可能, 有几分根据的猜测; 比possibly所指的可能性大些。
e. g. He is working hard and clever as well many people can help him. He will probably win.他工作努力，人也聪明；很多人愿意帮助他。他极有可能取胜。
(2)possibly 可能地。表示客观上潜在的可能性，可能性比probably小，经常与情态动词can 或may 连用。
e. g. She may possibly be the greatest writer of her generation.
她或许是她那一代人中最伟大的作家。
6. promise v. &n. 允诺；答应
动词用法：后接名词或代词、不定式、that 从句
(1)They promised an immediate reply. 他们答应立刻回复。
(2)He promised me to be here at six o’clock.=He promised me that he would be here at six o’clock.. 他答应我他将在六点在这里等我。
(3)I promised you not to say that. 我答应你不说那件事。
(4)It promises to be warm this afternoon. 今天下午有望转暖。
(5)He is a promising boy. 他是一个有前途的男孩。
名词用法：
make a promise 许下诺言 give a promise 许下诺言
keep a promise 信守诺言 carry out a promise 履行诺言
break a promise违背诺言
7. brain n.
(1)用作不可数名词，大脑
The brain is the centre of higher nervous activity.大脑是高等神经活动的中枢。
(2)用作可数名词brains，智力，头脑
She has a good brain. =She has good brains.她很聪明。
8. advise, suggest用法
(1)advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 advise doing sth. 建议做某事。
advise that…(should) + 动词原形
I advise you to leave now. 我建议你现在就离开。
I advise waiting till the proper time. 我建议等到适当时机(才行动)。
We advise that steps (should) be taken at once. 我们建议立即采取措施。
(2)suggest建议，其句型为
suggest doing sth. 建议做某事
suggest one’s doing sth. =suggest sb. doing建议某人去做某事
suggest that…(should) + 动词原形
We suggested that the old museum(should)be rebuilt as soon as possible.
我们建议那座旧博物馆应该尽早重修。
9．diet与food的区别：
diet指的是习惯的食物或规定的食物，特指维持健康的定量或定质的食物。
food指能吃喝的具有营养的东西。例如：
The doctor has ordered me a special diet.医生给我安排了特殊的饮食。
I like a simple diet best.我最喜欢粗茶淡饭。
We must have food to eat and clothes to wear.我们必须有食物吃，有衣服穿。
The patient must not go without food, but he must have a diet without sugar.
这个病人不可不吃东西，但要吃不含糖的饮食。
· 重点词组解析 ·
1. plenty of充分的，大量的，既可修可数名词又可修不可数名词，只用于陈述句，
在疑问句中一般用enough，在否定句中用many 或much。
注意：plenty of前面没有冠词a, 不可误记成a plenty of。
Make sure there is plenty of food for everyone. We have plenty of
chairs here.
in plenty 充足地
There is food in plenty. =There is plenty of food.
2．be careful用法归纳
(1)be careful 单独使用，当心
Be careful！The pan is hot! 当心！锅很热。
(2)be careful about…对……谨慎
I hope you’ll be careful in future about the things you say.我希望你将来对所说事谨慎。
(3)be careful of…留神……
We have to be careful of what they are doing.我们得留神他们做的什么。
(4)be careful with…注意……
You must be more careful with your work.你们需注意你们的工作。
有时be careful表示吝啬。
He’s too careful with his money; he never buys a drink for anyone.
他太吝啬了，他从不给别人买杯水。
(5)be careful not to do sth. 小心不要做……
We want to be careful not to break anything.我们要小心不要打破任何东西。
(6)be careful+从句 加以小心
Be careful what you do. 小心你做的一切。
3．keep up with 跟上（防止落后）
keep up with the class 跟上班级（不掉队）
keep up with the development of society 适应社会的发展
keep up with the going on 跟上时尚
注意：catch up with （已经落后）赶上
4．Be +adj +to短语
(1)be harmful to…对……有害
be +adj. +to sb. /sth. 指对某人或某物有……影响或态度如何。
be good to…=be kind to…对……态度好
be friendly to…对……友好
be cruel to…对……凶残
be bad to…对……态度不好
be polite/impolite to…对……有礼貌/无礼貌
be rude to…对……粗鲁
5．cut短语总结：
(1)cut into…把……切成
Vegetables should be cut into small pieces and dropped into the boiling water.
蔬菜应切成小碎块放进开水里。
(2)cut up 切碎
Mom is cutting up the meat to make dumplings.妈妈正剁肉准备包饺子。
(3)cut down 砍倒；削减
If you cut down the trees, you will ruin the land.如果你砍伐树木，就会毁坏土地。
I have decided to cut down my smoking. 我决定戒烟。
(4)cut off 切断，停掉
Our water supply has been cut off again. 我们的供水再次中断。
6．Short短语
(1)be short of 缺少
I’m short of money this week, can you lend me some？这星期我缺钱，你能借我一点?
(2)run short 几乎用光
We’ve run short of oil. 我们已经用光油了。
The supply of oil is running short. 供应的油快要用光了。
· 重点句型解析 ·
1．It was a bit green. 它还有点生。
1)句中的green意为“没有成熟的”，是ripe的反义词。例如：
We don￠t like to eat green fruit./ The apples are still too green to
2)a bit作程度副词，与a little同义。例如：
I￠m a bit/ a little tired. / Could you drive a bit/ a little slower?
3)但是，not a bit＝ not at all,而not a little＝very/ much. 例如：
I￠m not a bit tired. 我一点不累 I￠m not a little tired.我很累。
2．While you are at school, or walking home, your body is burning up 100 calories an hour.你在学校上课或步行回家时，你体内每小时消耗100卡。
1)burn up意为“烧掉”、“烧毁”，在本句中意为“消耗掉”。例如：
He burned up all the old letters. 他把过去的全部信件都烧掉了。
The house burned up before they got there.他们到达那儿之前，房子已烧毁了。
2)up与一些动词构成短语时，有“完结”、“终结”的意思。如eat up 吃光，drink up喝光， tear up 撕碎，use up 用完，lock up锁好。
3. Eating habits become part of who we are.饮食习惯变成我们自身的一部分。
who we are 为介词of 的宾语从句。
eating habits 为动名词短语作句子的主语。动名词或不定式(短语)作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。Seeing is believing. 眼见为实part of… ……的一部分
Part of the building was destroyed in the fire.大楼的一部分被火烧毁了。
a part of 指不足一半，意为“一小部分”。
We spent a part of our holiday in France.我们的一部分假期是在法国度
4．The Chinese eat less sugar than many other countries in the world.中国人吃的糖比世界上其它许多国家的人都少。
1)the Chinese 指（全体）中国人。以－ese结尾的表示国籍的词与定冠词连用时，表示整个国家的人。例如：the Japanese(全体)日本人，the Vietnamese(全体)越南人。但指该国单个的人时，则是a Chinese, a Japanese, a Vietnamese.
5．They eat a lot of sugar in the form of cakes, soft drinks,sweets and so on.他们吃蛋糕、软饮料、糖果等，其中含有大量的糖。
1)in the form of 意为“以……的形式”。例如：He made the suggestion in the form of a question. 他以提问题的形式提出建议。
He expressed his feelings in the form of letters.他用写信来表达自己的感情。
He wrote a novel in the form of a diary.他以日记的形式写了一本小说。
6．In some parts of Britain, one person in ten, by the age of thirty, has no teeth left! 在英国有些地方，十分之一的人年方三十，牙齿就都脱光了！
1)one person in ten 是“十个中有一个”的意思，也可说成one person out of ten。
例如：One in every four children had bad teeth./ Nine in ten people agreed with us./
2)by the age of意“……岁之前”“到……岁时”，at the age of 意“在……岁时
She had learned to play the piano by the age of ten.十岁之前，他就学会弹钢琴。
He died at the age of 90.他九十岁去世。
7．Scores of people went there in the first few days after its opening.开张后的头几天，许多人到那家餐馆去吃饭。
1)score作“二十”解，和数字连用时，不可加s，如a score of eggs(20个蛋)，four score and seven years ago(87年前)。但scores of则为固定词组，意为“许多”。例如：A score or more attended the meeting.20多人出席会议。
I have been there scores of times.我到那儿去过多次了。
2)first后面跟复数名词时，意为“头几个”、“头一批”。例如：
For the first few weeks, they didn￠t talk to each other.头几个星期，他们彼此不曾讲过话。He was one of the first people to discover America.他是首批发现美洲的人之一。
· 语法精讲 ·
情态动词had better, should及 ought to的用法
(1)had better 最好
①加动词原形
You’d better get some sleep. 你最好睡一会儿。
I’d better not disturb him. 我最好不打扰他了。
②后接be doing sth. 表示最好立即做某事
I think I’d better be going.我想我最好立刻走。
③祈使句中had省略
Better not wait for them. 最好不等他们。
④反义疑问句用had
You’d better put away your socks, hadn’t you? 你最好把你袜子收拾好，难道不行吗？
You had better not follow her, had you？你最好不要跟她，不是吗？
(2)should 与ought to 应该
①ought to 的口气比should 稍重一些，更侧重于某件事责任、义务上该做的事情。should表示某件事宜于做。下列句子两个词不宜换用：
You are his father. You ought to take care of him.你是他的父亲，就应该照顾他。
We should not use too many big words in our everyday speech.
我们不应该说太多的大话在我们的日常讲话中。
②ought to 的句式变化
否定句：You ought not =(oughtn’t) to write so carelessly.你不该写得这样粗心。
疑问句：Ought we to give him a chance to try？我们该给他机会试一试?
③与完成时连用
should/ought to have done sth.本应该做……(而实际没做)
We ought to have finished our homework on time.我们本应该按时完成作业。
shouldn’t/oughtn’t to have done sth.本不应该做……(而实际做了)
They oughtn’t to have come back so late.他们本不该回来这样晚。
· 同步练习 ·
1．Four______ of students took part in the sports meeting.
A .hundred B .hurdreds C .score D .scores
2．He made the suggestion ________ the form of a question.
A .with B .by C .on D .in
3．——Your English is very good.——__________
A .Thank you. I￠m glad you think so. B .No, my English is very poor.
C .Is that true? D .Don￠t you think so?
4．Our home is always _______ love and understanding.
A .rich for B .rich in C .high with D .high by
5．I hope you￠ll forget all the unhappiness I have _____you.
A .caused B .given C .offered D .handed
6．——Why don￠t we go and play football? ——___________.
A .Yes, I think so B.I can play football
C .It￠s a good game D .That￠s a good idea
7．What is the matter_______ the tape－recorder?
A .about B .for C .from D .with
8．You_____ better________the thing to be done.
A .had; not to cause B .had; not cause
C .hadn￠t; cause D .hadn￠t; causing
9．The doctor advises that the patient_______more exercise.
A .take B .takes C .will take D .to take
10．Do about nine children_____ ten like eating sweets?
A .from B .in C .among D .between
11．She was too excited to fall______last night.
A .sleep B .asleep C .sleepy D .sleeping
12．——I￠m not feeling well. ——I￠m not_____. I advise you_______.
A .surprising; to lose weight B .surprised; will lose weight
C .surprised; to lose weight D .surprising; losing weight
13．In winter we see water fall______of snow.
A .instead B .in the form C .in front D .in drops
14．He was lucky enough not to be hurt______ in the accident.
A .a bit B .a little C .any D .very
15．The reason_____he is absent from school is _____ he was badly hurt while riding.
A .that; why B .why; that C .why; because D .which; as
参考答案 1.C 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.A 6.D 7.D 8.B
9.A 10.B 11.B 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.B
· 课外阅读 ·
The Wolf and the Lamb
WOLF, meeting with a Lamb astray from the fold, resolved not to lay violent hands on him, but to find some plea to justify to the Lamb the Wolf's right to eat him. He thus addressed him:"Sirrah, last year you grossly insulted me." "Indeed," bleated the Lamb in a mournful tone of voice, "I was not then born." Then said the Wolf , "You feed in my pasture." "No, good sir," replied the Lamb, "I have not yet tasted grass." Again said the Wolf, "You drink of my well." "No," exclaimed the Lamb, "I never yet drank water, for as yet my mother's milk is both food and drink to me." Upon which the Wolf seized him and ate him up, saying, "Well! I won't remain supperless, even though you refute every one of my imputations."
The tyrant will always find a pretext for his tyranny.
狼与小羊
一只小羊在河边喝水，狼见到后，便想找一个名正言顺的借口吃掉他。于是他跑到上 游，恶狠狠地说小羊把河水搅浑浊了，使他喝不到清水。小羊回答说，他仅仅站在河边喝 水，并且又在下游，根本不可能把上游的水搅浑。狼见此计不成，又说道：“我父亲去年被 你骂过。”小羊说，那时他还没有出生。狼对他说：“不管你怎样辩解，反正我不会放
过 你。”
这说明，对恶人做任何正当的辩解也是无效的。
The Bat and the Weasels
A BAT who fell upon the ground and was caught by a Weasel pleaded to be spared his life. The Weasel refused, saying that he was by nature the enemy of all birds. The Bat assured him that he was not a bird, but a mouse, and thus was set free. Shortly afterwards the Bat again fell to the ground and was caught by another Weasel, whom he likewise entreated not to eat him. The Weasel said that he had a special hostility
to mice. The Bat assured him that he was not a mouse, but a bat, and thus a second time escaped.
It is wise to turn circumstances to good account.
蝙蝠与黄鼠狼
蝙蝠掉落在地上，被黄鼠狼叼去，他请求饶命。黄鼠狼说绝不会放过他，自己生来痛恨 鸟类。蝙蝠说他是老鼠，不是鸟，便被放了。后来蝙蝠又掉落了下来，被另一只黄鼠狼叼 住，他再三请求不要吃他。这只黄鼠狼说他恨一切鼠类。蝙蝠改口说自己是鸟类，并非老 鼠，又被放了。这样，蝙蝠两次改变了自己的名字，终于死里逃生。
这故事说明，我们遇事要随机应变方能避免危险。
Unit14 Festivals
· 英语小窍门 ·
十二条经典英语谚语
1. Pain past is pleasure. (过去的痛苦就是快乐。)
2. Wisdom in the mind is better than money in the hand. (脑中有知识，胜过手有金钱。)
3. Nothing is impossible for a willing heart. (心之所愿，无所不成。)
4. All things are difficult before they are easy. (凡事必先难后易。)
5. Great hopes make great man. (伟大的理想造就伟大的人。)
6. God helps those who help themselves. (天助自助者。)
7. Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little, bit more. (四个简短的词汇概括了成功的秘诀：多一点点！) [比别人多一点努力、多一点自律、多一点决心、多一点反省、多一点学习、多一点实践、多一点疯狂，多一点点就能创造奇迹！]
8. In doing we learn. (实践长才干。)
9. East or west, home is best. (东好西好，还是家里最好。)
10. Two heads are better than one. (三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮。)
11. Good company on the road is the shortest cut. (行路有良伴就是捷径。)
12. Constant dropping wears the stone. (滴水穿石)
· 重点词汇解析 ·
1. hono(u)r vt.
(1)尊敬
e. g. Children should honour their father and mother. 孩子应该尊敬父母。
(2)对……表示敬意
e. g. Flowers were placed there to honour his memory.鲜花摆放在那里为了纪念他
(3)使感到荣幸
e. g. You honour us by being with us today.今天你和我们在一起这是我们的荣幸。
I am honoured to be asked to speak here. 被邀请在此讲话是我的荣幸。
honour n.
(1)荣誉，光荣(不可数名词)
e. g. They fight for the honour of their country. 他们为祖国的荣誉而
战。
(2)(高尚)人格，信誉(不可数名词)
A man of honour would not behave in so cowardly way.
一个高尚的人行为处事不会这么懦弱。
(3)尊敬，敬重(不可数)
e. g. One must show honour to one’s parents. 一个人必须尊敬父母。
(4)使感到光荣的人或事，荣幸(可数，多作单数)
e. g. It’s an honour to meet you. 见到你十分荣幸。
比较：in honour of 为了(纪念或表示敬意而举行某活动)
e. g. It is only a dance in honour of her birthday. 这只是纪念她生日的一个舞会。
A memorial meeting was held in his honour. 为了纪念他而举行纪念会。
have the honour (of)有幸……, 荣幸地
e. g. May I have the honour of your company at dinner？我能有幸与您共进晚餐吗？
2. determine vt.
(1)决定
e. g. His future has not been determined, but he may study medicine.
他还没决定好未来，但他可能学医。
Can we now determine the date for our party? 我们现在能决定派对的
日期吗？
(2)决心，决意，决定(作某事)，(用过去分词)决心，下定决心
determine+不定式to do
e. g. She determined to go that very afternoon. 她决心就在那个下午走。
determine+从句
He had been determined that no one should know.他决意不让任何人知道。
determined 过去分词作定语或表语，果断，坚定，坚决
e. g.His voice was determined, and his eyes were flashing.
他的声音很坚决，他的眼睛闪闪发亮。
determination n.
(1)决心(不可数)
e. g. He came with the determination of staying/to stay one week.他决心呆一周。
(2)决定(不可数，间或加不定冠词)
e. g. The boy came to a determination to run away from school. 男孩决定逃学。
self-determination n. 自主，自我决定
3. purpose n. 目的，意图，目标
e. g. What is your purpose in doing this? 你做这件事的目的是什么？
比较：for…purpose为了……目的on purpose 有意地，故意地，特意
e. g. If I go there in future, it will be for the purpose of seeing you.
如果我今后去那儿的话，就是为了见你。
I’ve come on purpose to speak to you. 我来是特意要与你谈谈。
She did it on purpose. 她是故意那样做。
4. reminder n. 提醒的人(物)，暗示
e. g. Please give me a reminder this afternoon to phone him.请下午提醒我给他打电话。
remind v. 使……想起，提醒
(1)+ of短语 e. g. That story you have just told reminds me of an experience I once had.
你刚刚讲的故事使我想起了我曾经有过的经历。
(2)+ sb. to do e. g. Please remind me to write that letter. 请提醒我写信。
(3)+从句 e. g. The sight of the clock reminded me that I was late.
看见时钟使我想起我迟到了。
5.compare v.
(1)compare … with…比较，指同类事物的具体比较
e. g. Compare these two languages, and we can see there are differences as well as similarities.
比较这两种语言，可以发现它们有同有异。
Parents like to compare their own children with other children.
父母们总喜欢把自己的孩子与别的孩子进行比较。
(2) compare … to … 比作， 指非同类事物的抽象比较
e. g. Shakespeare compared the world to a stage. 莎士比亚把人世比作舞台。
People often compare girls to flowers. 人们经常把女孩子比作花朵。
(3) compared to/ with…与……比起来，常在句中作状语，可位于句首或句尾，to和with可通用。
It was a small place then compared to/ with what it is now.
和现在比起来，那时它还是个小地方。
6. 表示穿着的动词
(1)put on 表示穿上的动作
e. g. He put on his coat and went out hurriedly.他穿上外衣匆匆忙忙地出去了。
(2) wear表示穿着状态，意义最广，可用于衣服、鞋、帽、袜、手套、眼镜、手表、徽章、首饰，还可表示头发、胡须的式样，带有某种表情或样子。
e. g. He was a short man wearing thick glasses.他是一个带着厚厚的眼镜的矮小的人。
(3) dress既可表示动作也可表示状态，作及物动词时，后面宾语是人，即dress sb. / oneself (in sth. )或be dressed in sth.
e. g. She dressed the baby in red. 她给孩子穿上了红色的衣服。
(4) have on表示穿着状态，无进行时。
e. g. She had a red dress on. 她穿了一件红裙子。
(5)be in sth. 表示状态
e. g. He’s in plain clothes. 他身着便装。
What colour is your child in? 你的孩子穿着什么颜色的衣服？
7. light的用法
(1)adj. 明亮的(=bright)，浅色的(=pale)
e. g. His room is light and airy. 他的房间又亮又通风。
It gets light at about six o’clock. 六点左右天亮。
She has a light green dress. 她有一条淡绿色的裙子。
(2)n.①光线，亮光(不可数)，但如表示一种光线时，尤其是被形容词修饰时，前可加不定冠词。e. g. The test-tube was glowing with a faint blue light.试管里发出微弱的蓝光。
②灯，灯光，发光物，引火物(可数)
e. g. There were no lights on in any office room. 没有一个办公室里有灯光。
(3) v. (light, lit, lit)和(light, lighted, lighted)
①点燃(生炉子)e. g. When it was dark we lit the candles. 天黑时我们点上了蜡烛。
②照亮e. g. Our streets are lit by electricity. 街道被灯光照亮。
③(使)变得亮起来，开朗起来
e. g. Her face lighted when she saw who it was.当她看清是谁时，她的脸亮了起来。
Suddenly a smile lit (up) her face. 突然微笑使她的脸亮了起来。
(4)light up动词短语
①照亮，点亮e. g. The burning building lit up the whole street.燃烧的建筑物照亮了整条街道。
②(使)容光焕发，春风满面 (指人的面部表情)
e. g. Her face lit up when she heard the good news.当她听到好消息时，脸上露出喜色。
注意：light的过去分词有两种: lighted, lit当作定语修饰名词时，用lighted。
e. g. a lighted candle 一支点着的蜡烛。
8 .common用法及common, usual, ordinary, general区别
(1)common
①共同的，共有的e. g. English is their common language. 英语是他们的共同语言。
②普通的，一般的，平常的 Nothing is commoner than that. 没有比此更普通的。
③常见的，到处可见的e. g. Is this word in common use? 这个字常用吗？
④ in common (with sb. )共同的e. g. We have many things in common. 我们有许多共同之处。
(2) common, general, ordinary, usual区别
common侧重“普通”，表示“时时发生，人所共有”，并含有“并不高贵，地位低下”之意，指符合或具有全体共有的特征，其反义词为rare。
e. g. a common saying 俗语 a common wish 一个共同的愿望
common sense 常识common knowledge 普通知识
This is a grammatical mistake common among beginners in English.
这是个初学英语的人易犯的错误。
general 侧重“普遍”，表示在大多数人或事物中流行并受到关注，不含有“地位低下”之意，其反义词为specific。e. g. general readers 一般读者a general idea 一个普通的观点
ordinary与common基本同义，侧重“外表平凡的，普通的”，表示“随时可以碰到，不值得惊奇”，其反义词为superior。
e. g. an ordinary event一件极平常的事an ordinary person一个普通的人
My teacher is an ordinary-looking man.我的老师是个相貌平常的人。
usual用来指事物，强调习惯性，一贯如此，意为“通常的，惯常的”, 含有“随集体风俗或个人习惯而常常发生”之意，其反义词为unusual。
e. g. as usual和往常一样 It’s a usual thing with him. 这对他来说是平常事。
9. believe与believe in
believe相信 = think …true, 后接表示人或事物的名词或代词，也可接what/ that从句
e. g. I believe you. = I believe what you said. 我相信你说的话。
I could hardly believe my ears/eyes.我简直不敢相信我所听到的/看到的。
比较：believe sb. 相信某人所说的话
believe in sb. 信任某人，指人的品格、作风、为人等方面的情况。
e. g. We usually believe in him, but this doesn’t mean we always believe him.
我们通常是信任他的，但这并不意味着我们总是相信他的话。
10. gather与collect区别
gather作“收集”“聚集”讲时用法广泛，可指把人集中起来，也可指把分散的东西或抽象的东西(如信息、力量)聚集起来。
collect作“收集”“采集”讲时，着重于计划性和选择性的含义。
e. g. Up to now, he has collected 500 foreign stamps.至今为止，他已收集了五百张外国邮票。
Gather round, and I’ll tell you a story. 大家围过来，我给你们讲个故事。
When the accident happened, a lot of people quickly gathered round.
事故发生后，很快周围聚集了很多人。
How long did it take you to collect these ancient coins?
你用了多长时间才收集到这些古代硬币？
注意：gather一般不与together连用，因其自身就是bring together / come together之意。
· 重点词组解析 ·
1. give短语总结
(1)give away
①分发，送给人e. g. He gave away all his pictures. 他把所有的画都送人了。
②泄漏(机密)，暴露(自己的情况) Please don’t give my secret away. 请不要泄漏我的秘密。
(2)give back
①还给e. g. I must call at the library to give back this book. 我必须去图书馆还书。
②恢复(健康等)e. g. Living here has given me back my health. 住在这里我的健康恢复了。
(3)give in
①交上来e. g. Give in your exercise books. 请交上练习本。
② give in (to sb. )让步，妥协，投降，认输，向……让步
e. g. The enemy is surrounded and must soon give in. 敌人被包围了必须马上投降。
He is always giving in to other people. 他总是向别人让步。
(4) give off 散发出e. g. The flowers give off a sweet fragrance. 花散发出甜美的香气。
(5)give out
①散发，颁发e. g. The teacher gave out the examination papers. 老师分发试卷。
②宣布e. g. He gave out that he was going to England. 他宣布他将去英国。
③被用完，耗尽，没有了
e. g. You can’t have a hot bath—the water will give out.你不能洗热水澡，水快没了。
④(机器等)失灵，(人)体力不支. The chair gave out under the fat man. 人太胖了，椅子垮了。
⑤发出e. g. The radio is giving out a strange signal. 无线电发出奇怪的信号。
(6)give up放弃，不再做(某事)He has given up playing football. 他不再踢球了。
2 as well as
(1)意为“除……外”“同”“和”“并”“也”，后接动词时用动名词。
e. g. He gave me money as well as advice. 他不但给我建议还给我钱。
Alice has an English-Chinese dictionary as well as a Chinese-English dictionary.
爱丽丝不但有一本汉英词典还有一本英汉词典。
The little girl is clever as well as beautiful. 这个女孩不但漂亮，而且聪明。
(2) A as well as B部分作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与A一致
e. g. The teacher as well as his students was praised.不仅学生而且老师也受到了表扬。
比较：
1)与as well as 用法相同的还有 (along/ together) with, including, but/except/ besides, in addition to, rather than, like/ such as …
e. g. It is you rather than I who are to speak at the meeting.是你而不是我将在会上讲话。
Besides him, three more men have been invited.除了他，还有三个人被邀请了。
2)有一些短语作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由与它靠近的词来决定，这些短语有：or, either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…, not…but…, There be…
e. g. He or I am to go to the meeting. 他或者我去开会。
Either you or she is wrong. 不是你就是她错了。
(3) as well as 相当于 not only… but also…, 但表示“不但……而且”时，
A as well as B侧重A, 而not only A but also B侧重B
e. g. You as well as I are wrong. = Not only I but also you are wrong.
(4) as well as后接从句，是副词的同级比较。
e. g. She sings as well as she plays. 她弹得好，唱得也好。
He shoots as well as he rides. 他马骑得好，枪打得也好。
(5) as well用在句末时，与also/too相近，as well与too常用于句末。
e. g. She is not only good at maths, she is good as English as well.她不但数学好，英语也好。
Mary’s sister teaches English, too. 玛丽的姐姐也教英语。
too除了放在句末外，也可接在主语之后，这时比较正式。
e. g. I, too, know how to work out the maths problem.我也知道怎样解这道数学题。
also不如too/ as well用得多，不用于句末，通常与动词连用。
e. g. I’ve also read some of Shakespeare’s plays.我也读过一些莎士
比亚的剧本。
also, as well, too一般不用于否定句，否定句中可用not…either, neither…nor…
I like the novel as well. 我也喜欢这部小说I don’t like the novel either.我也不喜欢这部小说。
She is here, too. 她也在这里。 She isn’t here, either. 她也不在这里。
3. care about
(1) 关心
e. g. He used to care only about his own family, but has greatly changed now.
他曾经只关心他自己家，但是现在变了很多。
(2)喜欢，对……有兴趣e. g. He cares about music. 他对音乐感兴趣。
比较：care for
(1) 照顾，照料The mother cared for the sick child night and day.
妈妈日日夜夜照料生病的孩子。
(2)喜欢，对……有兴趣e. g. They do not care very greatly for art. 他们对艺术不是很感兴趣。
care v. 在乎，在意(多用于否定结构)
(1) +从句e. g. I’ll go. I don’t care what happens. 我要走，我不在乎发生什么了。
(2)后不接内容I don’t care, so long as she let me be with her.我不在乎，只要她让我和她在一起。
(1)注意，当心(不可数)
take care＋从句e. g. Take care (that) you don’t break it. 小心别打碎它。
take care of sth. e. g. Take care of what you are doing. 注意你在干什么。
with care 作状语，仔细地，认真地，当心 e. g. Cross the road with care. 过马路时要当心。
(2)照顾，照管(不可数)
under (one’s/ the) care e. g. I must leave him under your care. 我必须让你来照顾他。
in one’s care e. g. Mary was left in her sister’s care. 玛丽被留下来由姐姐照顾。
to one’s care e. g. I’ll leave this to your care. 我将把这个留给你来照顾。
take care of e. g. It was I who was taking care of him. 是我在照顾他。
(3)忧烦，烦恼(不可数) e. g. Care had made him look ten years older. 烦恼使他看起来老十岁。
(4)烦人的事(可数) e. g. He seemed to be a little man without a care.他似乎是一个没有烦事的小人物。
· 重点句型解析 ·
1. The Spring Festival, …and festivals help us understand who we are, remember where we come from, and share our hopes for a happy future.
春节，……和节日帮助我们了解我们是谁，记住我们从哪里来，并共同分享对美好未来的期望。
share v.
(1)共同具有，合用e. g. Three doctors share the office. 三个医生共用这个办公室。
(2)分享，分担e. g. They would share the joys and sorrows. 他们将同甘苦，共患难。
(3)share in分享，分担，共同努力
e. g. We all shared in his happiness when he won the scholarship.
当她获得奖学金时，我们都替他高兴。
(4) share with与……合用
e. g. Would you mind sharing a bedroom with another guest?
你介意和另一位客人共用一个房间吗？
比较： spare
(1)留出(时间作某事)，挤出(时间)
e. g. Can you spare the time to help me? 你能挤出时间帮助我吗？
(2)不用，匀出(给别人用)
e. g. Father couldn’t spare the car, so John had to walk.爸爸要用车，因此约翰只得步行。
(3)放过，饶(命)，不杀
e. g. The king spared the lives of the women and children.国王放过了妇女和儿童。
save v.
(1)挽救，拯救e. g. They fought bravely and saved the country. 他们勇敢战斗拯救祖国。
(2)节省，省去，省着用，保护
e. g. If we buy plenty of food now, it will save shopping again this week.
如果我们现在买了足够的食物，这周就省了再上街购物了。
Save your eyes by reading in good light.在光线足的地方读书可保护你的眼睛。
(3)节约，存钱，省钱，储蓄
e. g. He’s saving to buy a bicycle. 他省钱来买自行车。
(4)留下，保留，保住，留作他用
Save your strength for the hardwork, you’ll have to do later.
留着点儿劲，你一会儿还得干活儿呢。
(5)save …for…留供……用
e. g. He is saving himself / his strength for the heavy work.他节省力量来干重活。
2. There seems to be no other choice. 似乎别无选择。
seem v.
(1)似乎，好像
① +不定式：
seem to do表示一般状况。
e. g. I don’t seem to lack anything. 我好像不缺什么。
seem to have done表示该动作是在谓语动词发生之前就已经完成。
I seem to have caught a cold. 我好像感冒了。
He seemed not to have grasped what she really meant.他好像没有把握她的意思。
seem to be doing表示在过去的某段时间里正在进行的动作，强调该动作在过去持续了一段时间。e. g. She seemed to be sleeping. 她好像在睡觉。
seem (to be)+表语(adj. 或n. 或prep. )
e. g. You seem to be in a great hurry. 你似乎很着急。
② It seems(ed) (that)从句可以和“主语+seems/seemed+动词不定式”互相转换，意思不变。注意句型转换：
e. g. It seemed that he had failed the exam.= He seemed to have failed in the exam.
他似乎没通过考试。
It seems that nobody knew what had happened. 看来没人知道发生了什么事。
It seems(ed) as if从句
e. g. It seems as if there will be an election soon. 好像很快就要选举了。
③ There seems(ed) (to be)好像有，似乎有
e. g. There seems to be something/the matter with her. 她好像有什么事。
(2)看来，似乎是(什么样子) link v. (系动词)
① +形容词e. g. He seemed to me quite normal. 对于我来说，他很正常。
② +分词e. g. She always seemed well pleased. 她好像总是很高兴。
③ +名词e. g. It seems not a bad idea. 那个主意好像不错。
④ +介词短语 e. g. You seem in high spirits. 你好像情绪很高涨。
3. …or, in other words, the first day of spring. 或者，换句话说，春天的第一天。
(1)in other words换句话说
e. g. In other words, we can complete the project on time only in this way.
换句话说，只有这样我们才能按时完成工程。
In other words, if you break the rule, you will be punished.
换言之，如果你违反了规则，你将受到惩罚。
(2)in a word 总之，简言之
e. g. In a word, I don’t trust him. 总之，我不信任他。
(3)in words 用言语
e. g. Though the boy is only two, he can express his meaning clearly in words.
尽管这男孩只有两岁，他能清楚地用语言来表达他的意思。
4. It is not a sad day, but rather a time to celebrate the cycle of life.
这不是悲伤的一天，而是庆祝生命轮回的时刻。
rather 副词
(1)“相当，颇，甚”
e. g. We all were rather tired after our long walk. 走了那么远，我们都相当累了。
I rather expected that we would win. 我很希望我们能赢。
(2)比较 fairly, rather, quite, pretty
①表示程度
fairly与rather表示“相当地”时，fairly含有积极肯定的意思，rather含有消极否定的意思。
e. g. The question is fairly difficult. 这个问题很难——但适当。
The question is rather difficult. 这个问题很难——有点过难，不适当。
fairly是程度最轻的，例如：某人的英语说得fairly well, 言外之意是他只能应付一些日常用语。说某本书fairly good，是说这本书还可以看一看，但没有赞扬之意。
e. g. He’s just written a new book. It’s fairly interesting, but certainly not his best.
他刚出了一本新书，这本书还算有意思，但肯定不是他的最佳作品。
He studies fairly hard. 他学习还算用功。
quite比fairly程度强一点，如果你认为某本书quite good, 就是在推荐给别人看，虽算不上最佳小说，但还是值得一看。
e. g. They study English quite hard. 他们学习英语还保留用功。
He was quite polite, but he wasn’t ready to help me.他相当有礼貌，但他并不愿意帮助我。
rather程度上比quite又强，相当于more than expected/more than you want。如说某人的外语rather well, 那此人肯定是个内行，就电影而言，rather good是说胜过多数影片。
e. g. She speaks English rather well. 她的英语讲得真不错。
pretty表示程度时，和rather差不多，多用于非正式文体。
e. g. Twenty-five is pretty old to take up ballet dancing.二十五岁才学芭蕾舞年龄太大了。
The situation seems pretty hopeless. 情形似乎没有太大希望了。
②用法
rather和quite可置于不定冠词前或后
e. g. That is quite / rather a surprising result. 那是一个相当惊人的结果。= That is a rather / quite surprising result.
rather可与比较级和too +形容词/副词连用，quite只能与better连用。
e. g. This book is rather too difficult for the juniors.这本书对低年级的学生来说太难了。
Today I feel quite better. 今天我感到好多了。
This room is rather larger than we want.这个房间比我们需要的大了不少。
quite同没有程度差别的形容词连用时，一般作“完全地”“绝对地”。
e. g. She was quite alone. 她非常孤单。It’ s quite impossible. 这绝不可能。
4. Whatever the trick is, if a person is taken in, he or she is called “April Fool”! 不管是什么把戏，如果一个人上当了，他或她就被称作“四月傻子”。
(1) whatever
①= no matter what 无论是什么，不管什么，在句中作状语。
e. g. Whatever happens, we will not change our plan.无论发生什么事，我们都不会改变计划。
No matter what you want to do, above all, you should obey the law.
不管你想干什么，首先，你必须守法。
② = anything that任何事/东西，在句中起名词作用，引导名词性从句。
e. g. You can take whatever you like.= You can take anything that you like.
你可以拿走你喜欢的任何东西。
(2)take in
①欺骗，哄骗，使上当
e. g. We were completely taken in by his story. 我们完全被他的故事骗了。
②理解，领会，明白
e. g. The lesson was too difficult for the class to take in.课太难了，学生难以领会。
③接受(房客，客人等)，让……在家居住(食宿)，收留
e. g. The farmer took in the lost travelers for the night.农夫让迷路的旅行者在家过夜。
④包括，涉及e. g. The study of physics takes in many different subjects.物理学涉及许多学科。
(3)take up
①开始学习，开始做(某项工作)
e. g. What is your son taking up in college? 你儿子在大学学习什么？
②从事某项活动，发展某种爱好
e. g. At the age of sixty he took up the study of Russian.六十岁时他开始学俄语。
③占用，占掉(时间，空间)e. g. The meeting took up the whole morning. 会议占了整个上午。
④接受e. g. Do you intend to take up his offer of a job? 你想接受他提供的工作吗？
⑤吸起(墨水，灰尘等)e. g. Plants take up water. 植物吸水。
· 语法精讲 ·
must用法
1. must表示主观上的“必须”。
e. g. You must do what you want to. 你必须做你想做的事。注意对其问句的回答方式：
e. g. —Must I go now? 我必须现在走吗？—Yes, you must. 是的，你必须。
—No, you needn’t. / you don’t have to. 不，你不必。
You needn’t do what you don’t want to. 你不必做你不愿意的事。
其否定形式mustn’t表示“绝对不可”“不许”，无肯定句和疑问句。
e. g. You mustn’t smoke in this part of the hospital.你绝对不可以在医院的这部分吸烟。
区别：have to表示客观上的“不得不”，其否定式don’t have to相当于needn’t, 表示“不必”。
e. g. We can’t travel through the forest by car, because there aren’t any roads. So we have to travel by air or boat.我们不能坐车穿过森林，因为没有路。所以我们只能乘飞机或乘船。
You don’t have to do what you don’t want to.你不一定非得做你不愿意做的事情。
have got to相当于have to, 多用于美式英语中。
也可以用 haven’t got to或 be not obliged to来代替not have to。
· 同步练习 ·
1. --____? --I’ve got a bad cough.
A. How do you do. B. What do you feel like C. What does it matter D. What’s the matter
2. I’ve got ____work to do on a____cold day.
A. much too; much too B. too much; too much C. too much; much too D. much too; too much
3. Swan Lake is a famous ballet in for acts ____ on a German fairy tale.
A. basing B. based C. bases D. to base
4. When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. They ____ be ready by12:00.
A. can B. should C. might D. need
5. I advised you____drink water that isn’t____any more.
A. not; boiled B. not to; boiling C. not; boiling D. not to; boiled
6. –What did Mary have____breakfast this morning?
--She was late for school and hurried off____breakfast.
A. for; without B. at; without C. for; after D. at; after
7. After I had been in bed for two days, Mother ____ going to see a doctor art once.
A. stopped B. agreed C. suggested D. made
8. On National Day, people sing and dance to____ the birth of our country.
A. congratulate B. celebrate C. greet D. salute
9. I have neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. That’s why I ____ wait until the rain stops.
A. must B. should C. ought to D. have to
10. Do you know when the ____ song of the Beijing Olymp9ics will be chosen?
A. subject B. title C. topic D. theme
11. Sometimes I really wonder how I could make friends with a man
who has little____with me.
A. in ordinary B. in common C. the same D. in similar
12. Don’t let yourself be taken ____ by these politicians.They are always lying.
A. up B. over C. away D. in
13. We expected him to do a little research work____ make a lot of experiments.
A. as much as B. as long as C. as well as D. as far as
14. ____ seems to be a possibility that we shall be able to afford the car we need.
A. It B. There C. That D. This
15. The boys are always playing ____ Carl. They hide his hat, steal his books, etc.
A. a joke in B. a role on C. games with D. tricks on
参考答案
1-5 DCBBD 6-10 ACBDD 11-15 BDCBD
· 课外阅读 ·
英国的酒吧文化
Visitors to Britain may find the best place to sample local culture is in a traditional pub. But these friendly hostelries can be minefields of
potential gaffes for the uninitiated.
An anthropologist and a team of researchers have unveiled some of the arcane rituals of British pubs--starting with the difficulty of getting a drink. Most pubs have no waiters--you have to go to the bar to buy drinks. A group of Italian youths waiting 45 minutes before they realized they would have to fetch their own. This may sound inconvenient, but there is a hidden purpose.
Pub culture is designed to promote sociability in a society known for its reserve. Standing at the bar for service allows you to chat with others waiting to be served. The bar counter is possibly the only site in the British Isles in which friendly conversation with strangers is considered entirely appropriate and rea1ly quite normal behaviour. "If you haven't been to a pub, you haven't been to Britain." This tip can be found in a booklet, Passport to the Pub: The Tourists' Guide to Pub Etiquette, a customers' code of conduct for those wanting to sample "a central part of British life and culture". The trouble is that if you do not follow the local rules, the experience may fall flat. For example, if you are in a big group, it is best if only one or two people go to buy the drinks. Nothing irritates the regular customers and bar staff more than a gang of strangers blocking all access to the bar while they chat and dither about what to order.
British Pub Culture
访问英国的人会发现传统英国酒吧是最能领略当地文化的地方。但对于初来乍到的异国人来说，这些友善的酒吧却犹如潜藏着有惹事危险的"地雷区"。
一位人类学家和一组研究人员揭示了某些鲜为人知的英国酒吧文化。人们首先遇到的困难是从买酒开始的。大多数英国酒吧都没有酒保，你得到吧台去买酒。一伙意大利年轻人等了三刻钟才明白他们得自己去买。这听上去似乎让人觉得不方便，可却有它深刻的内涵。
在因其冷漠而出名的英国社会里，酒吧文化的形成是为了促进社会交往。排队的时候可以和其他等待买酒的人交谈。在英伦诸岛上，和陌生人亲切地交谈被认为是完全适宜的正常行为的唯一场所可能就是吧台了?你如果没去过酒吧，那就等于没有到过英国。"这个忠告可在名为《酒吧护照：旅游者酒吧仪俗指南》
的小册子中找到，它对那些想要领略"英国生活和文化核心部分"的人是一种行为准则。问题是如果你不入乡随俗的话，你将一无所获。譬如说，你们若是团体前往，那最好是一个或两个人前去买酒。酒吧常客和酒保最腻味的就是一大伙人一边聊着一边又优柔寡断不知喝什么酒好，把通往吧台的路给堵住。
一.Words (见单词表下同) 二.Phrases.
1.eating habits/ develop healthy eating habits 饮食习惯/培养健康的饮食习惯 2. give advice /make suggestions/ask for advice / take advice /follow advice; 提意见/征求意见/采纳意见 3. junk food /healthy food 垃圾食品/健康食品4. give reasons for sth.给出某事的理由 5. contain a lot of vitmins/protein/calcium/fibre 包含大量的维生素/蛋白质/矿物质/纤维素
6.be careful with 注意某事物7. a bit green/longer有点儿生/时间有点长 8. nothing serious 没什么严重的9. get some rest休息一会儿 10. take this medicine three times a day这些药一天服三次 11. advise sb. to do /not to do sth. 建议某人做/不做某事12. in the future将来in future 从今以后13. take/eat snacks 吃零食14. no longer 不再15. traditional diets 传统饮食
16. for the 21st-century person 对于21世纪的人来说17. keep up with 跟上18. the high pace of modern life 现代生活的快节奏19. make choices作出选择 20. build our body 构建我们的身体21. be good for对..有好处
22.get from bread/eating vegetables…从面包/吃蔬菜中获得23.help our body fight disease 帮助我们的身体抵抗疾病24. (be) based on 以..为依据
25. become part of 成为..的一部分26. become vegetarians/vegans成为素食主义者/严格的素食主义者 27. environmentally friendly food 环保食品28. eco-food 生态食品29. without chemicals不施化学物质30. be harmful to （human beings）对（人类）有害31. offer advice提供建议 32. become smarter/healthier/more beautifu变得更加聪明/健康/漂亮33.spend…in doing sth /spend …doing sth. 花费..做某事34. keep a balanced diet保持平衡饮食 35. in the right amounts用适当的数量 36.lose weight 减肥37. go on unhealthy diets 进行不健康的节食38. eat less fat and sugar and exercise more少吃脂肪和糖份,多锻炼 39. look fine 看上去很健康40.keep fit 保持健康41. make sb. sleepy让..想睡觉 42. keep sb. from feeling cold 使某人不受寒43. now and then时而 44. a bar of chocolate 一块巧克力45. taste great 尝起来味道很好46. keep us going让我们的身体正常运行 47. practise our cooking skills练习我们的厨艺
三. Patterns 1.I think that the ice cream is junk food because it has a lot of fat and sugar./I think that vegetables are healthy food because they contein lots of vitmins. 我认为冰激凌是垃圾食品因为它内含很多的糖份和脂肪/我觉得蔬菜是健康食品因为他们包含大量的维生素.
2I’ve got a pain here.This place hurts.我这儿疼 3.There’s something seriously wrong with my back/my knee/ my arm.我的背/膝盖/手臂有很麻烦的问题4. I don’t feel well .我感觉不舒服 5. Lie down and let me examine you 躺下来,让我检查一下 6. Let me have a look .让我看看
7. Where does it hurt? 哪儿疼?
8. Drink plenty of water and get some rest.多喝水,休息一会儿.
9. Choosing what to eat is no longer as easy as it once was.选择吃什么不再象以前那样容易.
10. Our eating habits have changed, as has our way of life.我们的饮食习惯已经改变了,正如我们的生活方式发生了改变一样.
11. The best way to make sure that we will and look fine is to develop healthy eating habits.(不定式作表语)
12.Only in that way will we be ready for the challenges and opportunities in life.(Only+时间/条件/方式/地点状语位于句首时,主句部分倒装)
13. Most fruits are naturally sweet and we can eat them just the way they are—all we have to do is clean or peel them.(主语有“do”,表语的不定式要省去“to”)
Unit 14 Festivals
一.Words 二Phrases.
1. celebrate Mardi Gras by dressing up and watching parades通过乔装打扮和观看游行队伍来庆祝”油腻的礼拜二” 2. go on egg hunts去寻找彩蛋 3.learn about happiness /friendship /peace /nature了解幸福/友谊/和平
/大自然 4. hear about 听说5. a seven-day festival一个为期七天的节日 6. get together集聚 7.greet the new year迎接新年 8. think about the past 思考过去9. have a long history and a rich culture 有悠久的历史和丰富的文化10. create a new festival 创造一个新的节日11. celebrate their history and culture/harvest/past/the new year庆祝他们的历史和文化/丰收/过去/新年 12. use ..for 用..来做.. (use animals for such experiments)13. have many things in common有很多相同的 14. give thanks for their harvests and for life感激丰收感激生活 15. honour/ remember one’s ancestors纪念某人的祖先 16. as well as也,还,和 17. build unity of family / our own lives /our community / factories / our future 让家庭和睦/建设我们自己的生活/建设我们的社区/工厂/未来18. think for 为…考虑19.speak for.. 为…说话20. do as much as we can我们尽力做…21. believe in our family信任我们的家人 23. the day after Christmas Day 圣诞节过后的一天24. enjoy the spirit of the holidays享受节日的气氛 25. without commercial activities摆脱商业活动 26. light a candle 点燃一根蜡烛27. gather to enjoy a large meal 一起吃一顿团圆饭28. keep our culture alive让我们的文化保持活力29. give away red eggs赠送红鸡蛋 30. play a trick on开某人的玩笑 31. make peace 讲和32. treat sb. to a nice lunch 请..吃午餐 33. look into eyes凝视某人 34. be taken in 上当,受骗 35,the theme of the festival 节日的主题
三．Patterns
1.The festival is celebrated in March or April.
2.The festival is celebrated by dressing up and watching parades.(通过乔装打扮和观看游行)
3.No fighting or conflicts are allowed 不允许打架和争斗.
4.People must only do things that will make others happy. 人们只能做让他人开心的事情.
5.No pollution or destruction of nature is allowed不允许污染和破坏大自然.
6.People learn and talk about peace/happiness /friendship/nature.人们了解和谈论和平…
7.The week following Christmas Day, many Afican—American families get together to greet the new year and think about the past.(ing形式作定语) 圣诞节过后的一周, 许多非裔美国人聚集在一起迎接新年并思考过去.
8.The festivals were a way to celebrate history and culture, as well as the new year.节日是一种庆祝历史和文化,还有新年的一种方式.
9.We must do as much as we can to make our community better and more beautiful.我们得尽可能地把我们的社区建设得更好更美丽.
10.Kwanzaa is a time for learning as well as joy.宽扎节既是喜庆的时刻,又是学习的机会.
11.Each time we celebrate a festival , it changes a little and in that way we keep our culture alive.每次庆祝节日,都会有一点儿变化,这样我们的文化发展才有生机.
12.The festivals help us understand who we are,remember where we come from, and share our hopes for a happy future.节日帮助我们了解自己,记住我们的根, 分享对幸福未来的希望.
13.Earth Day is a celebration of life and our planet…地球日是一个赞颂生命和地球的节日.
14.It is a reminder that we need to care about the world we live in and that we should learn to respect life and nature.它提醒我们要关心我们赖以生存的地球,学会尊重生命和大自然.
15.The best trick is one that makes everyone laugh, including the “fool”. 最高明的手法是能使“愚人”在内的所有人都笑的那一种。
Unit 15 The necklace
一.Words二.Phrases
1.What’s missing=What’s lost?什么不见了?
2.solve the mystery 解决这个谜团3.all day整天 4. get dark (天)渐渐暗下来了5. spend the night in the old tower在这座古老的城堡里度过一晚 6. a scary place 一个吓人的地方7. a funny thing一件有趣的事情 8.walk towards her向/朝她走过来 9.know each other very well 相互很熟10. ten years of hard work十年的艰辛劳动 11. one afternoon ten years ago 十年前的一个下午12.be invited to a ball 被邀请去参加一个舞会13.borrow some jewellery借一些珠宝 14. accept the invitation 接受邀请15. after all 毕竟,要知道16. Does that matter?那很要紧吗? 17. will be wearing jewellery 将会佩戴一些珠宝18.marry a man with a lot of money 嫁给了一个有钱人
19.call on sb/drop in on sb拜访某人 ;call at sp/drop in at sp.拜访某地
20.bring out all your jewellery 拿出你所有的珠宝21.it was hard to choose很难选择 22.a diamond necklace with a big blue stone in the centre 中间有一颗蓝色宝石的钻石项链23.try it on 试着带上它24. look beautiful on you 穿在你身上很漂亮25. the last moment of happines 最后的幸福时光26. look down 低头看;~on sb. 轻视某人27.rush back to sp.迅速跑回某地
28.bring back归还 29.be exactly like很象 30. day and night 夜以继日31 pay for sth ;偿还 pay off the debts;还清债务32.be worth 100yuan值100元; be worth doing 值得(做)33.there’s no reply 没人回答34. be terribly busy 很忙35.that much=so much那样(多) 36.act out a story演出一个故事
37.come up with a good idea 想出一个好主意38.Life is like theatre,and theatre is like life人生如戏,戏如人生.
三.Patterns 1.The window is open / closed. / broken.窗户开着/关着/坏了 2. I don’t think I know you( 注意否定前移)我想我不认识你. 3. I didn’t recognize you(刚才)我没认出你. 4.I look older than my age. 我看上去比我的实际年龄要大5.That has been my life for the past ten years 那就是我在刚过去的十年的生活.6. It can’t be true.不会是真的 7.After all, this ball is very important. 毕竟,这场舞会是非常重要的 8. I was the only person in my office who was invited. (先行词被the only修饰时,定语从句谓语用单数)我是我们办公室唯一受到邀请的/I can’t be the only woman who isn’t wearing jewellery. 我不能成为舞会上唯一不戴珠宝的人. 9. Everybody will be wearing jewellery. (将来进行时只强调将来的客观事实)每个人都将戴着珠宝10. You told me I could take anything I liked. 你让我选择任意我所喜欢的
11. It cost us 36 thousand francs!它花费了我们三万六千法郎
12.You have some characters playing different roles and acting out a story. 你让一些任务扮演角色并且演出一个故事
四.Grammar .见语法部分—情态动词的用法
Unit 16 Scientists at work
一.Words二.Phrases
1.the name of the school这个学校的名称2. be careful smelling from bottles从瓶子里面闻(气味)的时候要小心 3. get into your eyes 进入到你的眼睛里4. before leaving the lab 离开实验室的之前5. a high-speed maglev train高速磁悬浮列车 6. in one’s opinion在某人看来 7.It’s a waste of money / energy. (这)是浪费钱/精力8. Flying is just as fast. 坐飞机也是一样的快9. make some noise 发出噪声10. make full/good/best/more use of 充分 / 更好地利用11. conduct /do/ make/ perform/carry out a number of experiments 做试验12. wait for bad weather 等待糟糕的天气13. take my condenser to a shed in the fields 我把电容器搬到野外的棚子里14.fly high in the rainy sky在雨空中飞得很高 15. see some of the hairs on the string stand up看到(风筝上的)细毛竖起来了16. get charged 充电;become charged充好电 17. feel a light but clear electric shock感到一阵轻微而明显的电击18. a great deal of electricity大量的电荷 19. store electricity储存电能 20. (will) tear soon很快(会)撕破;tear easily 容易撕破21. in weather with rain and strong winds在有大风大雨的天气里 22. make a small cross of two pieces of light wood用两根轻木料做成十字骨架 23. tie…to把..栓/系在..上面
24. add…to…把…加到…里面/上面 ;add to…增添…; add up to…加起来是…
25. fasten…to…把…扎紧在…上面26. protect sb. from sth. /doing sth.保护某人不受..伤害 27. ..a thunderstorm appear to be coming on 一场雷阵雨将要来临 28.take care that—clause注意… 29.conduct electricity 导电
30.charge + money + for sth/ doing sth. 某事/做某事要价(多少)31. charge into the shop冲入商店 32. too deep to cross 太深而不能过去 33. the sharp sense of smell/ hearing/feeling 很敏锐的嗅觉/听觉/感觉34. a sharp pain in one’s stomach 胃部剧痛35.tear down 拆毁36. in tears 眼含泪水
37. tie one’s shoes 系鞋子38. be important for the development of new medicines 对开发新药至关重要39. British law says that英国法律规定… 40. be tested on 在…上面进行实验41. animal rights activists 动物权利保护者们42. work with animals /humans 对动物/人起作用43 .against diseases 抵抗疾病44. become skilled 提高技术45. There’s no doubt that...毫无疑问…,无疑… 46. fight for animal rights为动物权利而斗争 47. have no right to use/kill animals 没有权利使用/杀害动物 48. get painkillers 服用
止痛药
三.Patterns
1. What is to be done when anything gets into your eyes?当眼睛里有异物进入时该怎么办?
2.The money would be better spent building more roads or railways in other parts of China.这些钱最好用来在中国其他地区建设更多的公路和铁路. 3. It’s good for economy.对经济有好处 It’s important for science. 对科学有好处It’s dangerous or bad for your health/ environment.对健康/环境有危险/坏处
4. It can help many people in the future在未来能帮助很多人
5. It’s clean and does not pollute the air.(它)很清洁,不污染空气
6. It brings people more comfort. 能让人们更加舒服
7.Some people will use it for other things. 有人会用它来做其他的事情
8. Having realised that I could use a kite to attract lightning,I decided to do an experiment. (having done(在先),主语+谓语(在后).意识到我可以用一个风筝来吸引雷电,我决定做一个实验.
9.The experiment shows/ proves that lightning and electricity are the same. 实验表明雷电和电是同一回事.
10. There’s a high chance that it also workes with people.很可能对人也起作用. 11.There are laws to protect animals.有法律保护动物.
Unit 17. Great women
一.Words 二. Phrases
1.the reasons why we admire great women我们欣赏伟大女性的原因 2. be known for 因为..而闻名3. know about/of (间接)了解;know知道,认识 4. inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事5 twice as difficult 两倍难6 be like
water and fire象水与火 7.the first to do 第一个做..的人8.What else but a journey..除了一次旅行还能做其他什么事情呢? 9. a 400-mile journey一次400英里的旅行 10. at the opposite of the shop 在商店的对面11. a journey of challenge and danger 充满挑战和冒险的旅行12. be about to 正要13. The wind was icy 风是刺骨的寒14 (be) just around the corner 就要来临15. struggle though stormy weather与暴风雪天气拼搏 16.find myself spengding a whole day in my tent 我整天躲在帐篷里17. put my tent up( for shelter)支起帐篷避风 18. threaten to blow me away象要把我卷走
19. die down平息 20. make that day special 使它成为特殊的日子21. over the fire在火上 ;on fire 着火22. at the top of one’s voice 高声地23. without warming /regret毫无预兆遗憾 24. drop out 掉下,辍学25. fall into a hole掉进洞里26. practise self rescue自救训练27 be thankful for 感激…28 in good health=healthy 29. stand on one’s left leg 左腿站立30. struggle to one’s knees挣扎着爬起来 31. lie down躺下 32. out of the cold wind 避开寒风33.make a decision 做决定t34. value the experience珍视这次经历 35. be optimistic about sth对..很乐观. 36. take shelter under a big tree在一棵大树下避风/雨37. keep world peace保持世界和平 38. make it possible to do sth.使得做…可能 39. come to terms with 甘于忍受 40. hold no promise 毫无指望
三. Patterns
1. It has often been said that life is difficult as itis人们常常说现实生活已经够艰难的了It’s more difficult for women to become famous or get jobs in high positions 对于女性来说,要成名或获得高职位就更难了 .2. What has become of her? 她怎么样了? 3.She seems to be the kind of woman who… 4.The impression she makes on me is … 5.I think she is the of person who .. 6. I had travelled only two hours one day when the winds increased to a howling storm.我刚走两个小时,风骤然加大
7.Lying on the ice ,I would soon die. 躺在冰上,很快会冻死的 8…hard work and discipline can lead to self-improvement./Hard work and discipline are the road to self-improvement.艰苦奋斗和严守纪律是自我完善的途径.