有机化学英文词汇
常见有机化学词汇
Angular methyl group 角甲基Alkylidene group 亚烷基Allyl group 烯丙基Allylic 烯丙型[的]Aryl group 芳基
Activating group 活化基团Auxochrome 助色团
Acyl cation 酰[基]正离子Arenirm ion 芳[基]正离子Aci form 酸式
Asymmetric atom 不对称原子Asymmetric carbon 不对称碳Absolute configuration 绝对构型Achiral 非手性[的]
Anomer 端基[差向]异构体Anti conformation 反式构象
Anti periplanar conformation 反叠构象Atropismer 阻转异构体Axial bond 直[立]键Aromaticity 芳香性
Aromatic sexter 芳香六隅Antiaromaticity 反芳香性
Alternant hydrocarbon 交替烃Antarafacial reaction 异面反应Ambident 两可[的]
Acid-base catalyxed reaction 酸性溶剂Acid-base catalyzed reaction 酸碱催化反应Anomeric effect 端基异构效应
Aromatic nucleophilic substitu-tion 芳香亲核取代
Anti-Markovnikov addition 反马氏加成Addition-elimination mechanism 加成消除机理
Apofacial reaction 反面反应Aryl action 芳正离子
Anti-Zaitsev orientation 反札依采夫定向Anionic cleavage 负离子裂解Alkylation 烷基化Arylation 芳基化Acylation 酰化
Amination 氨基化acyloxyation 酰氧基化
Allylic halogenation 烯丙型卤化Additive dimerization 加成二聚
Alkylolysis,alkyl cleavage 烷基裂解Acylolysis,acyl cleavage 酰基裂解Alcoholysis 醇解
Aminomethylation 氨甲基化Aldol condensation 羟醛缩合Acyloin condensation 偶姻缩合Annulation,annelation 增环反应Autoxidation 自氧化
Allylic hydroperoxylation 烯丙型氢过氧化Aromatization 芳构化Abstraction 夺取[反应]Aminomercuration 氨汞化Allylic migration 烯丙型重排Allylic migration 烯丙型迁移Acyl rearrangement 酰基重排Anionotropy 负离子转移
Anionotropic rearrangement 负离子转移重排
Aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物Alkane 烷Alkene 烯Alkyen 炔
Acetylide 炔化物
Active hydrogen compounds 活泼氢化合物Allene 丙二烯
Alkyl halide 卤代烷Alcohol 醇Amine 胺
Amine oxide 氧化胺Aldehyde 醛
Aldehyde hydrate 醛水合物Acetal 缩醛Aminal 缩醛胺Aldimine 醛亚胺Aldimine 醛肟Azine 嗪
Acyl halide 酰卤Acyl fluoride 酰氟Acyl chloride 酰氯Acyl rtomide 酰溴Acyl iodide 酰碘
Acyl tosylate 酰基对甲苯磺酸酐Acyl peroxide 酰基过氧化物Amide 酰胺
Acyl azide 酰叠氮Amidine 脒
Acyl cyanide 酰腈
Allophanate 脲基甲酸酯Amino acid 氨基酸Aldol 羟醛Acyloin 偶姻Aldose 醛糖Aglycon 苷元Alditol 糖醇
Alicyclic compound 脂环化合物Aromatic compound 稠环化合物Arene 芳香化合物Alkylbenzene 芳烃Aiaryl 联苄Acene 并苯Aryne 芳炔Annulene 烨烯Azulene ？
Alkaloid 生物碱
Azoxy compound 氧化偶氮化合物Azlactone 二氢？唑酮Azepine 氮杂？Arsine 胂
Arsenic ylide 砷叶立德Azo cimpound 偶氮化物Benzyl group 苄基Benzylic 苄型[的]
Bridged-ring system 桥环体系Benzylic cation 苄[基]正离子Bisecting conformation 等分构象Boat conformation 船型构象Banana bond 香蕉键Basic solvent 碱性溶剂B strain 后张力
Bimolecular nucleophilic sub-stitution 双分
子亲核取代
Bimolecular nucleophilic substi-tution(withallylic rearrange-ment) 双分子亲核取代（含烯丙型重排）
Bimolecular electrophilic substi-tution 双分子亲电取代
Bimolecular elimination through the
conjugate base 双分子共轭碱消除
Bimolecular elimination 双分子消除
Bimolecular elimination with for-mation of a carbonyl group 双分子羰基形成消除
Bimolecular base-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavage
双分子碱催化酰氧断裂
Bimllecular base-catalyzed al-kyl-oxygen cleavage
双分子碱催化烷氧断裂
Borderline mechanism 边理机理Backside attack 背面进攻
Briddgehead displacement 桥头取代Benzyne 苯炔
Bredt rule 布雷特规则Bisamination 双氨基化
Bimolecular reduction 双分子还原
Benzilic rearrangement 二苯乙醇酸重排Betaine 甜菜碱Bibenzyl 烷基苯Biphenyl 联芳Biphenyl 联苯Benzvalene 盆苯Barrelene 桶烯Benzoin 苯偶姻Benzil 偶苯酰
Chromophore 生色团Common ring 普通环Conjugation 共轭
Conjugated-system 共轭体系Configuration 构型Chirality 手性Chiral 手性[的]
Chiral center 手性中心Chiral molecule 手性分子
Cahn-Ingold-Prelon sequence 顺序规则Cis-trans isomerism 顺反异构Conformation 构象
Conformational 构象分析
Conformational inversion 构象反转Chair conformation 椅型构象Cisoid conformation 顺向构象Conformer 构象异构体
Conformational effect 构象效应Cram’srube 克拉姆规则
Conformational transmission 构象传递Cross conjugation 交叉共轭Conrotatory 顺旋Cycloaddition 环加成
Coordinate-covalent bond 配位共价键Conjugate base 共轭酸Conjugate base 共轭碱
Counrer[gegen]ion反荷离子Carbocation 碳正离子Carbanion 碳负离子Carbenoid 卡宾体Carbene 卡宾Carbine 碳炔
C-alkylation C-烷基化
Carbalkoxylation 烷氧羰基化Carboamidation 氨羰基化Carboxylation 羧基化
Cine substitution 移位取代Chlorosulfonation 氯磺酰化Chlorosulfenation 氯亚磺酰化Coupling reaction 偶联反应
Cross-coupling reaction 交叉偶联反应Conjugate addition 共轭加成carbonylation 羧基化
Cyanoethylation 氰乙基化Chiletropic reaction 螯键反应Chelation 螯环化
Cyanomethylation 氰甲基化Cholromethylation 氯甲基化Condensation 缩合
Cross aldol condensation 交叉羟醛缩合Cyclization 环化
Catalytic hydrogenation 催化氢化Catalytic dehydrogenation 催化脱氢Cationotropic rearrangement 正离子转移重排
Carbon acid 碳氢酸Ccumulene 累积多烯Cellosolve 溶纤剂Crown ether 冠醚Cyanohydrin 羟腈Carboxylic acid 羧酸
Carbobenzoxy chloride 苄氧甲酰氯Carbon suboxide 二氧化三碳Carbammic acid 氨基甲酸Carbamate 氨基甲酸酯Cyanamide 氨腈
Carbodiimide 碳二亚胺Carbohydrate 碳水化合物Cycloalkene 环烷Cage compound 螺烷Catenane 轮烷cyclophane 环芳Chalcone 查耳酮Chloroborane 氯硼烷carotene 胡萝卜素
Charge-transfer spectrum 电荷转移光谱Chemical shift reagent 化学位移试剂Circularly polarized light 圆偏振光Cotton effect 卡滕效应
Chiron,chiral building block 手性子Chiral induction 手性诱导Chiral reagent 手性试剂Chiral catalyst 手性催化剂Chiral solvent 手性溶剂
Chiral auxiliary [reagent]手性助剂Convergent synthesis 汇集合成Diastereotopic 非对映异位[的]
D-L system of nomenclatureD-L 命名体系Diastereomer 非对映[异构]体Delocalezed bond 离域键
Diamagnetic ring cruuent 抗磁环电流Disroatatory 对旋
Dielectric constant 介电常数Diaxial addition 双直键加成Deactivating group 钝化基团Demethylation 脱甲基化
Decarboxylative nitration 脱羧卤化
Dehalogenation 脱卤
Decarboxylative nitration 脱羧硝化Nitrosation 亚硝化
Desulfonation 脱磺酸基Diazotization 重氮化
Diazo transfer 重氮基转移Diazonium coupling 重氮偶联Dimerization 二聚Decarbonylation 脱羰
Decyanoethylation 脱氰乙基Diene synthesis 双烯合成Dienophile 亲双烯体
Diels-Alder reaction 第尔斯-尔德反应Dipolar addition 偶极加成
Dehydrohalogenation 脱卤化氢Deamination 脱氨基Decarboxylation 脱羧
Decarboxamidation 脱酰胺Decyanation 脱氰基
Dissolving metal reduction 溶解金属还原Deoxygenation 脱氧Desulfurization 脱硫Deselenization 脱硒
Double bond migration 双键移位Diene 双烯Diyne 二炔
Diazoalkane 重氮烷Detone 酮
Dithiane 二噻烷
Dewar benzene 杜瓦苯
Diazo compound 重氮化合物Diazohydroxide 重氮氢氧化物Diketopiperazine 哌嗪二酮Diazine 二嗪Diterpene 二萜
Diasteromeric excess,de 非对映体过量Enantiotopic 对映异位[的]Enantiomer 对映[异构]体Epimer 差向异构体
Erythro configuration 赤型构型Erythro isomer 赤型异构体E isomerE 异构体
Endo isomer 内型异构体Exo isomer 外型异构体
Eclipsed conformation 重叠构象
Envelope conformation 信封[型]构象Equatorial bond 平[伏]键
Electrocyclic rearrangement 电环[化]重排Electrical effect 电场效应
Electron donof-acceptor complex,EDAcomplex 电子给[体]受体络合物Eclipsing effect 重叠效应Eclipsing strain 重叠张力
Electrophilic addition 亲电加成Electrophile 亲电体
Electrophilic aromatic substitu-tion 亲电芳香取代
Electron transfer 电子转移
Electron-donating group 给电子基团
Electron-Withdrawing group 吸电子基团Electrofuge 离电体
Exhaustive methylation 彻底甲基化Ethylation 乙基化
Endo addition 内型加成Exo addition 外型加成Ene synthesis 单烯合成elimination 消除
Elimination-addition 消除-加成Esterification 酯化Ethanolysis 乙醇解Enolization 烯醇化Epoxidation 环氧化
Electrochemical oxidation 电化学氧化Electrochemical reduction 电化学还原Electrophilic rearrangement 亲电重排Enyne 烯炔Ether 醚
Epoxide 环氧化物Enol 烯醇
Enol ether 烯醇醚Enol ester 烯醇酯Ester 酯
Enantiomeric excess,ee 对映体过量Fluxional structure 循变结构Fischer projection 费歇尔投影式Field effect 场效应F strain 前张力
Flash pyrolysis 闪热裂Fragmentation 碎裂
Forbidden transition 禁阻跃迁Fluorene 芴fulvene 富烯Furan 呋喃Flavone 黄酮Ferocene 二铁
Formal synthesis 中继合成
Gauche conformation, skew con-formation 邻位交叉构象Guest 客体
Glycidic acid 环氧丙酸Glycol 二醇Glycoside 糖苷
Glucoside 葡[萄]糖苷
Grignard reagent 格氏试剂Helical molecule 螺旋型分子Homotopic 等位[的]Heterotopic 异位[的]
Half-chair conformation 半椅型构象Homolog 同系物
Hyperconjugation 超共轭Huckel’rule休克尔规则Homoaromaticity 同芳香性Host 主体
Hammond postulate 哈蒙德假说Homochiral 纯手性[的]Homolysis 均裂Heterolysis 异裂
Heterolytic michanism 异裂机理Hofmann’srule 霍夫曼规则Hydroxylation 羟基化Hydroboration 硼氢化
Hydroformylation 加氢甲酰基化Hydroacylation 加氢酰化
Hydrocarboxylation 氢羧基化Homologization 同系化
Hydroxymethylation 羟甲基化Hydroxyalkylation 羟烷基化Haloalkylation 卤烷基化Haloform reaction 卤仿反应
Heterogeneous hydrogenation 多相氢化
Homogeneous hydrogenation 均相氢化Hydrogenolysis 氢解
Hydrometallation 氢金属化
Homosigmatropic rearrangement 同迁移重排
Hpdrocarbon 碳氢化合物Homoallylic alcohol 高烯丙醇Hydrazone 腙Hydrazide 酰肼
Hydantion 乙内酰脲Helicene 螺旋烃
Hydrazo compound 氢化偶氮化物Hydroquinone 氢醌
Heterocyclic compound 杂环化合物Isomerism 异构[现象]Ipso position 本位
Isovalent hyperconjugation 等价超共轭Inductive effect 诱导效应
Imine-enamine atutomerism 亚胺-烯胺互变异构
Inverse isotope effect 逆同位素效应Intermediate 中间体I strain 内张力
Isoinversion 等反转Isoracemization 等消旋
Internal nucleophilic substiru-tion 分子内亲核取代Ion pair 离子对Internal return 内返Inversion 反转Insertion 插入imine 亚胺Isonitrile 异腈Imide 二酰亚胺Indene 茚
Imidazole 咪唑
Isoquinoline 异喹啉Isoflavone 异黄酮Large ring 大环
Laevo isomer 左旋异构体Leois structure 路易斯结构Linear free energy 线性自由能Large angle strain 大角张力Leaving group 离去基团
Lithiation 锂化Lactone 内酯Lactol 内半缩醛Lactam 内酰胺Lipid 类脂
Linear synthesis 线性合成
Magnetically anisotropic group 磁各向异性基团Medium rimg 中环
Mirror symmetry 镜面对称Meso compound 内消旋化合物Meta position 间位Para position 对位
Molecular orbiral method 分子轨道法Mesomeric effect 中介效应Mobius system 默比乌斯体系Mechanism 机理
Masked carbanion 掩蔽碳负离子
Markovnikov’srube 马尔科夫尼科规则Michael addition 迈克尔加成
Meta directing group 间位定位基Mitallation 金属化Mercuration 汞化
Migratory aptitude 迁移倾向Migration 迁移Mercaptan 硫醇Macrolide 大环内酯Monoterpene 单萜
Neoman projection 纽曼投影式No-bond resonance 无键共振
Non-alternant hydrocarbon 非交替烷Non-bonded interaction 非键相互作用Nonclassical carbocation 非经典碳正离子Nitrene 氮宾
Nucleophilic reaction 亲核反应Nucleophilicity 亲核体Nucleofuge 离核体
Neighboring group participation 邻基基参与
Neighboring proup assistance,anchimeric assistance 邻助作用
Neighboring group effect 邻基效应N-alkylationN-烷基化Nitration 硝化
Netro compound 硝基化合物Nitrile 腈
Nitrile oxide 氧化腈
N-bromo compound N-溴化物Nitrogen ylide 氮叶立德
Octahedral compound 八面体化合物Optical activity 光学活性Quasi recemate 准外消旋体Ortho position 邻位Orinentation 取向
Ortho-para directing group 邻对位定位基Ortho effect 邻位效应O-alkylation O-烷基化Oxyamination 羟氨基化Oxo process 羰基合成Oxonolysis 臭氧解
Oxidative decarboxylation 氧化脱羧Oxymercuration 羟汞化Oxime 肟
Oxime 亚硝基化合物orthoester 原酸酯Oligosaccharide 寡糖Osazone 脎Oxazine 嗪
Organometallic 有机金属化合物Optical purity 光学纯度Optical induction 光学诱导Spiroannulation 螺增环
Prototropic rearrangement 质了转移重排Pinacol rearrangement 频哪醇重排Prototropy 质子转移
Photosensitization 光敏化photooxidation 光氧化
Photoisomerization 光异构化
Photochemical rearrangement 光化学重排Paraffin wax 石蜡Peracid 过酸Perester 过酸酯Peptide 肽
Pyranose 吡喃糖Polysaccharide 多糖Propellane 笼型化合物Pyrrole 吡咯
Pyrazole 吡唑Porphyrin 卟啉Pyridene 吡啶Piperidine 哌啶Phosphine 膦
Phosphonium salt 膦盐Phosphorus ylide 磷叶立德Phospholipid 磷脂Pheromone 信息素
Phytohormone 植物激素Polarized light 偏振光Partial synthesis 部分合成Protecting group 保护基Phenyl group 苯基Quinhydrone 醌
Quinhydrone 醌氢醌Quinoline 喹啉
Radical ion 自由基离子
Radical cation 自由基正离子Radical anion 自由基负离子
R-S syytem of nomenclatureR-S 命名体系Racemic mixture 外消旋混合物Racemic compound 外消旋化合物
Racemic solid solution 外消旋固体溶液Rotamer 旋转异构体
Retention of configuration 构型保持Regioselectivity 区域选择性Regiospecificity 区域专一性Resonance 共振
Resonance effect 共振效应
Reactive intermediate 活泼中间体Restricted rotation 阻碍旋转Racemization 外消旋化Ring clsure 环合
Retro Diels-Alder reaction 逆第尔斯-阿尔德反应
Retrograde aldol condensation 逆羟醛缩合Reductive alkylation 还原烷基化Reductive acylation 还原酰化Reductive dimerization 还原二聚Rearrangement 重排
Ring contraction 环缩小[反应]
Ring expansion,ring enlargement 扩环[反应]
Rotazane 螺桨烷Rused ring 索烃
Retrosynthesis 逆合成Relay synthesis 接替合成Spiro compound 螺环化合物Stereochemistry 立体化学
Stereoisomerism 立体异构[现象]Symmetry factor 对称因素Si faceSi 面
Synperiplanar conformation 顺叠构象Synclinal conformation 反错构象Synclinal conformation 顺错构象
Staggered conformation 对位交叉构象Steric effect 空间效应Steric hindrance 位阻
Skew boat conformation 扭船型构象Stereocelectivity 立体选择性Stereospecificty 立体专一性
Stereochemical orientation 立体[化学]取向
Symmetry forbidden-reaction 对称禁阻反应
Synfacial reaction 同面反应Solvent effect 溶剂效应
Solvated electron 溶剂化电子
Secondary isotope effect 二级同位数效应Substrate 底物
Small-angle strain 小角张力Substitution 取代Silylation 硅烷[基]化
Seco alkylation 断裂烷基化Sulfonation 磺化
Sulfenylation 亚磺酰化Sulfonylation 磺酰化sulfurization 硫化Selenylation 硒化Saponification 皂化
Single electron transfer 单电子转移
Semipinacol rearrangement 半频哪醇重排Sigmatropic rearrangement-迁移重排Super acid 超酸Sulfonic acid 磺酸Sulfoxide 亚砜
Sulfone 砜
Semicarbazone 缩氯基脲Saccharide 糖类Spirane 环烯Sydnone 悉尼酮
Sulfur ylide 硫叶立德Sesquiterpene 倍半萜Steroid 甾族化合物Sex hormone 性激素Specific rotation 比旋光Synthesis 合成Synthon 合成子
Tetrahedral configuration 四面体构型Threo configuration 苏型构型Threo isomer 苏型异构体Trigonal carbon 三角型碳Torsion angle 扭转角
Twist conformation 扭型构象Transoid conformation 反向构象Trigonal hybridization 三角杂化Tautomerization 互变异构化tautomerism 互变异构
Thermodynamic control 热力学控制Therm odynamic acidity 热力学酸度Torsional effect 扭转效应
Transannular interaction 跨环相互作用Transannular strain 跨环张力Transamination 氨基交换Trimefization 三聚
Transesterification 酯交换Transacetalation 缩醛交换
Transfer hydrogenation 转移氢化Transannular insertion 跨环插入
Transannular rearrangement 跨环重排Triene 三烯
Thioester 硫代酸酯Thiol acid 硫羰酸Triazole 三唑Triazine 三嗪Thiazole 噻唑Terpene 萜
Triterpene 三萜
Tandem reaction sequence 连续反应过程Topochemistry 拓扑化学
Unimolecular nucleophilic 单分子亲核取代Unimolecular electrophilic sub-stitution 单分子亲电取代
Unimolecular elimination 单分子消除Unimolecular elimination through the conjugate base 单分子共轭碱消除Unimolecular acid-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavage 单分子酸催化酰氧断裂
Unimolecular acid-catalyzed alkyl-oxygen cleavage 单分子酸催化烷氧断裂Umbrella effect 伞效应Umpolung 极反转
Valence bond method 价键法Vinylog 插烯物
Valence tautomerism 价互变异构Walden inversion 瓦尔登反转Wax 蜡
Ylide 叶立德Ynamin 炔胺
Z isomer Z 异构体
Zaitsev rule 札依采夫规则Zwitterions 两性离子