美国科幻电影发展史英文版介绍

美国科幻电影发展史英文版介绍

As one can conclude from the term science-fiction movie, these films have a background of an advanced, fictional technology that is normally set in the future. Most of these movies have in common that they expose their own vision of the future, with new technologies commonly being the most noticeable change in these hypothetical worlds. Besides visions about all kinds of scientific areas, the given context of this work concentrates particularly on computer interfaces.

As a part of the seminar "Intelligent Spaces" approaches of mainstream science fiction motion pictures are extracted and analysed regarding their references in real-life human computer interaction (HCI) designs. Similarities to ongoing researches will be outlined - especially to those, which are presented by other talks of this seminar that have already taken place. To be able to draw comparisons to reality it is often necessary to view the ideas and visions of a movie on a relatively abstract level.

At first some key factors that determine or influence the design of HCI in movies will be discussed. Starting from this viewpoint numerous examples from selected movies will be observed. Due to the limitation of the material that was at hand, we cannot claim to provide a complete overview of all movies, but the available selection should suffice and allow a representative inspection of the movie scene.

We will start with a review of movies that do not show any concepts at all or merely adapt common everyday techniques of that time. The second and main part introduces visionary interaction design, divided into different areas of interaction technologies, followed by a brief view at a couple of satiric movie scenes and the conclusions of this work in the end.

First, the 19th to in the 1920s, Hollywood sci-fi growth. 19 century, with the science fiction film of color film also almost and entertainment, was born in France, for example in 1895 "machine", the 1897 butcher "a 20th century surgeon", etc. But these movies, perhaps more like film technology in use of magic. Until 1902 French launched the trip to the moon meili ella record "(Le Voyage dans la Lune), just marked the first real sense of science fiction movie appear. In 1910, European countries, especially France and Britain, it seems that the filming of alien and future war theme befriends the lead on. But with Hollywood studios system's appearance and development, the United States in science fiction film

production, and produced on catching Frankenstein (Frankenstein, 1910, the incarnation Dr Jekyll and "(Dr. Mr. J, 1913) films Hyde, more remarkably in 1916 production of a minister of 105 minutes of the seabed 20,000 miles" (20,000 Leagues Under the Sea), it heralds the beginning of underwater photography. Arrived in the 1920s, the United States and Europe separate. Start sci-fi And Germany "Metropolis" (Metropolis, 1927) and other European science fiction, compared to Hollywood legend of paying more attention to science fiction plot, fast rhythm, breathtaking action and superb stunts. This period Hollywood sci-fi inclue The Lost World "(The World Lost, 1925) and The Mysterious Island (The Mysterious Island, 1929), etc. Second, the 1930s and 1940s, Hollywood sci-fi mature. Start from the 1930s Hollywood science fiction begin with terror, pessimistic preference and romantic colorific mad scientist theme, and began to shoot science fiction movie endless series. For example, this period produced Frankenstein (1931), The scientific weirdo Bride "(The Bride of Frankenstein, 1935) and science screwball Son" (The companies of Frankenstein, 1939), as are The embodiment "series and The xia dr Gordon" series (Flash Gordon). But "The Invisible Man" (The Invisible Man, 1933) and "King Kong" (King Kong, 1933) are masterpieces produced at that time, they continue to develop Hollywood movies in special use and plot arrangement's strengths, and has produced unique program. Arrived in The 1940s, due to The effects of world war ii, Hollywood science fiction in a immobilized but relatively stable state, in this decade is almost always a production befriends formerly, The theme of "following series", for instance, The stealth women "(The Invisible ', 1940)," The Invisible Man Returns "(The Invisible Man Returns, 1940) and" The Invisible Man Revenge record "(The Invisible Man 's Revenge, 1944). However, this also strengthened Hollywood befriends the narrative mode. In 1943, released on "Batman (The Batman), Japanese scientists become evil adversaries, Hollywood science fiction and war propaganda combine together, this also is this period characteristic. Third, the 1950s and 1960s: Hollywood befriends the boom. In the 1950s, perhaps is cold war shrouded in psychological fear shadows to strengthen people's imagination, Hollywood during this period produce a lot of science fiction bestseller, they often in an alien, monster or wars as the theme, also more dependent on the use of stunts. Such as The Day The Earth Stood Still "(The Earth Stood Still, / The 1951), The X radiation" (- 1953), The!, The monster 20,000 Fathoms "(The Beast - 20,000 Fathoms, 1953), The Martian Invasion" (Invaders - Mars, 1953), The alien War Earth "(The court allows of The Worlds, 1953), The stolen corpse invade" (Invasion of The Body Snatchers, 1956), The planets adventure "(Forbidden invest, 1956)," flies "(The Fly, 1958) and tells The nuclear War" (On The seashore ok, 1959), etc. The influence of cold war on Hollywood sci-fi continued in the 1960s, such as in 1968 moon record "(" space with the Countdown) u.s.-soviet arms race for the source of imagination. But it is in the 1960s, produced in the history of science fiction classic 2001: A Space Odyssey (2001: A receiver

by Odyssey, 1968). The British and American films had both in the story line and ideological content or special effects are achieved considerable height. Four, 1970s and 1980s: Hollywood stunt and in science fiction story balance between the age. Special use for Hollywood science fiction character never to be significant, and with the visual effect technology development, the stunt and stories of the tension between gradually began to increase. What do will both perfectly combine? Many directors made their attempt. George Lucas (George Lucas) "THX1138" (THX1138, 1971) and Star Wars (1977), Star altogether, Woody Allen (Woody Allen's sport in the fool with science city "(Sleeper, 1973), Steven Spielberg (Steven Spielberg) Close Encounters of the Third Kind (Close Encounters of the Kind, 1977) and makkah Bradley Scott" aliens "(essential, 1979) is undoubtedly 1970s several successful examples. At the beginning of the 1980s and the 1980s, Hollywood sci-fi special effects for making brings undreamed-of magical experience, and at the same time these science fiction films and provide them a worthy of taste story. Such as George Lucas in 80 years and 83 launched baronial imposing manner of The Star Wars of The Empire Strikes Back, (Star altogether: The foundation trilogy "cross-face drivers) and The Star Wars of The Return of The jedi (Star altogether: pressing of The Jedy), Steven spielberg's smoldering" ET alien "(E.T. The Extra Terrestrial, 1982) -, James Cameron (James Cameron) of The Terminator (The Terminator, 1984), and Robert Zemeckis ze meters Keith (Robert)" Back to The Future "(Back to The Future, 1985), etc. Five, since 1990, Hollywood science fiction in high-tech exploring the way forward along with the computer technology, the application of Hollywood sci-fi started mass rely on computer synthesis images (CGI), and its play extremely, but at the same time ignores the story itself importance. After 1990s Hollywood in science fiction story fareed zakaria, visual effect is in the very great impact, the picture is more exquisite realistic. "Independence day", "Jurassic park" series, Star Wars prequel "first (Star altogether: Episode I - The Phantom through, 1999) and The second part (Star Episode II - STH altogether: of The Clones, 2002) films will cultivate right audience who expensive stunt big occasion even started commonplace to rise. When dizzying computer special effects on the screen tend to glut, Hollywood sci-fi also began to lose their orientation. With the progress of science and technology, Hollywood sci-fi began to explore new themes, such as cloning technology and intelligent robot on human society profound influence.