英语虚拟语气的用法
adequate preparation.
要是我们不做充分的准备,开幕式是不会开得这么成功的。
4. 与将来事实相反的非真实条件句
(1)虚拟语气用在与将来事实相反的条件句中时,条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were),were to或should,结果主句用should(第一人称)或 would(第
二、三人称)+ 动词原形。如:
If it rained on Wednesday, I should stay at home.
如果周三下雨,我会在家里。
(2) 在与将来事实相反的条件句中,其条件从句的谓语也可用were to + 动词原形。这种虚拟式比较正式,多用于书面语中,其假想性很强,实现性很小。如:
If I were to do it, I would do it another way.
要是我来处理这件事,我会换种法子。
5. 情态助动词用于虚拟语气
有不少情态助动词也可用于虚拟语气。如:
May you live a long and happy life.
愿你长寿幸福。(may只用于表示愿望)
If you succeeded, everything should be all right.
如果你以后成功了,什么事会好起来的。
6. were, had, should等置于主语之前
在书面语中,条件从句可以不用连词if,而将谓语中的过去式were,had或 should 等移至主语之前。如:
Were you in my position, what would you do?
假如你处在我的位置,你会怎么做?
Should it rained tomorrow, the meeting would be postponed.
万一明天下雨,会议就会延期。
7. 虚拟语气在含蓄条件句中的用法
(1) 条件暗含在短语中。如:
Without your help, we wouldn’t have achieved so much.
没有你的帮助,我们不可能取得这么大的成绩。
(暗含条件是介词短语without your help)
(2) 条件暗含在上下文中。如:
I would not have done it that way.
我是不会那么做的。(可能暗含if I were you)
8. 省去结果主句的非真实条件句
非真实条件句若省去结果主句,则常表示一种不可能实现的愿望。这种条件句常用if only来引导。如:
If I could see her once.
我只要再见到她一次就好了。
If only she were there.
如果她在那儿就好了。
9. 不用if引导的条件句
非真实条件句的条件从句除用if引导外,还可用when, unless, lest, as if, for fear, in case, on condition that等词语来引导。如:
Unless I were well, I wouldn’t go to school.
除非我身体好了,否则我不会去上学。
Take some more money with you in case you should need it.
多带点儿钱以备急用。
但要注意:与if一样,上述词语所引导的条件从句也可用直陈语气,表可能实现或发生的事。
【专项练习】
1. I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I _____ the book from which it was made.
A. have read B. had read
C. should have read D. are reading
答案:B
2. You are late. If you _____ a few minutes earlier, you _____ him.
A. come; would meet B. had come; would have met
C. come; will meet D. had come; would meet
答案:B
3. The two students talked as if they _____ friends for years.
A. should be B. would be
C. have been D. had been
答案:D
4. It is important that I _____ with Mr. Williams immediately.
A. speak B. spoke
C. will speak D. to speak
答案:A
5. He looked as if he _____ ill for a long time.
A. was B. were
C. has been D. had been
答案:D
6. If the doctor had come earlier, the poor child would not _____.
A. have laid there for two hours B. have been lied there for two hours
C. have lied there for two hours D. have lain there for two hours 答案:D
7. I wish that I _____ with you last night.
A. went B. could go
C. have gone D. could have gone
答案:D
8. Let’s say you could go there again, how _____ feel?
A. will you B. should you
C. would you D. do you
答案:C
9. I can’t stand him. He always talks as though he _____ everything.
A. knew B. knows
C. has known D. had known
答案:A
10._____ the fog, we should have reached our school.
A. Because of B. In spite of
C. In case of D. But for
答案:D