高中英语短文改错技巧结题总结
《高中英语短文改错训练》
------武威六中高一(15)班英语课题研究结题资料
指导教师:程生尧
课题研究成员:高 娟 徐 琳 宋世杰 张 泽 梁盛源 张栋文
田 财 王 鑫 张鹏程 张 岚
课题研究组长:陈 雪
短文改错口诀:动词形,名词数;注意形和副;非谓动词细辨别;习惯用法
要记住;句子成分多分析;
逻辑错误须关注。
一. 动词形
主要包括两类错误:动词的时态和语态错误,以及主、谓不一致的错误。例如:
My favourite sport is football. I was member of our school football team. (is)
Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. (are) 上述两例分别属于时态错误和主、谓不一致错误。找出此类错误的关键是树立牢固的时态概念,注意短文内容发生或存在的时间,保持时间概念的一致性。
二. 名词数
指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。例如: „so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject. (subjects)
三. 区分形和副
及区分形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。这也是高考短文改错的常考点。例如:
I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. (wonderful) Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (Unfortunately)
需要注意的是,形容词多用来做定、表、补语等,而副词只能在句子中作状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。第一例中的wonderful作定语修饰time,第二句的Unfortunately作状语修饰整个句子。
四. 非谓动词细辨别
这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有分词和动名词类错误,也包括不定式类错误。例如:
„in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. (interested)
Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also „ (playing)
My parents love me„ and will do all they can ∧ make sure„ (to) 上述二、三例分别是动名词作主语,和不定式作目的状语。一般的,现在分词有主动态和进行时的含义,而过去分词具有被动态和完成时的含义,不定式有将来时态的含义。
五. 习惯用法要记住
主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识。这也是历年高考的常考点,其错误表现形式主要有三种:多词、少词和搭配错误。 例如:
It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and„ (of)
We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ∧ ourselves. (of)
六. 句子成分多分析
不同的句子成分要用不同的词类;不同的语景要选择不同的词语。这些都有待我们对句子结构和句子成分作细致的分析,才能找出用词不当的错误。例如:
They ∧eager to know everything about China and„ (were)
I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (which)
第一例漏掉了谓语动词were,这是受寒于习惯的影响而导致的错误;第二例则是词类与它在句子中的成分不相符,where是副词,不能作主语。
七. 逻辑错误须关注
与句子的上、下文不一致,甚至相矛盾,属于逻辑性错误。如称谓上的张冠李戴,人名、地名、时间、方位等方面的错误,常是这类错误的考查对象。例如:
The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. (their)
First, let me tell you something more about myself. (去掉more) „ no way of setting the matter except by selling the set.Now someone at home reads instead. (everyone)
上述第一例中的主语是Smiths(史密斯夫妇俩),因此后面的his不合逻辑。第二例中的more在这儿表“再”的意思,才开始告诉别人,怎么能说“再告诉你一些事”?第三例讲的是为了解决看电视时的争端,“我们”把电视机卖
了;晚上没电视看了,所以与从前一样,大家又都读书了,所以该用everyone。
除了上述错误类型外,常考的错误形式还有:连词but, and, or和so的用法错误(可以归类为逻辑错误),以及冠词的用法错误等。例如:
(I)
There are lots of great places in the town which you can eat without
1. ______
spending too much because of I'm always short of money! There are also some 2. ______
place where it costs a lot, so don't forget to read the menu before going in. 3. ______
The first place is Gino's. It's an Italian restaurant where serving the usual things 4. ______
like pizzas and spaghetti. It's really cheaply and very friendly. Then there's 5. ______
Black's Bistro. This is a caféwhich is opened all day and you can eat anything 6. ______
there from toast, sandwiches, salads, burgers and full meals. Again it's not 7. ______
expensive and is very popular with young people. And finally, how about 8. ______
Peppers? Go there if you want some really nourishing Mexican food. Mexica 9. ______
food can be bit hot, but you can choose dishes which are milder
too. 10. ______
(II)
It is one thing to land science instruments on Mars; however, it is quite 1. ______
another to establish a base for humans to explore planet. Daytime temperatures 2. ______
can be rise above freezing, but, because of the extremely thin atmosphere, 3. ______
the sun heat radiates back into space. Even at the equator, the temperature 4. ______
drops -50℃at night. In fact, there is no ozone(臭氧) layer to keep out 5. ______
ultraviolet(紫外线的)radiation, and hardly some oxygen for either breathing 6. ______
and burning conventional fuels. But despite all these problems, scientists are 7. ______
currently working transport and clothing for Mars and an artificial environment 8. ______
in which colonists could live. However, the potential cost make the idea of 9. ______
human life on Mars nothing other than a fantastic dream. 10. ______
[答案与解析]
(I) 1.which→where。where引导定语从句,修饰表地点的先行词town,
where在定语从句中作状语。2.去掉of。because后面接从句,而because of后面接短语。3. place→places。此处名词应该用复数形式。4.去掉where。现在分词短语作定语,where多余。5. cheaply→cheap。cheap和friendly是并列的形容词作表语。6. opened→open。open本身即形容词。7. and→to。from„to„构成固定词组。8.本行无错。9. Mexica→Mexican。形容词作定语。
10. bit前加a。a bit是固定词组,在句中作状语,修饰hot。
(II) 1. science→scientific。应该用形容词作定语。2. planet前加the。planet前用定冠词,特指Mars。3.去掉be。can rise在本句中表"气温上升"。4. sun→sun's。名词所有格作定语,修饰heat。5.drops后加to。drop to表"下降到"。6. some→any。在表否定意义的副词hardly后面用any, hardly any oxygen意为"几乎没有任何氧气"。7. and→or。此处表选择关系。8.working后加on。work on是固定词组,表"研究"。9. make→makes。本句的主语是名词cost,故谓语动词用单数形式。10.本行无错。