英语常考词义辨析

常用词形词义辨析

1. abroad 到国外go abroad

board 板on board

2. across 介词，表面穿过 walk across the road

cross 动词 cross the road

through 介词，空间穿过 go through the window

past 介词，经过 walk past the post office

pass 动词 pass the test

3. alive 活着的 I am still alive.

live 现场直播 is covered live

居住 live in the city

lively 活泼的 make his class lively and interesting

living : make a living/ a living room

4. lonely 孤独 feel lonely

孤零零 a lonely house

alone 独自 live alone

along 沿着 walk along the street

5. asleep 睡着的 fall asleep

sleepy 困倦的feel sleepy

6. fall 落下，倒 fall down

fell ：fall 的过去式 (fall—fell---fallen)

feel 觉得 feel sleepy/tired---过去式felt

7. badly---worse Jim acted badly, but Tom did worse.

well —better He plays football well and his father does better.

8. boring, interesting, exciting, tiring…修饰物 an interesting story

bored, interested, excited, tired…修饰人 feel bored

9. borrow 借进（以句子主语为参照物）May I borrow your pen?

lend 借出（以句子主语为参照物）Could you lend me some money?

keep 借一段时间 How long can I keep the magazine?

10. both 两者都 Both of his parents are workers.

all 三者以上都 All of my classmates are from China.

neither 两者都不 Neither of my hands is clean.

none 没有一个（三者及以上）None of the four apples is/are red.

nothing 什么都没有 There’s nothing in the fridge.

11. care ：take care of

careful 形，仔细的be careful with fire

carefully 副，仔细地 listen carefully

careless 形，粗心的 a careless student

carelessly 副，粗心地drive carelessly

carelessness 名，粗心 Your carelessness led to the mistake.

12. take 带走（以说话者为中心）remember to take a raincoat

bring 带来（以说话者为中心）bring your book here

carry 拿，无方向 Could you help me carry the books?

13. close 动词，关闭close the door

形，亲密的 my closest friend

closed 形，关着的 keep the door closed

14. closely 副，密切地 work closely with us

15. brave 形，勇敢的 He is brave enough to save the old man.

courage 名，勇气have the courage to tell him the bad news

bravely 副，勇敢地 face the difficulties bravely

16. dead 形，死的 have been dead

die 动，死亡 die of hunger

death 名，死亡 the death of his pet makes him so sad.

17. especially 副，尤其 He is good at all subjects, especially maths.

specially 副，专门 The pen is specially designed for the boy.

special 形，特殊的 a special day

18. except 除了 All the students except Tom will go for a school trip.

expect 期待You are expected to bring it back when you return.

19. excited 形，激动的，修饰人feel excited

exciting 形，激动人心的，修饰物 an exciting film

excitedly 副，修饰人 shouted excitedly

excitement 名shout with excitement

20. a little一些，修饰不可数名词 a little money

a few一些，修饰可数名词 a few trees

little 几乎没有，修饰不可数名词 There’s little water in the glass, is it?

few 几乎没有，修饰可数名词 so few students

21. form 形成 form a good reading habit

from 从……

22. France 法国/ French 法语

German 德国的/ Germany 德国

23. hard 努力 work hard

hardly 几乎不 The boy hardly does his homework.

24. healthy 健康的 keep healthy

health 健康 it’s good for your health

healthily 健康地 eat healthily

25. if 如果 主将从现 If he comes, I’ll call you.

是否 I don’t know if he will come here.

whether 是否 （如与or 连用，则用）I wonder whether he’ll come or not.

weather 天气 What will the weather be like tomorrow?

26. include 动词 包括The list includes the names of many famous writers.

including 介词They have many pets, including three cats.

27. invent 动词 发明 Edison invented a lot of things.

invention 名词 发明 The invention made much difference to humans.

inventor 名词 发明者 Edison was a great inventor.

28. last 上一个的 last year; 最后的 make her last apperance

动词，持续 The meeting will last one and a half hours.

lasting 形，持久的 a lasting value

29. lie 名词，谎言 tell a lie

动词，说谎 He is always lying to us.

动词，位于Japan lies to the east of China.

动词，躺，平放 He likes lying on the grass.

躺，平放；位于：lie —lay---lain

说谎：lie-lied-lied

30. luck 名，运气 good luck

lucky 形，幸运的a lucky number

luckily 副，幸运的是 Luckily, we got better marks.

unlucky/unluckily

31. noise 名，噪音 Don’t make any noise.

noisy 形，吵闹的 much too noisy

noisily 副，吵闹地 talk noisily

32. noise 噪音

sound 声音We sat listening to the sound of the waves

听起来 The music sounds beautiful.

voice 嗓音 The singer has a sweet voice.

33. provide 提供 provide a chance for the boy=provide the boy with a chance offer :offer a chance to the boy=offer the boy a chance

34. other 别的 ，加名词 other students

another 另一个 I don’t like the pair of shoes, would you like to show me another pair?

the other 两个中的另一个, 常用one…the other Here is a shoe, where’s the other one?

others= other+名词

35. over/ under 年龄的上下

above/ below温度，楼层的上下

36. peace 名词，和平 love peace

peaceful 形，宁静的 a peaceful village

peacefully 副，和平地 we hope to solve the problem peacefully.

37. pleasure 名，乐意。对方请求帮助—With pleasure. 帮助后对方感谢—My pleasure./ It’s my pleasure.

pleasant 形， 修饰物 a pleasant trip

pleased 形，修饰人 I am pleased with the robot.

38. pollute 动，污染 The water will be polluted if you do that.

polluted 形，被污染的 Our planet is becoming more and more polluted and crowded.

pollution 名，污染 noise pollution

39. quiet 安静的 keep quiet

quite 相当 quite quiet

40. receive 收到

accept 接受 I received a valuable gift but I didn’t accept it because of its value.

41. realize 实现，主语为人 I am sure you will realize your dream.

come true 实现， 主语为物 I hope your dream will come true.

42. raise 升起，及物动词，后面必须跟宾语 raise your hand/ raise the national flag( raise—raised —raised)

rise 不及物动词，后面不可以跟宾语 the sun rises, the price rises, the water level rises( rise—rose---risen)

43. sad 形，悲伤的 too sad to say a word

sadness 名 ，悲伤 share your joy and sadness

sadly 副，遗憾的是 Sadly, few people were saved.

44. safe 形，安全的 a safe place

safety 名，安全 Safety comes first.

safely 副，安全地 The plane landed safely.

save 动，挽救 save money, save his life

45. satisfied 形，满意的 I am not satisfied with the machine at all.

satisfy 动，满足 satisfy your need

46. search 搜索（范围）

search for （目标）The police are searching the city for the murderer.

47. serve 动, 服务 serve the old couple politely

service 名 I will never forget its good service./ be in service

48. smile 名，微笑 wear a big smile on her face

动 smile at me kindly

smiling 形，微笑的 Her smiling eyes make her loved by all the people.

49. succeed 动，成功 At last, he succeeded in winning the first prize.

success 名，成功 It turned out that her speech was a big success.

successful 形，成功的 I’m sure that you’ll be successful.

successfully 副，成功地At last, he won the first prize successfully.

50. take 花费（时间）, 主语是物 How long does it take you to fly to Chengdu?

spend 花费时间或金钱，主语为人He spent 10,000 yuan on the bike.

I spend an hour reading every day.

cost 花费金钱，主语为物 The flat cost me 1,000,000 yuan.

pay 花费金钱，主语为人They pay 100 yuan for the shoes.

51. though 虽然I take my medicine, though I do not like it.

thought 想的过去式 I've thought about it for some time.

想法 Her thought isn’t the same as mine.

through （从空间）通过the light shines through the sharp teeth

52. wide 形，宽的 The river is 300 metres wide.

副，充分地 open his eyes wide

widely 副，广泛地 English is widely used all over the world.

53. hope 希望hope to do;实现的可能性大; 不可用hope sb. to do, 可改用hope 从句结构 I hope to go to college.

My father hopes that I can go to college.

wish 希望，可用wish sb. to do;实现的可能性不大，所以从句用虚拟语气I wish I could get rid of the habit of smoking.

54. worry 名， 担忧 share your worries with me

动，担忧 Don’t worry about your exams.

worried 形，担心的 I am so worried about his health that I can’t sleep well.

55. have sb. do sth.让某人做某事，类似于make sb. do: Will you like to have him call you back ?

have sth done 请人做 Her father had the book punished.

have sth to do 有……要做 I have too much homework to do today. have done sth 做了某事 I have finished all my homework now.