现在完成时及现在完成进行时讲解及练习

现在完成时

一.现在完成时的构成:

现在完成时由助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。has用于第三人称单数,have用于其他各种人称.

二.现在完成时的用法:其用法主要有三种

I.“已完成”用法 :表示一个过去发生并结束的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

这一类情况可以细致分为下述两种情况。

1）表示开始于过去的动作刚刚结束。常和just，now，already，yet，not…yet等不确定的时间状语连用。

Li Ming has just turned off the light. 李明刚刚把灯关上。（说明现在灯关上了）

I've finished my homework now. 现在我已经做完作业了。（说明可以交作业或做别的了）

2）表示过去动作的结果，现在仍残留着。一般不用时间状语。

I have lost my pen. 我把笔丢了。 （说明过去某时丢的，现在我还没找到这支笔）

She has become a teacher. 她已经当了老师。（说明她现在仍是老师）

II.“未完成”用法。表示动作或状态从过去某时开始，持续到现在，可能继续下去，也可能刚刚结束。常和表示一段时间的状语连用。如today，this week（month），lately，recently，these days，in the past few days，during the last two weeks，since，since yesterday，since 2 days ago，since 1991，for a long time，for a month，so far，up to now，till（until） now等。

He has lived here for 30 years. 他住在这儿三十年了。（现在还住在这儿）

They've known each other since childhood. 他们从小彼此相识。（现在还在往来）

How long have you studied English？ 你学英语多久了？（现在仍在学）

III.经验性用法:表示从过去开始到目前为止这段时间中反复发生的动作或多次出现的状态。

常与频度副词如often,always,every week,twice等连用。

I have been to the Summer Palace twice. 我曾经去过颐和园两次。

He has always said so.他总是这么说.

三.现在完成时的时间状语

I现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。

1. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。

如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。

They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。

2. 用ever和never.多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。

如： -Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗? -I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。

3. 用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。

如：I have seen her before,but I can not remember where. 我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。

He has been there three times the last few days. 近几天他去过那里三次了。

4. 用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如now,today,this morning(month,year,term)等。例如：-Have you met him today?-No,I

haven't. 今天你见过他吗？我没有。

如：How many times have you been there this year? 今年你去过那里多少次？

II短暂性动词不能和表一段时间的时间状语连用。如：come, go, arrive, reach, hear, close, leave, begin, start, lose, buy, fall, join, die, get up等。但如果要保留表一段时间的时间状语，必须将动词改为延续性动词。

现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换

fall asleep (ill) →be asleep (ill) get to know→ know begin,(start)→ be on open →be open buy→ have get up→ be up die→ be dead go out→ be out come→ be in close→be closed arrive→be here join→be in, be a +名词 finish( end )→be over leave, move →be away, borrow →keep go to school→be a student catch(a cold)→ have(a cold)

begin to study→study come back→be back put on→wear 或be on

如：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。

His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。

The film has been on for 5 minutes.电影已开始五分钟了。

We have studied English for three years. 我们（开始）学英语已三年了。

四.几点注意事项

I. have been(to)与have gone( to)的区别：

have been(to)表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于各人称；

have gone(to)表示“去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，常用于第三人称，

前者可与once ,never,several times等连用，后者则不能。

如：1. They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。 2. He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。

II.不可延续性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。 如： I haven't left here since 1997.自从1997年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。

（错）I have received his letter for a month. （对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.

练习

一.用since和for填空

1.______two years 2.____two years ago 3.___last month 4.______ 1999 5._______yesterday

6._______ 4 o’clock 4 hours 8._____an hour ago 9.___we were children 10._____ lunch time

11.____ she left here

12. He has lived in Nanjing ___ the year before last. 13. I’ve known him ______ we were children.

14. Our teacher has studied Japanese ______ three years. 15. She has been away from the city ______ about ten years.

16. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.

二.单项选择。

1.Both his parents look sad . Maybe they_____what's happened to him . A.knew B.have known C.must know D.will know

2. He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ? A. already B.never C.ever D.still

3. Have you met Mr Li ______？ A. just B. ago C.before D. a moment ago

4. The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year .

A. is writing B.was writing C.wrote D.has written

5. —Our country ______ a lot so far . —Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .

A.has changed ; well B.changed ; good C.has changed ; better D.changed ; better

6. Zhao Lan____already____in this school for two years . A.was; studying B.will; study C.has; studied D.are; studying

7. We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew

8. Harry Potter is a very nice film .I______ it twice . A.will see B.have seen C.saw D.see

9. —These farmers have been to the United States . —Really ? When _____ there ?

A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone

10.—______ you ___ your homework yet ? —Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .

A.Did ; do ; finished B.Have ; done ; finished C.Have ; done ; have finished D.will ; do ; finish

11. His father ______ the Party since 1978 . A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in

12.—Do you know him well ? — Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .

A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made

13.—How long have you ____ here ? —About two months .

A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived

14. Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes . A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began

15. It _____ ten years since he left the army . A. is B. has C. will D. was

16. Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library . A.has gone B. went C.will go D. has been

17. My parents ______ Shandong for ten years . A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been

A. so they B. don’t they C. have they D. haven’t they

19. to China?

A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived

20.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _____ for 20 minutes.

A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away

21.The factory ____ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened

22.Mary and Rose ____friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become

23.You mustn't_____ until he comes back. A. be away B. leave C. be left

24.The meeting _____ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over

25.Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught

26.Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years . A. has been B. has become C. was D. became

27. I ______ home for a week. A. have returned B. have been back C. returned

三.用never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since填空

1. I have _______ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.

2. Jack has _________ finished his homework.

3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ________ ten years.

4. “Have you ________ seen the film?” “No, I have ________ seen it.”

5. “Has the bus left _______?” “Yes, it has _________ left.”

四.用适当的时态填空：

1.She’s _____________ (live) here ever since she was ten.

2.Both of them ________________ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.

3.Both of them ____________ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.

4. Half an hour __________ (pass) since the train __________ (leave).

5. Mary________(lose) her pen. ________ you _______(see) it here and there?

6. _________ you _____ (find) your watch yet?

7. ---Are you thirsty? ---No I _________just _________ (have) some orange.

8. We already _________ (return) the book.

9. ________ they _______ (build) a new school in the village?

10. I _____________(not finish) my homework . Can you help me?

11. My father _____ (read) the novel twice.

12. I _________ (buy) a book just now.

13. I _________ (lost ) my watch yesterday.

14. My father ___________ (read) this book since yesterday.

五、划线提问 __________ _________ __________ you __________ __________ ? _________ _________ __________ your father _________ __________? _________ ________ he _________ __________?

__________ ___________ they __________ a book

六.翻译下列句子：

1.你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？2. 我刚刚丢了我的化学书。3. 我以前从来没去过那个农场。4. 他已经吃过午饭

5. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？6. 我哥哥还没回来。

7.这本字典我已买了三年了。

8.他离开中国三年了。

9.我认识他们五年了。

七．练习:

1.Mr Li swimming for 3 hours, and his son an hour ago.

A.has been, started B.have started, has started C.started, started D. Has started, has started

2.---How long you stamps? --Since two years ago.

A have, collect B.have, been collecting C.did, collect D.are, collecting

3.She had a headache because she too long. She ought to shop. A. has been reading B.had read C.is reading D.read

4.The boy TV all the morning. A. has watched B.had watched C.has been watching D.watched

have you been learning to swim? ---Half a year.

A. How long B. How often C.How far D.When

6.Our teacher has been teaching in this school for .

A. two year and a half B.two and a half year C.two years and half D.two and a half years

7.He it for two hours, and he's still watching now.

A. has been watched B.watching C.has been watching D.is watching

现在完成时态练习题答案

一．翻译下列句子：

1. Have you ever had / eaten fish and chips? 2. I have just lost my chemistry book.

3. I have never been to the farm before. 4. He has already had lunch = He has had lunch already.

5. Have you seen the movie yet? 6. My brother hasn’t come /get / been back yet = My brother hasn’t returned yet.

7. I have had this dictionary for three years / since three years ago.

8. Has been away from China for three years. 9.I have known them for five years.

10. They have been in the USA for five years. 11. He has been here since he moved to Jining.

12. My sister has been a college student for three years = My sister has been in college for three years.

13. They have known each other since 1999. 14. I have been in this school for over three years.

二、用since或者for填空

1. for 2. since 3. since 4. since 5. since 6. since 7. for 8 since 9.since 10. since 11. since 12.since 13. since 14.for 15.for 16. since

四、划线提问

1. How long have, been there 2. How long has , lived here 3. When did , leave here 4. When did , buy

五、用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。

A: Where has Li Fei gone? B: He has gone to Hainan Island.

A: How long has he been there? B: He has been there for three days.

A: When will he come back, do you know? B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently.

A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island? B: Sorry, I have never been there.

A: How many times has Li Fei been to that place? B: He has been there only once.

六、用have / has been to / in, have gone to及go的各种形式填空。

1. has gone to 2. went to 3. has been in 4. have , been in 5. have been in 6. Have , been to ; have been

7. have been in / at 8. has gone to 9. did go ; went 10. go ; have been 11. are , going ; am going

12. goes 13. Did , go 14. Do , go

七、综合练习:

1. never 2. just , already 3. for 4. ever, never 5. yet , just / already

八. 用适当的时态填空：

1. lived / has been living 2. have been 3. went 4. has passed ; left 5. has lost ; have , seen

6. Have , found 7. have , had 8. have , returned 9. Have , built 10. haven’t finished

11. has read 12. bought 13. lost 14. have been reading / has read