考研英语情感态度词

得阅读者得天下之情感态度题得阅读者得天下之情感态度题

1. 全文情感态度题选项词汇汇总

一 赞同(褒义)

positive adj.肯定的, 实际的, 积极的, , 确实的 favorable adj.赞成的, 有利的, 赞许的, 良好的

approval n. 赞成, 承认, 正式批准 enthusiasm n. 狂热, 热心, 积极性

supportive adj. 支持的，支援的 defensive 为……而辩护

二 否定（否定（贬义）

negative adj.否定的, 消极的, 负的, 阴性的 disapproval 不赞成

objection 异议 opposition 反对 critical 批评的 criticism 批评批判

disgust vi.令人厌恶, 令人反感vt. 使作呕

warning

detestation n.憎恶, 厌恶的人, 嫌恶 indignation 愤慨 contempt n.轻视, 轻蔑, 耻辱, 不尊敬

compromising n.妥协, 折衷v. 妥协, 折衷 worried adj.闷闷不乐的, 焦虑的

三 怀疑

suspicion n.猜疑, 怀疑 suspicious adj.(～ of) 可疑的, 怀疑的

doubt doubtful adj.可疑的, 不确的, 疑心的

question puzzling adj.使迷惑的, 使莫明其妙的

四 客观 (即好的坏的都说，即好的坏的都说，选的可能性极大)

objective adj.客观的 neutral adj.中立的 impartial adj.公平的, 不偏不倚的

disinterested adj.无私的 unprejudiced adj.没有偏见的

unbiased adj.没有偏见的 detached 不含个人偏见的

五 主观

subjective adj.主观的, 个人的 sympathetic=compassionate同情的，怜悯的

indifference n.不关心 tolerance n.宽容，容忍，忍受 pessimism n.悲观, 悲观主义

gloomy adj.黑暗的, 阴沉的, 令人沮丧的, 阴郁的 optimistic adj.乐观的

sensitive 有感觉的, 敏感[锐]的, 易受伤害的 scared adj.恐惧的

reserved adj.保留的, 包租的 consent vi.同意, 赞成, 答应n. 同意, 赞成, 允诺

radical adj.激进的 moderate adj.中等的, 适度的, 适中的v. 缓和

mild adj.温和的, 温柔的, 淡味的, 轻微的, 适度的 ironic adj.说反话的, 讽刺的

confused adj.困惑的, 烦恼的 amazed adj.吃惊的, 惊奇的

worried concerned adj.关心的, 有关的

apprehensive adj.担忧，担心 mixed 喜忧参半

biased 有偏见的 indignant adj.愤怒的, 愤慨的

六 积极

objective 客观的 concerned 关注的

confident adj.自信的, 确信的 interested adj.感兴趣的, 有成见的, 有权益的

optimistic adj.乐观的 positive 正面的

impressive adj.给人深刻印象的, 感人的

七 中立/折中

impartial adj.公平的, 不偏不倚的 neutral 中立的 impersonal adj.非个人的

factual adj.事实的, 实际的, 根据事实的 detached 不含个人偏见的

八 一般不是解的选项一般不是解的选项（不是解的选项（消极）消极）

negative 消极的 indifferent 漠不关心的 depressed 消沉的

subjective 主观的 unconcerned 不关心的 contemptuous adj.轻蔑的, 侮辱的

hostile adj.敌对的, 敌方的 biased 片面的 partial 偏袒的

2. 全文情感态度题选项的分类：全文情感态度题选项的分类：

3. 全文情感态度题解题的方法和步骤

4. 全文情感态度题历年真题汇总

4. The author's attitude towards euthanasia seems to be that of ________. (1997)

[A] opposition [B] suspicion [C] approval [D] indifference

20. The passage shows that the author is ______the present situation. (1997)

[A] critical of [B] puzzled by [C] disappointed at [D] amazed at

12. The author' attitude toward the issue of "science vs. antiscience" is ________.（98）

[A] impartial [B] subjective [C] biased [D] puzzling

4. The author's attitude towards the issue seems to be _______（99年）

[A] biased [B] indifferent [C] puzzling [D] objective

66. Toward the new business wave, the writer's attitude can be said to be ________.（2001）

[A] optimistic [B] objective [C] pessimistic [D] biased

55. From the text we can see that the writer seems __________（2002）

[A] optimistic. [B] sensitive. [C] gloomy [D] scared.

25. In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is ________. （06年真题）

[A] rewarding [B] successful [C] fruitless [D] harmful

30. What is the author’s attitude towards IQ tests? (07年真题)

[A] supportive [B] skeptical [C] impartial [D] biased

局部情感态度题

2003年（52, 58）2004（52，58）

1. 局部情感态度题和全文情感态度题的区别：

1） 表现形式

2） 内容

2. 局部情感态度题的解题方法和步骤

3. 历年考过的局部情感态度题

议论文的论证方式题

1. 作比较

Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human,” with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature , suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.

21. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by ________.

[A] posing a contrast [B] justifying an assumption

[C] making a comparison [D] explaining a phenomenon

2. 举例子

30. The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because ________.

[A] they both suffered from the government’s negligence

[B] a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former

[C] the outcome of the latter aggravates the former

[D] both of them have turned from bad to worse

3. 打比方

Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most English-speakers. Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical education reforms -- he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful. We now take our English “on paper plates instead of china.”

A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one.

40. According to the last paragraph, “paper plates” is to “china” as ________.

[A] “temporary” is to “permanent” [B] “radical” is to “conservative”

[C] “functional” is to “artistic” [D] “humble” is to “noble”

Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. Behind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else: the accounting standard-setters. Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and it's just not fair. These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch.

Unfortunately, banks’ lobbying now seems to be working. The details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to the proper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised. And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult.

After a bruising encounter with Congress, America’s Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) rushed through rule changes. These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statement. Bob Herz, the FASB’s chairman, cried out against those who “question our motives。” Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobbying group politely calls “the use of judgment by management.”

European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) do likewise. The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when it completes it reconstruction of rules later this year is strong. Charlie McCreevy, a European commissioner, warned the IASB that it did “not live in a political vacuum” but “in the real word” and that Europe could yet develop different rules.

It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets. Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts. The truth will not be known for years. But banks’ shares trade below their book value, suggesting that investors are skeptical. And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains.

To get the system working again, losses must be recognized and dealt with. America’s new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive. Successful markets require independent and even combative standard-setters. The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions, for example, against hostility from special interests. But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions. (2010年真题)

36. Bankers complained that they were forced to __________.

[A] follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules [B] collect payments from third parties

[C] cooperate with the price manager [D] reevaluate some of their assets

37. According to the author, the rule changes of the FASB may result in __________.

[A] the diminishing role of management [B] the revival of the banking system

[C] the banks’ long-term asset losses [D] the weakening of its independence

38. According to Paragraph 4, McCreevy objects to the IASB’s attempt to __________.

[A] keep away from political influences [B] evade the pressure from their peers

[C] act on their own in rule-setting [D] take gradual measures in reform

39. The author thinks the banks were “on the wrong planet” in that they

[A]misinterpreted market price indicators [B]exaggerated the real value of their asset

[C]neglected the likely existence of bad debts [D]denied booking losses in their sale of assets

40. The author’s attitude towards standard-setters is one of_____.

[A]satisfaction [B]skepticism [C]objectiveness [D]sympathy

主旨大意题总结篇

一、 考研英语阅读主旨大意题近五年总览 Year

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

二、 真题面对面 Question Item Q25, Q30 Q30 Q25, Q30 Q25, Q35 Q35

If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.

What might account for this strange phenomenon? Here are a few guesses: a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills; b) winter-born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina; c) soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania; d) none of the above.

Anders Ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes

strongly in “none of the above.” Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. His first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. “With the first subject, after about 20 hours of training, his digit span had risen from 7 to 20,” Ericsson recalls. “He kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.”

This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes” the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.

Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer. They gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers. Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. Or, put another way, expert performers – whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming – are nearly always made, not born. (Text 1, 2007)

25. Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text tries to convey?

[A] “Faith will move mountains.”

[B] “One reaps what one sows.”

[C] “Practice makes perfect.”

[D] “Like father, like son.”

While still catching-up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. “Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,” according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York’s Veteran’s Administration Hospital.

Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.

Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased “opportunities” for stress. “It’s not necessarily that women don’t cope as well. It’s just that they have so much more to cope with,” says Dr. Yehuda. “Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men’s,” she observes, “it’s just that they’re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner.”

Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. “I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.”

Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. “I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better.” Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother. “It’s the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck.”

Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez’s experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function. (Text 1, 2008)

25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

[A] Strain of Stress: No Way Out?

[B] Responses to Stress: Gender Difference

[C] Stress Analysis: What Chemicals Say

[D] Gender Inequality: Women Under Stress

It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom – or at least confirm that he’s the kid’s dad. All he needs to do is shell our $30 for paternity testing kit (PTK) at his local drugstore – and another $120 to get the results.

More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first become available without prescriptions last years, according to Doug Fog, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits. More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests Directly to the public , ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $2500.

Among the most popular : paternity and kinship testing , which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and latest rage a many passionate genealogists-and supports businesses that offer to search for a family’s geographic roots .

Most tests require collecting cells by webbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing. All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA.

But some observers are skeptical, “There is a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing,” says Trey Duster, a New York University sociologist. He notes that each individual has many ancestors-numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back. Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father’s line or mitochondrial DNA, which a passed down only from mothers. This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other great-grandparents or, four generations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents.

Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared. Databases used by some companies don’t rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects. This means that a DNA database may differ depending on the company that processes the results. In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation. (Text 2, 2009)

30. An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be__________.

[A]Fors and Againsts of DNA testing [B] DNA testing and It’s problems

[C]DNA testing outside the lab [D] lies behind DNA testing

Over the past decade, thousands of patents have been granted for what are called business methods. Amazon.com received one for its “one-click” online payment system. Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. One inventor patented a technique for lying a box. Now the nation’s top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago. In a

move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. In the Bilski, as the case is known, is a “very big deal”， says Dennis D. Crouch of the University of Missouri School of law. It “has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents.”

Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with its 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of online transactions. Later, more established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.

The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court’s judges, rather than a typical panel of three and that one issue it wants to evaluate is weather it should “reconsider” its state street Bank ruling.

The Federal Circuit’s action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme Count that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for “inventions” that are obvious. The judges on the Federal circuit are “reacting to the anti-patent trend at the supreme court”， says Harole C.wegner, a patent attorney and professor at George Washington University Law School. (Text 2，2010年)

30. Which of the following would be the subject of the text?

[A] A looming threat to business-method patents

[B] Protection for business-method patent holders

[C] A legal case regarding business-method patents

[D] A prevailing trend against business-method patents