初三宾语从句专项讲解与练习

作动词的宾语（eg: Make sure that no one knows this.） 作介词的宾语

作系表结构的宾语

that

whether/if

what,who,whom,whose,which等

宾when,where,how,why 等

语从

句

(主句+连接词+主语+谓语)

that 的情况动词不定式

宾语从句的简化疑问词+动词不定式

宾语+宾语补足语

名词或名词短语

重点：语序和时态呼应

难点：语序和时态呼应；与疑问词+不定式的转化；与状语从句的辨析

1. 连词that ，只起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略。

eg. He knew （that ） he should work hard.

词汇：say, think, tell, that

句型：…says/said/thinks/thought/tells/told…(that)…

My mother tells me (that) nothing is too difficult if I put my heart into it.

Our teacher often tells (that) we should make the best use of time.

2．连词if 、whether ，它们起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，作“是否”，在口语中多用if 。

Tom don't know if/whether his grandpa liked the present.

He asked me whether or not I was coming.

一般情况下，if 和whether 可以互换，但以下3种情况只能用whether ： ①在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasn't been decided.

②在介词后：It depends on（依靠） whether it is going to rain.

③与or not连用：They are talking about whether to go there or not.. ④discuss 后的宾语从句

⑤宾语从句前置，置于句首时。

词汇：if, whether, ask, wonder, know, …

句型：…asks/asked/wonders/wondered/wants to know/wanted to know if/whether…

3．连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which，连接副词when, where, why, how， 它们起连接作用，作句子成分，各有自己的意义。

eg. The teacher asked the new students which class he was in. I wonder where he got so much money.

【注意】

1．由连接代、副词引导的宾语从句可以和“疑问词+不定式”结构转化。

eg. I don't know how I should do with the presents. ==> I don't know how to do with the presents.

2．要注意区分判断由if 、when 引导的从句类型.

二、宾语从句的语序

宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”。特别强调：它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述语序，而不是疑问句的倒装结构。

Can you tell me who（m ） do we have to see?（╳）

Can you tell me who（m ） we have to see?（ √）

The teacher asked the students what they were doing.（思考: what在从句中的成分）

陈述句变为宾语从句时, 要注意人称和时态的变化, 语序不变。 eg. She said, “I will leave a message on the desk.” → She said she would leave a message on the desk.

一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时, 也要注意人称和时态的变化, 后面接陈述语序。Eg. “Where are the tickets?” I asked him. → I asked him where the tickets are.

三、宾语从句的时态呼应

如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时，从句谓语的时态不受限制；

如果主句谓语的时态是一般过去时，从句一般要随着改为相应的过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。

eg. I thought （that ） you are free today. （╳）

I thought （that ） you would be free today. （ √）

【注意】当宾语从句叙述的是客观真理时，不管主句谓语的时态如何，从句都用一般现在时。

eg. The teacher told us （that ） the earth moves around the sun.

四．其他需要说明的问题

1．标点由主句决定，如主句是陈述句、祈使句，则用句号；是疑问句则用问号。 I heard she had been to the Great Wall.

Can you tell me which bus I should take?

2．要注意个别句子中主从句人称的一致。

五．宾语从句和状语从句的区分

eg. 1） I will go out tomorrow if it is fine.

2） I don't know if the train has arrived.

句1）中if 引导的是状语从句。这个从句表示“条件”，修饰主句。整个句子的

意思是如果明天天气好，我就出去。句2）中if 引导的是宾语从句，充当谓语动词don't know的宾语。整个句子的意思是我不知道火车是否到达。 判断方法：

1．可以从整个句式看。状语从句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面（个别除外），宾语从句只能放在主句谓语动词之后。

2．从引导词看。if 充当宾语从句的连接词时，相当于whether ， 词义为“是否”，充当状语从句的连接词时，词义为“如果”。when 充当宾语从句的连接词时，意为“什么时候”，充当状语从句的连接词时，意为“当……的时候”。

3．从时态看。if 和when 作连接词时，引导宾语从句要注意：从句的谓语动词的时态应根据主句的时态作相应的变化。if 和when 充当从属连词时，引导条件和时间状语从句，若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时，则从句的时态应用一般现在时表示将来。

( ) 1 The girls asked if they ____ some food and drink with them.

A took B. take C. takes D. will take

( ) 2 Catherine said that she ___ to Guangzhou.

A. has never gone B. had never gone

C. has never been D. had never been

( ) 3 The students want to know whether they___ dictation today.

A. had B. has . C. will have D. are

( ) 4 She asked Linda if___ go and get some.

A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may

( ) 5 Linda said the moon___ round the earth.

A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled

( ) 6 Can you tell me___ you were born, Betty?

A. who B. what C. when D. that

( ) 7 I don't know ___ they have passed the exam.

A. what B. if C. when D. where

( ) 8 I hardly understand.___ he has told me.

A. that B. what C. which D. who

( ) 9 She didn't know___ back soon.

A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be

( ) 10I don't know _____ he still lives here after so many years.

A. whether B where C. what D when

( ) 11Do you know _____ they listened to yesterday evening?

A. what B when C why D how

( ) 12 He asked me _____told me the accident.

A whom B which C who D whose

( ) 13.They don't know ______their parents are.

A that B what C why D which

( ) 14.Please tell me ______what last year.

A where does your sister work B where did your sister work

C where your sister works D where your sister worked

( )15.She asked me if I knew ______.

A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was

C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it

( )16. You must remember ________.

A. what your mother said B. what did your mother say

C. your mother said what D. what has your mother said

( ) 17 Did you know ____?

A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking for

C. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after

( ) 18 Could you tell me ___?

A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing

C. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing

( ) 19.Can you tell me where ______ ? .

A. is the post office B. the post office is

C. does the post office D. the post office does

( ) 20.Do you know who ______ with at eight yesterday ?

A. he is talking B. was he talking C. he was talking D. is he talking

( ) 21.They wondered if the teacher ______ us English the next term.

A. would teach B. had taught C. will teach D. taught

( ) 22.He told me that the sun ______ in the east.

A. rises B. raises C. rose D. raised

( ) 23.The boy asked ______ any noise from outside.

A. whether had I heard B. whether I had heard

C. whether I have heard D. whether I heard

( ) 24.This map will show you _______ .

A. where is the Summer Palace B. where the Summer Palace is C. where is the Summer Palace like D. how the Summer Palace is like

25.My brother ________ to the ground while ________ his bicycle and hurt his leg.

A. falls; is he riding B. fell; he was riding

C. falls; he is riding D. felt; was he riding