网上选课系统毕业论文
摘要:随着在校大学生的不断增加,学生选课系统也是学校对学生管理中不可缺少的一部分。以往的选课方法是使用人工的方法管理文件档案,这种管理方式存在许多的缺点:效率低、保密差,另外时间一长,将产生大量的文件和数据,这对于查找、更新和维护都带来不少的困难。随着科学技术的不断提高,计算机已经进入人类社会的各个领域并发挥着越来越重要的作用。作为计算机应用的一部分,实用技术绝对选课信息进行管理,具有手工管理所无法比拟的优点。例如:查找方便、可靠性高、存储量大、保密性好、寿命长、成本低等。
本文通过分析浏览器/服务器结构的特点并结合选课的实际情况简单的介绍了系统各功能模块及数据库的设计,着重讨论了用ASP.NET 技术和SQL Server 2005 开发选课系统的数据库的访问技术和动态网页制作技术,并给出了一些可以实现的核心代码。通过该系统,使学生可以很方便的在校园网上进行网上选课。该系统在Windows 7系统和VS2005平台下开发完成,使用C#作为ASP.NET 的开发语言,SQL Server 2005作为数据库。系统有较高的安全性和较好的性能。代码尽量使用了存储过程和尽量减少了数据库连接打开的时间来提高性能。
本文除了有对程序的系统分析、总体设计、数据库设计、功能实现等主体部分外,还介绍了ASP.NET 和数据库的结合的基本内容。
关键词:学生选课、 浏览器/服务器、 ASP.NET 、VS 2005、 SQL Server 2005
Abstract :With the continuous increase in college students, students in schools of students elective system is also an integral part of management. Previous elective method is to use artificial methods to manage file archives, this management approach has many disadvantages: low efficiency, poor security, while over time, will generate a large number of documents and data, which for finding, updating and maintenance of bring a lot of difficulties. With the continuous improvement of science and technology, the 忽略puter has access to all areas of human society, and play an increasingly important role. As a part of 忽略puter applications and practical management of information technology is absolutely elective, with manual management in 忽略parable advantages. For example: to find convenient, high reliability, large memory capacity, security and good, long life and low cost.
This paper analyzes the browser / server structure is characterized by 忽略bining the actual situation of elective a brief introduction of the system of functional modules and database design, focused on using ASP.NET technology and SQL Server 2005 Developer elective system, access to the database technology and dynamic web production techniques, and give some of the core code can be achieved. Through the system so that students can easily online Online Course on campus. The system is Windows 7 system and VS2005 platform is developed using C # as the ASP.NET development language, SQL Server 2005 as a database. System has a higher security and better performance. In which the database connection string in the web.config where you can change at any time. The code to make use of the stored procedure and to minimize the database connection open time to improve performance.
This addition to the program's system analysis, overall design, database design, function and so the main part of the implementation, but also describes the 忽略bination of ASP.NET and database elements.
Keywords: Student elective, browser / server, ASP.NET, VS 2005, SQL Server 2005 database
目 录
一、引言 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„1 (一)、课题研究目的„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„1 (二)、课题研究的意义„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„1 (三)、任务 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„1 (四)、实现目标 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„2 二、系统分析与总体设计 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„3 (一)、系统分析„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„3 (二)、系统设计构架 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„3 三、数据库的设计和实现 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„5 (一)、数据库需求分析„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„5 (二)、数据库设计„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„5 四、详细设计„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„7 (一)、公共类与公共页面设计 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„7 (二)、主模块 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„7 (三)、添加用户模块„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„8 (四)、学生选课模块„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„10 (五)、教师提交成绩模块 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„10 (六)、成绩管理模块„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„11 (七)、学生维护模块„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„12 (八)、教师维护模块„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„12 (九)、课程维护模块„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„13 (十)、修改密码模块„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„14 结束语„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„15 致谢„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„16 参考文献„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„17 附录„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„18
网上选课系统
随着无纸化办公的一步步实现,信息的自动处理以及网络式的信息交互方式越来越被人们认可和应用。让计算机来管理学生的信息是现在各个高校都在积极进行的工作之一,也是高校教学管理工作的重要内容之一。网上选课与传统的选课方式相比更加节约资源,同时,随着学生选课自主权的增加,网上选课有效的避免了“走关系”等不良现象,使教学更加透明。 一、引言
(一)、课题研究目的
学生选课系统的设计与实现,其中要实现:课程信息管理(录入、查询、维护);学生信息管理(录入、查询、维护);教师信息管理(录入、查询、维护);选课管理(选课、退课、选课信息查询);教师输入成绩管理(查询学生选到教师的课并给学生成绩) (二)、课题研究的意义
学生选课系统是一个学校不可缺少的部分, 它的内容对于学校的决策者和管理者来说都至关重要, 所以学生选课系统应该能够为用户提供充足的信息和快捷的查询手段。但一直以来人们使用传统人工的方式管理文件档案,这种管理方式存在着许多缺点, 如:效率低、保密性差, 另外时间一长, 将产生大量的文件和数据,这对于查找、更新和维护都带来了不少的困难。
随着科学技术的不断提高, 计算机科学日渐成熟, 其强大的功能已为人们深刻认识, 它已进入人类社会的各个领域并发挥着越来越重要的作用。
作为计算机应用的一部分, 使用计算机对选课信息进行管理, 有着手工管理所无法比拟的优点. 例如:检索迅速、查找方便、可靠性高、存储量大、保密性好、寿命长、成本低等。这些优点能够极大地提高人事劳资管理的效率, 也是企业的科学化、正规化管理, 与世界接轨的重要条件。
因此,开发这样一套软件成为很有必要的事情, 在下面的各章中我们将以开发学生选课系统为例, 谈谈其开发过程和所涉及到的问题及解决方法。 (三)、任务
使用C# .NET开发前台程序,实现与SQL 数据库的连接,对数据库完成用户需求的操作。
使用SQL Server Management Studio 设计数据库中的数据表,存储过程,触
发器等。
最终实现一个完整的课程管理系统,实现学生的选课功能,教师的打分功能,管理员的管理功能以及满足数据库的关系设计。 (四)、实现目标
《在线选课系统》针对的用户是各个大小学校,主要的实现目标有: ● 实现学生管理; ● 实现教师管理;
● 实现学生选课和退选课程、修改密码功能; ● 实现教师开课、提交成绩、修改密码功能; ● 实现管理员管理整个后台系统功能;
● 能够提供一定的安全机制,提供数据信息身份访问的服务。
二、系统分析与总体设计 (一)、系统分析
(1)学生、教师、管理员在数据库中有对应的登录信息表,在登录界面登录时会连接到数据库验证其登录信息的正确性。登录成功后初始化下一个窗口通过重写Form 类的构造方法的办法可以实现传递用户名和密码等信息。登陆界面可以选择登录的对象。
(2)在数据库中要创建学生信息表、教师信息表、课程信息表以及选课信息表,作为学生、教师、管理人员操作的对象。
(3)选课表应以课程号和学生号作为主键满足多个学生选修一门课程。选课时因为“学生”Form 的构造方法已经接受了用户名,以此作为条件到数据库检索对应的学生信息。再通过选择课程获取课程的信息,将得到的变量赋给数据库存储过程中声明的变量完成选课功能。
(4)课程信息以课程号作为主键区分相同课程名不同教师的情况。在前台有对该Datatable 更新的功能满足打分要求。
(5)对学生信息表设计触发器实现:创建某学生ID ,登录信息表插入对应的登录信息;删除某学生ID ,在选课表删除该学生选择的课程信息,在登录信息表删除其登录信息。对教师信息表设计触发器实现:插入教师ID 后在登录表插入登录信息;删除某教师ID 后删除登录表的登录信息,删除该教师的课程信息,删除该教师的选课表信息。对课程信息设计触发器实现:删除某课程ID 后删除选课表中该ID 的信息。
可分为学生操作、教师操作、管理员操作三个模块功能。 (二)、系统设计构架
本网站采用三层架构,表现层通过统一的接口向数据访问层发送请求,业务逻辑层将请求按照一定按照一定逻辑规则处理后进入数据库操作,然后将从数据库返回的数据集合封装成对象的形式返回到表现层。通过这样的数据处理流程,用户表现层表现层甚至可以不知道数据库是结构,只要维护与数据的访问层之间的接口即可。这种方式在一定程度上增加了数据库的安全性,同时也降低了对用户表现层开发人员的要求,因为表现层不需要进行任何关于数据库的操作。
根据上述的分析,可以描述出系统的功能模块图。分别从管理员界面、学生界面、教师界面对功能模块进行描述。
①管理员界面的功能模块如图2-1所示
图2-1 管理界面的系统功能模块图
②教师界面的功能模块如图2-2所示
如图2-2教师界面的功能模块
③学生界面的功能模块如图2-3所示
图2-3学生界面的功能模块
三、数据库的设计和实现 (一)、数据库需求分析
用户的需求具体体现在对各种信息的提供和查询,数据库是此类系统的核心,系统中所有的信息都存储在数据库中,在所有ASP.NET 页面中通过ADO.NET 与数据库连接,操作数据库中的数据,从而实现所有需要的功能。数据库软件有很多,本系统中数据库采用Microsoft SQL Server 2005作为数据库工具。数据库是网站的核心,数据库设计的合理与否对网站的建设有着至关重要的影响。一个良好的数据库开发过程一般是先系统分析,再逻辑设计,然后物理实现。物理设计为逻辑设计中的数据模型选取一个最合理的应用环境的物理结构,通常选取一个常用数据库软件,用数据库软件创建与逻辑设计中数据模型对应的数据库。 (二)、数据库设计
数据库在一个信息管理系统中占非常重要的地位,数据库结构设计的好坏将直接对应用系统的效率以及实现的效果产生影响。合理的数据库结构设计可以提高数据存储的效率,保证数据的完整和一不致。设计数据库系统时应该首先充分的了解用户各个方面的需求,包括现在的以及将来可能增加的需求。本系统提供的数据库结构是SQL Server 2005格式的。使用的数据库db.mdf 。其中有些表格是提供给开发使用的,这些表分别是管理员表(User),教师表(Teacher),学生表(Student),选课表(Elect),系表(Depart),课程表(Cource) 管理员表(user )
表3-1 管理员表
教师表(Teacher)
表3-2 教师表
学生表(Student)
表3-3 学生表
选课表(Elect)
表3-4 选课表
系表(Depart)
表3-5 系表
课程表(Cource)
3-6课程表
四、详细设计
(一)、公共类与公共页面设计
Web.Config 文件是用来保存网站的很多全局设置,代码是通过using Configuration 引用,在Web.Config 文件中添加数据库连接字符串。在ADO.NET 中用一个字符串来表示一个数据库,一般都把这个字符串放到Web.Config 文件中,在整个项目中均可使用。
name="ConnectionString"
connectionString="Data
Source=LENOVO-PC;Initial Catalog=ElectClass;User ID=root;Password=root" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" />
(二)、主模块
“主模块”简单说明,如表4-1所示
表4-1 “主模块”简单说明