2016年6月英语六级第二套真题听力原文

16年第二套真题听力 Conversation One

对话一

W: So Mike, you managed the innovation project at CucinTech. 女：迈克，你在CucinTech 公司负责了一个创新项目。

M: I did indeed.

男：是的。

W: Well then, first, congratulations!

女：那么，首先，祝贺你！

It seems to have been very successful.

这个项目看起来很成功。

M: Thanks, yes. I really helped things turn around at CucinTech. 男：谢谢，是的。我真的帮助CucinTech 扭转了局面。

W: Was the revival in their fortunes entirely due to strategic innovation? 女：CucinTech 命运的逆转是否完全归功于战略创新？

M: Yes, yes I think it was. CucinTech was a company who were very much following the pack, doing what everyone else was doing, and getting rapidly left behind.

男：是的，我认为是这样的。CucinTech 以前只是一味地随大流，重复别人的做法，所以很快就落在了其他公司的后面。

I could see there was a lot of talent there, and some great potential —particularly in their product development.

我看到公司有很多人才并且公司存在巨大的潜力——尤其是公司的产品研发。 I just have to harness that somehow.

我只需要采取某种方法来治理公司就可以。

W: Was innovation at the core of the project?

女：这个项目的核心就是创新？

M: Absolutely. If it doesn't sound like too much of a cliche, our world is constantly changing, and it's changing quickly.

男：当然了。这听上去不太像陈词滥调，我们的世界在不断快速地变化。 We need to be innovating constantly to keep up with this. 我们需要不断创新，以跟上时代的步伐。

Stand still, and you're lost.

停滞不前就等于落后。

W: No stopping to sniff the roses?

女：难道都不能稍作停歇吗？

M: Well, I'll do that in my personal life, sure.

男：在我的个人生活中，我可能会稍作停歇。

But as a business strategy, I'm afraid there's no stopping.

但是在商业策略中，我恐怕是不能停歇的。

W: What exactly is strategic innovation then?

女：策略创新到底指的是什么？

M: Strategic innovation is the process of managing innovation, of making sure it takes place at all levels of the company, and that it's related to the company's overall strategy.

男：策略创新是管理创新的过程，要确保在公司里全面展开，策略创新还与公司的总体战略相关。

W: I see.

女：我明白了。

M: So, instead of innovation for innovation's sake and new products being created simply because the technology is there,

男：所以，策略创新不是为了创新而去创新，也不是简单地生产新的产品，因为科技就可以做这些事情，

the company culture must switch from these point-in-time innovations to a continuous pipeline of innovations from everywhere and everyone.

企业文化必须从偶发性的创新转变成每个人都随时随地地创新。

W: How did you align strategies throughout the company?

女：你是如何加强整个公司的策略创新的？

M: I soon became aware that campaigning is useless.

男：我很快就意识到在公司倡导创新是没用的。

People take no notice. Simply it came about through good practice trickling down.

这不能引起人们的注意。只有良好的实践结果逐渐深入人心，人们才会接受它。 This built consent—people could see it was the best way to work.

这样人们就能达成一致——人们明白创新才是最好的工作方式。

W: Does innovation on this scale really give a competitive advantage? 女：创新真的能加强公司的竞争优势吗？

M: I am certain of it. Absolutely.

男：我对此非常确信。

Especially if it's difficult for a competitor to copy.

尤其是，当创新不容易被竞争者抄袭的时候。

The risk is, of course, that innovation may frequently lead to imitation. 当然，创新的风险是可能会经常被模仿。

W: But not if it's strategic?

女：但是如果是策略创新，那么就不容易被模仿了。

M: Precisely!

男：非常正确！

W: Thanks for talking to us.

女：非常感谢你接受我们的采访。

M: Sure.

男：不客气。

Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 问题1到4是基于刚刚所听到的那段录音。

Question1. What seems to have been very successful according to the woman speaker?

问题1：这位女士说什么是非常成功的？

Question2. What did the company lack before the man's scheme was implemented?

问题2：男士的计划实施之前，公司缺乏什么？

Question3. What does the man say he should do in his business?

问题3：男士说在商业领域他应该做的是什么？

Question4. What does the man say is the risk of innovation?

问题4：男士说创新的风险是什么？

Conversation Two

对话二

M: Today my guest is Dana Ivanovich who has worked for the last twenty years as an interpreter. Dana, welcome.

男：今天的嘉宾是达纳·伊万诺维奇，在过去的二十年里，她一直在做口译工作。欢迎达纳。 W: Thank you.

女：谢谢。

M: Now I'd like to begin by saying that I have on occasions used an interpreter myself, as a foreign correspondent, so I am full of admiration for what you do. 男：节目的开始我想说，有时候我也给自己配一位口译者作为驻外记者。所以我很钦佩你们所做的工作。

But I think your profession is sometimes underrated, and many people think anyone who speaks more than one language can do it…

但是我认为你们的职业难度有时会被低估，很多人认为会说不止一种语言的人就能做你们这个工作。

W: There aren't any interpreters I know who don't have professional qualifications and training.

女：我所认识的口译工作者都取得了专业资质，并且都经过了专业的训练。

You only really get proficient after many years in the job.

在这一行工作很多年后，你真的能更加熟练。

M: And am I right in saying you can divide what you do into two distinct methods, simultaneous and consecutive interpreting?

男：你们的工作中有两种不同的翻译方式：同声传译和交替传译，我说的对吗？

W: That's right. The techniques you use are different, and a lot of interpreters will say one is easier than the other, less stressful.

女：你说的对。二者所用方法是不同的，很多译员认为同声传译比交替传译简单，工作强度小。

M: Simultaneous interpreting, putting someone's words into another language more or less as they speak, sounds to me like the more difficult.

男：同声传译需要口译者在说话者正在说话时，把他所说的话翻译成的另一种语言，对我而言，这比较难。

W: Well, actually no, most people in the business would agree that consecutive interpreting is the more stressful.

女：其实则不然，大多数口译者都认为交替传译比同声传译更有压力。

You have to wait for the speaker to deliver quite a chunk of language, before you then put it into the second language, which puts your short term memory under intense stress.

你必须等说话者传递完大量的语言信息之后才能把这些信息翻译成第二种语言，这会让你的短期记忆承受巨大的压力。

M: You make notes, I presume.

男：我想你会做笔记的。

W: Absolutely, anything like numbers, names, places, have to be noted down, but the rest is never translated word for word.

女：当然了，像数字、名字、地点等这些信息都需要记录下来，但是其他的信息就决不能再逐字逐句地翻译了。

You have to find a way of summarising it so that the message is there. 你必须要找到一种方法来总结这些信息，这样你才能把这些信息全部记录下来。

Turning every single word into the target language would put too much strain on the interpreters and slow down the whole process too much.

如果把每一个单词都翻译成目标语言，这会给口译者带来巨大的压力，也会大大降低整个过程的进程。

M: But with simultaneous interpreting, you start translating almost as soon as the other person starts speaking.

男：但是对于同声传译，你几乎需要在别人一开始说话的时候就开始翻译。

You must have some preparation beforehand.

你需要事先做一些准备。

W: Well, hopefully the speakers will let you have an outline of the topic a day or two in advance.

女：但愿说话者会提前一两天给你一份谈话的大纲。

You have a little time to do research, prepare technical expressions and so on. 这样你就有一些时间来做调查，准备技术用语等。

Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 问题5到8是基于刚刚所听到的那段录音。

Question 5.What are the speakers mainly talking about?

问题5：这两位说话者主要谈论了什么？

Question 6.What does the man think of Dana's profession?

问题6：男士认为达纳的职业怎样？

Question 7.What does Dana say about the interpreters she knows?

问题7：达纳对于她所认识的口译者说了些什么？

Question 8.What do most interpreters think of consecutive interpreting? 问题8：大多数口译者认为交替传译怎样？

Passage One

短文一

Mothers have been warned for years that sleepingwith their newborn infant is a bad idea because itincreases the risk that the baby might dieunexpectedly during the night.

多年来妈妈们一直被警告，与新生儿睡在一起不好，因为这会增加婴儿夜间意外死亡的风险。 But now Israeli researchers are reporting that evensleeping in the same room can have negative consequences: not for the child, but for the mother.

以色列的研究人员发现妈妈和婴儿在同一个房间睡觉会产生负面影响：不是对婴儿而是对妈妈。

Mothers who slept in the same room as their infants, whether in the same bed or just the sameroom, had poorer sleep than mothers whose babies slept elsewhere in the house:

无论妈妈和婴儿是同床睡还是只是在同一个房间睡觉，妈妈的睡眠质量都不如和婴儿分房睡觉妈妈们的睡眠质量好。

They woke up more frequently, were awake approximately 20 minutes longer per night, andhad shorter periods of uninterrupted sleep.

她们醒来的频率会更高，每晚醒着的时间要多出大约20分钟，其中每段的睡眠时间也会较短。

These results held true even taking into account that many of the women in the study werebreast-feeding their babies.

很多被调查的妈妈是母乳喂养，她们的睡眠结果也与上述调查结果一致。

Infants, on the other hand, didn't appear to have worse sleep whether they slept in the sameor different room from their mothers.

另一方面，婴儿无论是否和妈妈在同一个房间睡觉，她们的睡眠质量都不受影响。

The researchers acknowledge that since the families they studied were all middle-class Israelis,

研究人员承认由于他们的研究对象都是以色列的中产阶级家庭。

it's possible that the results will be different in different cultures.

研究结果有可能不适用于其他文化背景的家庭。

Lead author Liat Tikotzky wrote in an email that the research team also didn't measure fathers'sleep,

第一作者Liat Tikotzky在一封电子邮件中写到研究团队还没有研究爸爸的睡眠，

so it's possible that their sleep patterns could also be causing the sleep disruptions for moms.

所以爸爸的睡眠模式也可能导致妈妈睡眠中断。

Right now, to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome , the American Academy ofPediatrics recommends that mothers not sleep in the same bed as their babies, but sleep in thesame room.

现在，为了降低婴儿猝死的风险，美国儿科学会建议妈妈们不要跟婴儿同床睡，但可以睡在一个房间。

The Israeli study suggests that doing so may be best for baby, but may take a toll on Mom.

以色列的研究显示这样做可能对婴儿最好，但是妈妈们可能要付出巨大的代价。 Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.

问题9到11是基于刚刚所听到的那段录音。

Question9. What is the long-held view about mothers sleeping with new-born babies?

问题9：长期以来，人们对妈妈和新生儿睡在一起的观点是什么？

Question10. What do Israeli researchers' findings show?

问题10：以色列的研究者发现显示了什么？

Question11. What does the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend mothers do?

问题11：美国儿科学会建议妈妈们怎样做？

Passage Two

短文二

The US has already lost more than a third of thenative languages that existed before Europeancolonization and the remaining 192 are classed bythe UNESCO as ranging between unsafe and extinct .

美国本土语言在欧洲殖民以前就已经存在，现在美国已经丢失了超过1/3的本土语言。剩下的192种语言被联合国教科文组织列为濒临灭绝的语言。

"We need more funding and more effort to returnthese languages to everyday use,"

“我们需要更多的资金并付出更多的努力来让这些濒危语言重新回到日常使用中来，” says Fred Nahwooksy of the National museum of the American Indian, "we are making progress,

国家博物馆的美国原住民Fred Nahwooksy说：“我们正在这方面取得进展，

but money needs to be spent on revitalizing languages, not just documenting them."

我们需要资金来复活这些语言，而不仅仅是把它们记录下来。”

Some 40 languages mainly in California and Oklahoma where thousands of Indians were forcedto relocate in the 19th century have fewer than 10 native speakers.

有40多种语言主要存在于加利福尼亚州和俄克拉荷马州，但在19世纪，这两个州中成千上万的印第安人被迫迁徙，所以目前以这些语言为母语的人已经不足10人。

Part of the issue is that tribal groups themselves don't always believe their languages areendangered until they are down to the last handful of speakers. 出现这个问题的部分原因是很多部落总是不相信他们的语言濒临灭绝，直到他们成了最后几个说本族语的人。

"But progress is being made through immersion schools,

“但是浸润式语言学校的实施已经缓解了上述问题，

because if you teach children when they are young, it will stay with them as adults and that'sthe future." says Mr Nahwooksy, a Comanche Indian.

因为如果在孩子们小时候就教他们说这种语言，那么他们长大后直到未来会一直说这种语言。”科曼奇族的印第安人Nahwooksy 先生说。

Such schools have become a model in Hawaii, but the islanders' local language is still classed bythe UNESCO as critically endangered because only 1000 people speak it.

在夏威夷，这样的学校已经成了典范，但是岛民的本土语言仍旧被联合国教科文组织归为极度濒危语言，因为目前只有1000人在说这种语言。

The decline in the American Indian languages has historical roots: In the mid-19th century,

美国印第安语言的衰落有其历史根源：在19世纪中叶，

the US government adopted a policy of Americanizing Indian children by removing them fromtheir homes and culture.

美国政府采取了美国化印第安儿童的政策，即将印第安人的孩子们赶出他们的家园，将他们与其文化隔绝。

Within a few generations most had forgotten their native tongues.

他们繁衍几代之后，大部分人就已经忘记了自己的母语。

Another challenge to language survival is television.

电视是语言生存的另一个挑战。

It has brought English into homes, and pushed out traditional storytelling and family timetogether, accelerating the extinction of native languages.

电视把英语带入到家庭里，挤掉了传统的家庭讲故事的时间，从而加速了本土语言的灭绝。 Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.

问题12到15是基于刚刚你所听到的那篇短文。

Question12. What do we learn from the report?

问题12：我们从这篇报道中学到了什么？

Question13. For what purpose does Fred Nahwooksy appeal for more funding?

问题13：Fred Nahwooksy需要更多的资金来做什么？

Question14. What is the historical cause of the decline in the American Indian Languages?

问题14：美国印第安语言衰落的历史根源是什么？

Question15. What does the speaker say about television?

问题15：关于电视，说话者都说了什么？

Recording 1

录音一

W: Grag Rosen lost his job as a sales managernearly three years ago, and is still unemployed.

女：格拉戈·罗斯曾是一名销售经理，三年前，他就已经失业，目前仍然处于失业的状态。 M: It literally is like something in a dream toremember what is like to actually be able to go outand put in a day's work and receive a day's pay.

男：当我回忆起能够出去上班，工作一天后，拿到工资的情景，感觉就像在做梦。

W: At first, Rosen bought groceries and made house payments with the help from unemployment insurance .

女：起初，罗斯用失业保险购买日用品、支付房款。

It pays laid off workers up to half of their previous wages while they look for work.

失业的人们在找工作期间可以领取相当于原来工资一半多的失业保险金。

But now that insurance has run out for him and he has to make tough choices..

但是现在，罗斯的失业保险金都花光了，他不得不做出艰难的选择。

He's cut back on medications and he no longer helps support his disabled mother.

他降低医疗费用并且不再赡养他残疾的母亲。

It is devastating experience.

这真是一段令人心力交瘁的经历。

New research says the US recession is now over.

新的研究显示美国的经济衰退现在已经结束。

But many people remain unemployed and unemployed workers face difficult odds.

但是仍旧有很多人失业，失业者面临巨大的困难。

There is literally only one job opening for every five unemployed workers. 一个空缺职位就有五个失业的应征者。

So four out of five unemployed workers have actually no chance of finding a new job.

所以4/5的失业者没有找到新工作的机会。

Businesses have downsized or shut down across America, leading fewer job opportunities forthose in search of work.

美国各地的企业已经裁员或者倒闭，这导致找工作的人拥有更少的就业机会。

Experts who monitor unemployment statistics here in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, say about28,000 people are unemployed,

在宾夕法尼亚州巴克斯县监控失业统计数据的专家称大约有2万8千人失业。

and many of them are jobless due to no fault of their own.

其中很多人并不是由自身过失导致的失业。

That's where the Bucks County CareerLink comes in.

这就形成了巴克斯县的职业链。

Local director Elizabeth Walsh says they provide training and guidance to help unemployedworkers find local job opportunities.

当地的负责人伊丽莎白·沃尔什说他们提供培训和指导以帮助失业者在当地寻找就业机会。 "So here's the job opening, here's the job seeker, match them together under one roof," shesaid.

她说：“这里有职位空缺，那里有求职者，我们就把他们匹配起来。”

But the lack of work opportunities in Bucks County limits how much she can help.

但是巴克斯县缺少就业机会，她能提供的帮助就会受到限制。

Rosen says he hopes Congress will take action.

罗斯说他希望国会能采取措施。

This month he launched the 99ers Union, an umbrella organization of 18 Internet-basedgrassroots groups of 99ers.

本月，他组织了一个99人的联盟，这些人来自18个互联网组织的基层。

Their goal is to convince lawmakers to extend unemployment benefits. 他们的目标是说服立法者延长失业救济的期限。

But Pennsylvania State Representative Scott Petri says governments simply do not haveenough money to extend unemployment insurance .

但是宾夕法尼亚州的代表斯科特·佩特里说政府没有足够的资金来延长失业保险的期限。 He thinks the best way to help the long-term unemployed is to allow private citizens to invest inlocal companies that can create more jobs.

他认为，要想救助那些长期失业者，最好的办法是允许普通公民在当地开办公司，以创造更多的就业机会。

But the boost in investor confidence needed for the plan to work will take time.

但是这一计划需要先增强投资者的信心，而这也将需要一段时间才能完成。

Time that Rosen says still requires him to buy food and make monthly mortg age payments.

罗斯说这段时间他仍旧需要买食物，每月按揭付款。

Rosen says he'll use the last of his savings to try to hang onto the home he worked for morethan 20 years to buy.

罗斯说他将用最后的积蓄来保住他奋斗了20多年才买下的房子。

But once that money is gone, he says he doesn't know what he'll do. 但是他说，一旦把这些钱花完，他就不知道接下来该怎么办了。

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard. 问题16到18是基于刚刚你所听到的那段录音。

Question16. How does unemployment insurance help the unemployed? 问题16：失业保险是如何帮助失业者的？

Question17. What is local director Elizabeth Walsh of the Bucks County CareerLink doing?

问题17：巴克斯县职业链当地的负责人伊丽莎白·沃尔什正在做什么？

Question18. What does Pennsylvania State Representative Scott Petri say is the best way tohelp the long-term unemployed?

问题18：宾夕法尼亚州的代表斯科特·佩特里说帮助长期失业者的最好方式是什么？

Recording 2

录音二

W: Earlier this year, British explorer Pen Huddle andhis team trekked for three months across the frozenArctic Ocean, taking measurements and recordin g observations about the ice.

女：今年年初，佩恩·赫德尔及其团队在北冰洋上艰苦跋涉了3个月，他们对冰进行了测量和记录。

M: Well we'd been led to believe that we wouldencounter a good proportio n of this older, thicker,technically multi-year ice that's been around for a fewyears and just gets thicker and thicker.

男：我们误以为我们能找到很大一部分经过多年冻结形成的更年长、更厚的冰层，这些冰已经存在很多年了，而且会越来越厚。

We actually found there wasn't any multi-year ice at all.

但事实上，我们发现这里根本没有任何多年冻结的冰层。

W: Satellite observations and submarine surveys over the past few years had shown less ice inthe polar region, but the recent measurements show the loss is more pronounced thanpreviously thought.

女：在过去的几年里，卫星观测和海底勘测结果显示极地冰越来越少，近期的测量结果显示极地冰的减少比人们先前想象的更为明显。

M: We're looking at roughly 80 percent loss of ice cover on the Arctic Ocean in 10 years,roughly 10 years, and 100 percent loss in nearly 20 years.

男：我们发现覆盖在北冰洋的冰在大约10年后会减少将近80%，并且20年后冰将全部融化。

W: Cambridge scientist Peter Wadhams, who's been measuring and monitoring the Arctic since1971 says the decline is irreversible.

女：剑桥科学家彼得·沃德姆斯一直在测量和监控北极区域的冰，他认为北极冰的减少是不可逆转的。

M: The more you lose, the more open water is created, the more warming goes on in that openwater during the summer,

男：北极冰减少的越多，无冰水面就会越多，从而无冰水面的气温在夏天会持续升高。 the less ice forms in winter, the more melt there is the following summer. 冬天结的冰也就会减少，来年夏天融化的冰也会增多。

It becomes a breakdown process where everything ends up accelerating until it's all gone.

这就形成了冰的融化过程，所有的步骤都加速了，直到所有的冰都融化。

W: Martin Sommerkorn runs the Arctic program for the environmental charit y the WorldWildlife Fund.

女：马丁·索摩空负责环保慈善机构世界自然基金会的北极项目。

M: The Arctic sea ice holds a central position in the Earth's climate system and it's deterioratingfaster than expected.

北极冰占据地球气候系统的中心位置，并且北极冰恶化的速度比预期的更快。

Actually it has to translate into more urgency to deal with the climate change problem andreduce emissions.

这也就是说我们必须采取紧急措施来应对气候变化并减少温室气体的排放量。

W: Summerkorn says a plan to reduce greenhouse gas emissions blamed for global warmingneeds to come out of the Copenhagen Climate Change Summit in December.

女：索摩空称减少温室气体排放量的计划需要在12月份的哥本哈根气候变化峰会中制定出来。

M: We have to basically achieve there the commitment to deal with the problem now. That'sthe minimum.

男：现在，我们起码要就解决这一问题达成一致承诺。这是最基本的。

We have to do that equitably and we have to find a commitment that is quick.

我们必须公平地去处理问题并采取快速的行动。

W: Wadhams echoes the need for urgency .

沃德姆斯重申了采取紧急措施的重要性。

M: The carbon that we've put into the atmosphere keeps having a warming effect for 100years.

男：我们排放到大气中的二氧化碳所产生的温室效应将持续100年。

So we have to cut back rapidly now, because it will take a long time to work its way through intoa response by the atmosphere. 所以，我们现在必须快速地减少二氧化碳的排放量，因为该措施需要很长时间才能降低空气中的二氧化碳含量。

We can't switch off global warming just by being good in the future, we have to start beinggood now.

我们仅通过以后的良好措施是不能阻止全球变暖的，我们必须现在就采取行动。

W: Wadhams says there is no easy technological fix to climate change. He and other scientistssay there are basically two options to replacing fossil fuels, 女：沃德姆斯称目前没有简单的技术手段能解决气候变化问题。他和其他科学家说目前主要有两种能源来替代化石燃料，

generating energy with renewables, or embracing nuclear power.

再生能源或者核能。

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard. 问题19-22是基于刚刚你所听到的那段录音。

Question19. What did Pen Huddle and his team do in the Arctic Ocean? 问题19：佩恩·赫德尔和他的团队在北冰洋做了什么？

Question20. What does the report say about the Arctic region?

问题20：这份报告报道了有关北极地区的什么？

Question21. What does Cambridge scientist Peter Wadhams say in his study? 问题21：剑桥科学家彼得·沃德姆斯在他的研究中说了什么？

Question22. How does Peter Wadhams view climate change?

问题22：彼得·沃德姆斯如何看待气候变化问题？

Recording 3

录音三

M: From a very early age, some children exhibit better self-control than others.

男：有些孩子在很小的时候就表现出高于其他孩子的自我控制能力。

Now, a new study that began with about 1,000children in New Zealand has tracked how a child's lowself-control can predict poor health, moneytroubles and even a criminal record in their adultyears.

现在，面向新西兰1000名儿童开始的一项新的研究显示，孩子自我控制能力弱，可能是成年后健康不良、金钱问题、甚至犯罪行为的先兆。

Researchers have been studying this group of children for decades now. 研究人员对这群孩子已经进行了多年的跟踪研究。

Some of their earliest observations have to do with the level of self-control the youngstersdisplayed.

他们最早期观察到的一些现象与儿童表现出来的自我控制程度有关。

Parents, teachers, even the kids themselves, scored the youngsters on measures like "acting before thinking" and "persistence in reaching goals."

父母、老师，甚至孩子自己，对孩子们的一些行为方式进行评估。例如“先思考，再行动”和“为达到目标而坚持努力”等等。

The children of the study are now adults in their 30s.

现在，这些接受研究的孩子们已是30多岁的成年人了。

Terrie Moffitt of Duke University and her research colleagues found that kids with self-control issues tended to grow up to become adults with a far more troubling set of issues to deal with.

美国杜克大学的特里·莫菲特和她的研究同事们发现，有自我控制问题的孩子，在长大成人后，会面临更多的严重问题。

W: The children who had the lowest self-control when they were aged 3 to 10, later on had themost health problems in their 30s,

女：3岁到10岁期间自我控制能力最低的孩子，到30岁之后，出现的健康问题最多。 and they had the worst financial situation.

另外，他们的财务情况最糟。

And they were more likely to have a criminal record and to be raising a child as a single parenton a very low income.

而且更可能有犯罪记录，更可能独自抚养孩子，而且收入非常低。

M: Speaking from New Zealand via skype, Moffitt explained that self-control problems werewidely observed,

男：在新西兰接受记者网络电话采访的莫菲特解释说，孩子自我控制的问题已经受到广泛关注，

and weren't just a feature of a small group of misbehaving kids.

这不仅是少数调皮孩子的问题。

W: Even the children who had above-average self-control as pre-schoolers, could havebenefited from more self-control training.

女：即使自我控制能力高于一般水平的学龄前儿童，依然可以经由更多的自我控制训练而获益。

They could have improved their financial situation and their physical and men tal health situation30 years later.

30年之后，他们仍能够改进自己的财务状况以及生理和心理健康。

M: So, children with minor self-control problems were likely as adults to have minor healthproblems, and so on.

男：因此，如果孩子的自我控制能力问题较轻，成人后，出现的健康问题也会较少。

Moffitt said it's still unclear why some children have better self-control than others,

莫菲特谈到，现在还不太清楚的是，为什么有些孩子的自制能力比其他孩子强。

though she says other researchers have found that it's mostly a learned behavior, withrelatively little genetic influence.

有些研究人员说，自制能力基本上是学习得来的，遗传的影响较小。

But good self-control can be set to run in families in that children who have good self-control are more likely to grow up to be healthy and prosperous parents.

但是也有人说，在自我控制良好的家庭中，由于孩子的自我控制能力较强，长大后更可能成为健康和富裕的父母。

W: Whereas some of the low-self-control study members are more likely to be single parentswith a very low income and the parent is in poor health and likely to be a heavy substance abuser.

有些自我控制能力差的人更可能成为低收入、健康不良、吸毒成瘾的单亲父母。 So that's not a good atmosphere for a child.

这样的环境对孩子的成长不利。

So it looks as though self-control is something that in one generation can dis advantage thenext generation.

因此，自我控制能力看来会从一代影响到下一代。

M: But the good news is that Moffitt says self-control can be taught by parents and throughschool curricula that have proved to be effective .

男：但是也有好消息。莫菲特说，自我控制能力可以由父母训练培养，而且学校的相关课程也有效果。

Terrie Moffitt's paper on the link between childhood self-control and adult st atus decades lateris published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

特里·莫菲特在美国国家科学院的论文集发表的论文介绍了童年时期的自我控制能力与长大成人后状况之间的联系。

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard. 问题23到25是基于刚才你所听到的那段录音。

Question23. What is the new study about?

问题23：这项新研究是关于什么的？

Question24. What does the study seem to show?

问题24：该研究意在表明什么？

Question25. What does Moffitt say is the good news from their study? 问题25：莫菲特说有关这项研究的好消息是什么？