金融学毕业论文英文资料翻译(中英文全)

毕业论文

英文资料翻译

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2012年 6 月

Improve the concept of financial supervision in rural areas1

Xun Qian

Farmers in China's vast population, has some large-scale production of the farmers, but also survival-oriented farmers, huge differences between the financial needs of rural finance intermediation makes complex, together with agriculture itself is the profit low, natural and market risks high risk decision to weak agricultural industry characteristics, resulting in the cost of rural financial transactions is far higher than the city, also decided to organize the rural financial system in terms of operation or in the market has its own special characteristics. 20 years of financial reform, financial development while the Chinese city made impressive achievements, but the rural finance is the entire financial system is still the weakest link. Insufficient supply of rural finance, competition is not sufficient, farmers and agricultural enterprises in getting loans and other issues is also very prominent, backward rural financial system can no longer effectively support the development of modern agriculture or the transformation of traditional agriculture and the building of new socialist countryside, which to improve the rural financial supervision new topic.

China's rural financial regulatory problems

(A) the formation of China's financial regulatory system had "a line three commission " (People's Bank, the Securities Regulatory Commission, Insurance Regulatory Commission and the Banking Regulatory Commission) financial regulatory structure. Bank

These stringent requirements, different management and diversification of monitoring has its positive role, but it also had some negative effects. First, inefficient supervision, supervision of internal consumption of high costs, limited financial industry business development and innovation space. Second, the regulatory agencies, regulatory bodies and the information asymmetry between central banks, banking, securities, and insurance mechanisms of coordination between regulatory bodies are 1 American Journal of Agricultural Economics，2009.

not perfect. Information between central banks and regulatory agencies is difficult to share, is difficult to create effective monitoring force. Basically between the various regulators in their respective state regulators, regulatory policies and measures to overlapping or conflicting phenomena have occurred, unable to cope with China's current rural financial market complexity and diversity and so on. Third, financial institutions have liquidity risk or out of the market and so on, may be excessive because the central bank assistance, financial institutions and financial institutions led to the person in charge "capacity risk" and "moral hazard", or for financial institutions regulatory arbitrage possibilities; addition, since the lack of recourse, may adversely affect the financial stability.

(B) rural financial ecological environment is not in-depth

The current financial environment in rural county building still remains in the letter the user, village, township, community development credit level, "government-led, human-propelled, departmental interaction" and create a mechanism for financial ecological environment in rural areas lack. Local governments and authorities the importance of financial knowledge of the ecological environment is not deep, implementation and functions of individual local protectionism and heavy, there is interference with the financial sector credit and other daily business situation. Rural credit system lag, lack of bad credit punishment mechanism, rural businesses and residents in the overall credit awareness is not high, rural finance development and expansion of social services and social protection of the environment has not yet formed.

(C) China's existing legal system of financial supervision and a number of shortcomings, can not guarantee that financial regulation is reasonable, effective, standardized implementation

First, regulatory lag, supporting regulations are incomplete, the content is too rough, too simple, the banking, securities and insurance supervision laws and regulations more old, a general lack of quantitative science. Supervisory regulations and standards, regulatory methods and technical means not meet regulatory requirements in the market. Staff in the actual implementation, not easy to grasp the scale, may of operation. Second, the Chinese regulators and the regulated objects exist

some interest, and the existing regulations, lack of supervision and regulatory enforcement are to ensure that financial regulation can not be just and reasonable. Finally, China's financial supervision is still difficult to shake off the inertia of the executive-style regulatory impact.

(D) of the Rural Financing drifting outside the existing financial regulatory

According to IFAD study, Chinese farmers from the informal financial institutions, loans from official credit institutions about 4 times. For farmers, the importance of informal financial markets over the formal financial market. China's mainly rural folk form of finance rural credit cooperatives, Cooperation, private lending, private banks, private funds, microfinance, etc., of which only rural credit cooperatives and microfinance in China's financial supervision under the rest of the financial forms the lack of appropriate supervision. The general lack of rural financial organizations of civil norms, there is a big risk, China's existing laws and regulations on private financial institutions in rural areas is one of "isolation" policy, making a lot of money from the dark into the rural financial market and greater regulation of financial difficulty, on rural financial security is a potential threat.

learn from the developed countries

(A) improve coordination of rural finance mechanisms for external supervision

1. The United States "multiple composite" of the coordination mechanism. U.S. financial cooperation system in rural areas by the federal mid-term credit banks, cooperative banks, federal land banks and federal land bank system composed of three Cooperatives, the Farm Credit Administration (NCUA) leadership, and with the Council under the leadership of the private banks in rural commercial credit, National Rural Credit Bank policy of the United States shared the task of rural financial intermediation. The organizational model is a typical multi-mode hybrid system, three systems have an independent management system, with clear terms of reference. To ensure the healthy development of rural financial institutions, commercial banks in the United States adopted a different regulatory models, specifically setting up a relatively sound financial regulatory system in rural areas, including regulators, industry self-regulation associations, financial intermediation and mutual insurance group clearing center, the four kind of independent agencies and their subsidiary bodies, the functions of different, but share the same objectives as a common rural

cooperative financial institutions to serve the regulatory system.

2. Germany's "comprehensive regulatory model" of coordination mechanisms. Low concentration of the German banking system, in the very important parts of the bank, the representative of the financial mixed operation. Commonwealth Bank and the Federal Financial Supervisory Authority the power to regulate the two main regulators of the banking sector there is a clear division of labor, but also close cooperation. Commonwealth Bank in Germany, nine states have branch offices, using their own network advantages to the Federal Financial Supervisory Authority is responsible for daily transmission of data banks focus for the Federal Financial Authority to provide a better basis for the exercise of regulatory functions, but it is not directly involved in the regulation work, nor has the administrative punishment. The Federal Financial Supervisory Authority did not have branches in the states, it is difficult to carry out regular supervision, need to cooperate with the Commonwealth Bank to perform its regulatory functions. Germany's main central banks and industry rely on the federal audit of the regulatory system and risk prevention and protection system to ensure rural finance in the specification on the basis of co ntinuous development.

3. Japan's "complement each other-type" coordination mechanism. In Japan, the dual supervision of the implementation of rural finance: first, the Office of Government financial regulation, supervision on the implementation of various financial institutions, to achieve the overall risk control; Second, national and local Forestry and Fisheries Department with the Office of Financial Regulation on the implementation of rural financial institutions supervision, including the Ministry of Agriculture consists of the branch on Norinchukin supervision, Forestry and Fisheries set up in six major areas of agricultural area in County Council on joint supervision of the letter, and all, Road House, County Farmer of the Ministry of Agriculture within its jurisdiction Association for Cooperative Finance Supervision Department

(B) the establishment of deposit insurance and emergency rescue system to form a three-tier safety net

Developed financial system generally established strict internal manage ment system, deposit insurance system and the system of three emergency safety net. As a second-class safety net of deposit insurance system has been very satisfactory. The federal government on rural finance unified compulsory deposit insurance, the

specific business operation by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation's Savings Association Insurance Fund, and to assume supervision of the insured financial institutions; the German government on the implementation of the voluntary deposit of credit co-insurance, not mandatory insurance, its insurance sector is the industry organization; Japan's credit co-national compulsory deposit insurance, the insurance agency is a joint venture between Government and the people, by the Government, Norinchukin Bank, Japan Bank, Credit Union and a coalition of agricultural water fishery credit cooperatives Industry Insurance Agency. As a third-class safety net for emergency rescue system, specific measures for implementation in different countries, bank deposits for the brink of bankruptcy, in some countries directly by the central bank to offer special low-interest loans (such as the U.S. and Italy), in some countries by the bank regulatory authorities and other Commercial Bank for the establishment of special institutions to finance the rescue (such as France and Belgium), a number of countries came forward by the deposit insurance agency to provide funds (such as Japan), more by one or a few large banks in support of official support.

(C) rural finance within the industry associations to play a regulatory role

1. U.S. Rural Cooperative Finance Association of self-management. In the United States, various credit associations or co-finance up to several dozen, including a long history, nationally renowned for the National Association of Credit (CUNA), a specialized credit services for the Federal Register Association (NAFCU), there are also special school credit for community service credit unions and associations (CCUC), etc.. While the states also have their own Credit Union Association. The trade association is one of the major work to develop a code of conduct, self-regulation management.

2. German credit cooperation and other cooperative system of industry self-regulation of mutual integration. German cooperation in the National Credit Union (BVR) is a cooperative bank industry self-regulatory organizations, grass-roots local cooperative banks, cooperative banks and district central cooperative banks, as well as professional co-finance companies, cooperative credit union is a member. Germany 11 contributions from the various types of cooperatives set up jointly organized a regional cooperative audit association, responsible for annual audit of the specialized agencies of the various types of cooperatives, which are also common types of cooperatives at the district level, the industry watchdog, plays an important

industry supervisory role.

3. Set supervision and service in one of the Japanese Agricultural Association. Japanese government in 1947 promulgated the "Agricultural Cooperative Law," agricultural association provides services for members of cooperative organizations, its not for profit, adhere to the rural communities and members for the service centers, institutional system based on grass-roots level according to facilitate farmers , established the principle manageable. The main source of funding is to absorb the rural deposits, in principle, limited to serving as a member of the farmers and agricultural groups. To ensure financial security cooperation, and healthy run, set up a rural credit insurance, temporary transfers of funds mutual aid system and credit cooperative organizations, and government co-funded deposit insurance system, agricultural disaster compensation system and the agricultural credit guarantee system for the insurance system measures.

improve the financial supervision of the concept of rural China

(A) improve and perfect the legal system of rural financial regulation, supervision according to law

Finance as the core of the economy, the continued growth of rural finance is more in need of legal regulation and a sound legal environment, accelerate the development of rural finance laws, no legal basis to change the situation, has become the strong demand of rural financial development. Since the reform and opening up, no one for rural finance, rural financial regulation can serve as a basis for law. To achieve effective supervision, the need for additional professional laws, regulations, and specific regulatory measures, regulations and implementation details, so as to achieve from the general administrative supervision to improve the legal system, efforts to establish changed the credit system, and ultimately control law .

While in strengthening the legal system, adopt effective measures to stre ngthen the integrity of the whole community education and step up publicity to raise awareness of the general financial and legal residents, to actively support the work of the national collective finance; education of the population according to lending, and actively with the illegal lending practices fight, really create a sound legal basis, that the law according to the credit environment and legal environment.

(B) give full play to grassroots government, professional regulatory function

Actively cooperate with local governments at all levels and support the financial regulatory authorities in rural credit markets make an important guarantee for supervision. To actively coordinate local government and non-basic level target consistency, to avoid the expense of national interests and local interests of the occurrence.

The Chinese government should establish a tax system is different from commercial banks, a low tax or tax-free policy, by policy banks to provide low-interest or interest-free loans of rural finance, rural finance to increase subsidies and assistance. Those relatively large amount of private credit, shall be approved by local authorities just to strengthen the audit checks to the legitimate rights and interests protected.

China's rural economy, small and dispersed operations, has not been large-scale establishment of agricultural insurance, in case of force majeure, the rural financial system will face great risk. Chinese financial institutions in the internal governance structure and risk management system has been initially established, the basic external financial regulation in place of the case, should refer to the experience of developed countries, commercial banks in the country to establish a mandatory deposit insurance system and the emergency rescue system, the formation of three protection network.

(C) strictly rural financial institutions, "access and" to improve the professional standards of financial supervision

Financial regulators should be a good loan companies, postal savings banks, rural credit union funds, village banks and other new-type rural financial institutions, market access, ensure that the new-type rural financial institutions in corporate governance, capital adequacy ratio to meet the requirements. Kind in the country selected the new rural financial institutions, better internal control system, modified to add a representative of management to form the template to help set up rural financial institutions, covering credit, billing, savings, cash, security and other risk point of internal control system . Establish small rural banks and other financial institutions, guidance system, the financial regulators to conduct the transition of its guidance, to promote rural financial institutions to a sound system of internal control as soon as possible, improve management, risk control and management mechanisms work well.

(D) to play the role of industry self-regulatory associations, to promote the vitality and force the formation of the banking sector

China was set up in late 2005, China Banking Association of Rural Financial Working Committee, the current to China Banking Regulatory Commission and the provincial government regulatory framework based on an industry self-regulatory organization more. Promoting the Development, promoting and developing self-regulatory functions of trade associations, for building a healthy banking system in China is significant. Association to play a functional role to guide the establishment of liaison mechanisms and management of daily work, and improving the industry conventions and regulations, regulators should not control those, which were needed in the work of regulatory bodies, as far as possible by the association responsible for promoting the formation of the energy and banking efforts to achieve self-management and trade association national regulatory authorities to monitor the combination system of regulation.

(E) to safeguard the security and financial safety regulation to changes in both the core competitiveness

The nature of financial regulation is intended to innovation and development of the financial industry to create a favorable internal and external environment, rather than constrained the development and expansion of rural finance. For the monitoring and supervision, do not speak the efficiency of regulation, which implies the greatest risk, will affect the long-term development of the rural financial sector.

Conclusion

In short, improving financial supervision in terms of its breadth, should be an include government regulation, industry self-regulation, financial institutions, internal control, four levels of social supervision system; its depth, it should be involved in risk prevention, effective access, legal norms, the operation simple and efficient aspects of a systems engineering. Only by striving to improve the new concept of financial supervision, the introduction of new methods of financial supervision in order to receive financial regulation expected results. Only in this way can be established consistent with China's national conditions, but also to adapt to modern requirements of international financial regulatory system in rural China.

发展中国农村金融监管的思考

Xun Qian

农民在中国人口众多, 有一些大型生产的农民, 但也自给自足的农民, 巨大的金融需求之间的差异使农村金融需求很是复杂, 连同农业本身是利润低、自然和市场风险高的风险决策农业产业特性, 软弱的农村金融交易的成本远高于城市, 也决定组织农村金融体系的运行或市场有其自身的特点。20年的金融改革, 而中国金融发展了令人印象深刻的成就, 但农村金融体系是整个金融体系仍是最弱的一环。供应不足, 农村金融竞争依然不足, 农民和农业企业贷款和其他的问题也很突出, 落后的农村金融体系, 不能再对现代农业发展和改造传统的农业和社会主义新农村建设提供有效地支持, 改善农村金融监督管理的新课题。

中国农村金融监管存在的问题

（一）中国的金融监管体系形成了“一行三会”（中国人民银行、证券监督管理委员会、保险监督管理委员会和银行监督管理委员会）的金融监管格局。

这些严格要求的分业经营和多元化监管有它的积极作用，但同时也产生了一些负面影响。第一，效率低下的监督、监督的内部消费金融行业的高成本, 限制商业创新和发展空间。第二，监管机构和监管机构之间的信息不对称, 中央银行、银行、证券、保险监管机构之间的协调机制不是完美的。中央银行之间的不完全信息和监管机构共享困难，很难建立有效的监控。基本上，监管者在各自的国家部门、管制政策和措施或相互矛盾的现象已经发生重叠，无法面对当前中国农村金融市场的复杂性和多样性等。第三, 金融机构的流动性风险或退出市场等方面，可能会由于中央银行救助过度，导致金融机构和金融机构负责人的“能力风险”和“道德风险”，或为金融机构提供监管套利的可能性；另外，由于求助不足，可能会影响整个金融稳定。

（二）农村金融生态环境建设还不完善

目前县域农村的金融生态环境建设工作仍然停留于信用户、村、乡、信用社区建设层面上，“政府主导，人力助推，部门联动”的金融生态环境创建机制在农村地区缺失。地方政府和主管部门对金融生态环境重要性的认识程度不深，个别执行和职能部门地方保护主义较重，还存在干扰金融部门信贷投放等日常业务的情况。农村信用体系建设滞后，失信惩戒机制缺失，农村企业和居民整体信用意识不高，农村金融发展壮大的社会服务和社会保护环境还未形成。

（三）中国现有金融监管的法律体系存在弊端，无法保证金融监管合理、有效地实施

第一，监管法规滞后，配套法规不完善，内容过粗、过于简单，有关银行、证券、保险业监督法律、法规比较陈旧，普遍缺乏科学定量。监管法规标准、监管方式和技术手段不适应市场监管要求。工作人员在实际执行中，不易把握尺度，可操作性不强。第二，中国监管人员与被监管对象之间有的存在着利益关系，而现行法规中，缺乏对监管执行者的监督，从而无法保证金融监管的公正、合理。最后，中国金融监管仍然难以摆脱行政式监管的惯性影响。

（四）民间金融处于金融监管之外

根据国际农业发展基金的研究报告，中国农民来自非正式金融机构的贷款大约为来自正式信贷机构的4倍。对于农民来说，非正式金融市场的重要性超过了正式金融市场。而中国农村民间金融的主要表现形式有农村信用社、合会、民间借贷、私人钱庄、民间集资、小额信贷等，其中仅有农村信用社和小额信贷处于中国金融监管之下，其余金融形式都缺少相应的监管。农村民间金融组织总体缺乏规范，存在较大风险，中国现有法律法规对农村民间金融机构实行的是“隔离”政策，使得大量资金从暗中注入农村金融市场，更加大了金融监管的难度，对农村金融安全是一个潜在的威胁。

发达国家农村金融监管的借鉴

（一）完善的农村金融外部监管协调机制

1．美国“多元复合式”的协调机制。美国农村金融合作体系由联邦中期信用银行、合作银行、联邦土地银行及联邦土地银行合作社三大系统组成，由农业信用管理局领导，并与该局领导下的私营农村商业信贷银行、国家农村政策性信贷银行共同承担着美国农村融通资金的任务。其组织模式属于典型的多元复合式体制模式，三大系统都有一套自主经营的体制，有明确的职责范围。为保证农村金融机构的健康发展，美国采取了不同于商业银行的监管模式，专门设立了比较健全的农村金融监管体系，包括监管机构、行业自律协会、资金融通清算中心和互助保险集团，这四种机构及其附属机构各自独立、职能各异，但目标一致，形成共同的以农村合作金融机构为服务对象的监管体系。

2．德国“综合监管型”的协调机制。德国银行系统集中程度低，在各地都有很重要的银行，是金融混业经营的代表。联邦银行和联邦金融监管局两个有权监管主体对银行业的监管既有明确分工，又有紧密合作。联邦银行在德国9个州都有分支机构，利用自身网点优势负责每天向联邦金融监管局传送各银行集中的

数据，为联邦金融监管局更好行使监管职能提供依据，但它并不直接参与监管工作，也不具有行政处罚权。而联邦金融监管局在各州没有分支机构，很难开展日常监管工作，需要与联邦银行合作履行其监管职能。德国主要依托联邦中央银行和行业审计的监管体制和风险防范与保护系统，保证农村金融在规范的基础上不断发展。

3．日本“相互配合型”的协调机制。在日本，对农村金融实施双重监管：一是政府金融监管厅，对各种金融机构实施监管，以实现整体风险调控；二是全国和地方农林水产部门配合金融监管厅对农村金融机构实施监管，包括农林水产省下设金融科对农林中央金库的监管，农林水产省在六个大区设置农政局对辖区内县信联的监管，以及都、道、府、县农政部对辖内农协合作金融部的监管

（二）建立存款保险制度和紧急救援制度，形成三级保护网

发达国家金融体系普遍建立了严格的内部管理制度、存款保险制度和紧急救援制度三级保护网。作为第二级保护网的存款保险制度已经非常完善。美国联邦政府对农村金融的存款统一实行强制保险，具体业务由联邦存款保险公司经营的储蓄协会保险基金承担，并承担对投保金融组织的监督；德国政府对信用合作的存款实行自愿投保，不强制保险，其保险机构是行业组织的；日本的信用合作存款保险是国家强制的，保险机构是官民合营的，由政府、农林中央金库、日本银行、信用联社和渔业信用联社联合组成农水产业保险机构。作为第三级保护网的紧急救援制度各国的具体实施办法不同，对于濒临破产的存款银行，一些国家由中央银行直接提供特别的低利贷款，一些国家由银行管理当局和其他商业银行联合建立特别机构提供资金援救，一些国家由存款保险机构出面提供资金，更多的是由一个或几个大银行在官方的支持下提供支持。

（三）发挥农村金融内部行业协会的监管作用

1．美国农村合作金融行业协会的自律管理。在美国，各种信用社协会或合作金融多达几十个，其中有历史悠久、全国闻名的信用社全国协会，有专门为联邦注册信用社服务的协会，还有专门为社区信用社和校园信用社服务的协会等。同时各州中还有自己的信用社联合协会。这些行业协会从事的主要工作之一就是制定行为规范，进行自律管理。

2．德国信用合作与其他合作社相互融合的行业自律体系。德国全国信用合作联盟（BVR ）是合作银行的行业自律组织，基层地方合作银行、地区合作银行及中央合作银行，以及一些专业性的合作金融公司，都是信用合作联盟的会员。德国11家由各类合作社缴纳会费共同组织成立的区域性合作社审计协会，负责一年一次专门对各类合作社机构进行审计，其也是各类合作社在地区一级共同的

行业监督组织，发挥着重要的行业监督作用。

3．集监管和服务于一身的日本农协。日本政府于1947年颁布了《农业协同组合法》，规定农协是为社员服务的合作社组织，其不以赢利为目的，坚持以农村社区和社员为服务中心，机构体系根据立足基层、方便农户、便于管理的原则设立。其资金来源主要是吸收农村存款，服务对象原则上限定在作为会员的农户和农业团体。为了保证合作金融安全、健康地运行，设立了农村信用保险制度、临时性资金调剂的相互援助制度以及政府和信用合作组织共同出资的存款保险制度、农业灾害补偿制度和农业信用保证保险制度等制度措施。

完善中国农村金融监管的思考

（一）完善农村金融监管法律，实现依法监管

金融作为经济的核心，农村金融的持续成长更需要法律的调节和健全的法制环境，加快制定农村金融法规，改变无法可依的状况，已成为当前农村金融发展的强烈要求。改革开放以来，还没有一部针对农村金融、可以作为农村金融监管依据的法律。要实现有效监管，需要制定更多的专业性法规、条例，以及具体的监管办法、规定和实施细则等，从而实现从一般性行政监管向健全法制、努力建立信用体系方面改变，最终实现依法监管。

在加强法制建设的同时，采取有效性措施加强全社会诚信教育，加大宣传力度，提高广大居民的金融法律意识，使其积极支持国家集体金融的工作；教育居民依法借贷，积极同违法借贷行为作斗争，真正地营造一个有法可依、有法必依的信用氛围和法制环境。

（二）充分发挥基层政府中专业机构的监管职能

各级地方政府的积极配合和大力支持是金融监管部门做好农村信贷市场监管的重要保障。要积极地协调地方政府和基层人行目标的非一致性，避免因地方利益而损害国家利益现象的发生。

中国政府应建立有别于商业银行的税收体系，实行低税或免税的政策，通过政策性银行为农村金融提供低息或无息贷款，加大对农村金融的补贴和援助。 对那些数额较大的民间信贷，应经当地公正机关公正，加强审核把关，使当事人的合法权益受到保护。

中国农村经济规模小且经营分散，又尚未大规模建立农业保险，在遇到不可抗力因素时，农村金融会遭遇巨大的系统风险。在中国金融机构内部的治理结构和风险管理制度已初步建立，外部金融监管基本到位的情况下，应参照发达国家的经验，在全国商业银行建立强制的存款保险制度和紧急救援制度，形成三级保

护网。

（三）严把农村金融机构“准入关”，提高金融监管的专业水平 金融监管部门应把好贷款公司、邮政储蓄银行、农村资金互助社、村镇银行等新型农村金融机构的市场准入关，确保新型农村金融机构法人治理结构、资本充足率等符合要求。在全国同类新型农村金融机构中选取较好的内控制度，修改补充后形成有代表性的管理模板，帮助农村金融机构建立起涵盖信贷、结算、储蓄、现金、保卫等风险点的内控制度。建立对村镇银行等中小金融机构的辅导制度，由金融监管部门对其进行过渡期指导，促使农村金融机构尽快形成内控制度健全、经营管理完善、风险控制和运作良好的经营机制。

（四）发挥行业协会的自律监管作用，促进形成银行业的活力和合力

2005年底，中国成立中国银行业协会农村金融工作委员会，现有的以中国银监会和各省级政府为主的监管构架就多了一个行业自律组织。加强行业协会建设，促进发挥行业协会的自律监管职能，对于构筑健康的中国银行业监管体系意义重大。引导协会发挥职能作用，建立日常工作联系机制和管理办法，完善同业公约及规章，将那些监管部门不宜管，而被监管机构又需要的工作，尽量交由协会负责，促进形成银行业的活力和合力，实现行业协会自律管理与国家监管机构监管相结合的监管体制。

（五）从维护金融安全监管向安全与核心竞争力并重转变

金融监管的本质目的是为金融业的创新和发展营造有利的内部和外部环境，而不是约束农村金融的发展壮大。为监管而监管，不讲效率的监管，都有巨大的风险，会影响农村金融体系的长远发展。

结论

就完善金融监管，从其广度而言，应是一个包括政府监管、行业自律、金融机构自我控制、社会监督四个层次；从其深度而言，应是涉及风险防范、效益获取、法律规范、操作简捷高效等方面的一个系统工程。只有努力完善新的金融监管理念，使用新的金融监管方法，才能收到金融监管的理想效果。也只有这样，才能建立符合中国国情、适应现代化、国际化要求的中国农村金融监管体制。