高中英语代词讲解与练习(附答案)
代 词
一 人称代词
1. 人称代词做主语时用主格,做宾语时用宾格。
2. 在作表语时,用宾格较多,例如:Who is knocking at the door? --- It’s 3. 代词they 不分性别,可以指代已经提到过的人和事,还可以泛指一般人。例如: They say we’re going to have a hot summer. 据说今年夏天会很热。
注意:
1)she 可以用来代表国家,船只,大地,月亮等。 I think England will do what she promised to do.
2) 在并列的主语中,I 总放在最后。
Mary and I will be in charge of the case.
3) 第三人称,男女两性并用时,男先女后。
He and she still don’t agree to the plan.
二 反身代词
1.这些词可用来:
1) 作宾语I can’t express myself in English.
2) 作表语I am not quite myself these days. 我近来身体不大舒服。
3)作主语或宾语的同位语The theory itself is all right.
2.反身代词常和某些动词连用
enjoy oneself (玩儿的开心) , behave oneself(使自己举止良好) , help yourself to sth. (请吃点„),come to oneself (苏醒)
3.常与某些介词连用
(1) by oneself 一个人做(不要别人帮助) You ’ll have to see if he has gone to the school for yourself. 你得亲自看看他是否已经去了学校。
(2) for oneself替自己,自己 He has a right to decide for himself. 他有权自己决定。
(3) in oneself 本身 This is not a bad idea in itself. 这主意本身并不错。
(4)to oneself供自己用 She had a room to herself.她自己住一间房。
三 物主代词
1. 形容词性的物主代词只能作定语,如my brother
2. 名词性的物主代词可以作:
1)表语Whose dictionary is this? ----it’s mine.
2) 主语 Ours is a big family.
3) 宾语Let ’3. “of +名词性物主代词”可用作定语
That car of hers is always breaking down.= Her car is …….
四 相互代词
One another与each other由于表示相互关系,称为相互代词,两者的用法是差不多的。
We can help one another (each other).
We are eager to learn from each other.我们都急欲向彼此学习。
五 指示代词:this & that such & so
1. 指代上文提到过的事,一般用that, 指下文或将要提到的一般用this 或these
this 和that 的固定搭配:that is to say„也就是说 That ’s enough! 那就够了。 That ’s that. 就这么定了。
2. such 的用法
(1)指代前面提到的人或事物,可以在句中做主语、宾语、表语或定语,译为“这样”
I ’ ve never seen such a beautiful sea.
(2) 和all, no, any, some, other, another, every, many, several等词连用时,such 要放在这些词之后。
Any such mistakes can be avoided.
(3) 如果such 修饰单数可数名词,且与a/an连用时置于其前。但是当such 前有no 的时候,不用a/an。
There is no such thing as free lunch in the world. 世界上没有免费的午餐。
He is such a smart boy. 他是如此聪明的一个男孩。
3. so 的用法
(1) 在believe think expect suppose imagine guess 等词后用so 代替前文提出的观点,既可用于肯定句也可用于否定句。 — Is he coming tonight ? — I think so.
(2) 用在I hope , I’m afraid后,代替前文提出的观点,此时只能用在肯定句中。若是否定意义,则用 I hope not. 或 I ’m afraid not.
六.疑问代词
who, whom, whose, what, which都是来构成特殊问句的。
1.What &who what 问的是职业或地位,who 问的是姓名。
----What was her husband? ---- He was a lawyer.
比较:---- who was her husband?
----- He was John Smith, the son of a famous writer.
2. which & what which 用于已知情况的选择,其后可以跟of, 而
what 用于未知情况的疑问,其后不能跟of.
What fruit do you like best?
Which do you like better, oranges or apples?
3. 在以这类代词做主语时,后面的动词可以用复数形式,也可以用单数形式,要看所代表的人或物是复数还是单数来决定。
e.g. Who live(s) in this room?
如果不清楚代表的东西是复数还是单数,则动词多用单数形式。 -----What ’s there on the desk? ----- There’re some books on it.
七. 不定代词:英语中有下面这些不定代词:all, each, every, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no.以及一些复合不定代词,如:anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something, everyone, everything, nobody, nothing.
1 none, no one, nothing的用法区别
(1) none 即可指人,也可指物,且一定是特指,常用来回答how many/much引导的疑问句;no one 只能指人,而且只能是泛指概念,常来回答who 引导的疑问句;nothing 侧重于物,常用来回答what 引导的疑问句。
——How many people are there in the room?
——None. (问学生)
――Who is in the room?
——No one./nobody.
(2) none后面可加of 引导的介词短语,而something, anything, everything,
nothing, someone…. 却不能。
(3) none后面的谓语用什么?单数还是复数。
none 做主语时,如果侧重所有人的情况,动词多用复数,如果侧重每个人的情况,动词用单数。
None of us are perfect.我们都不是完人。
None of us has got a bike. 我们谁都没有自行车。
2 each 和every 的区别
(1) each强调个体,every 强调“全体”。不可用not each来表示部分否定,而not every表示部分否定。Every man is not honest.并非每个人都诚实(让学生翻)。=not every man is honest.
(2) every还可以表示“每隔„„的”
Every year or two每一两年 every other day每隔一天
3 another, other, the other, others, the others的用法
(1) another经常指三者或三者以上中的另一个,意思是“另外一个”,表示泛指。
I don’t like this coat. Show me another, please.
(2) other表示“另外的”,只作定语。Any other plant, some other day(某天)
(3) the other,两者中的另一个。常与one 连用,构成one …the other (一个。。。另一个)
(4) others泛指别的人或物,是other 的复数形式,泛指别的人或物(但不是全部,全部是“the others”)e.g. some… others
(5) the others特指其余的人或物, 是the other的复数形式。
4 全部否定和部分否定
(1)All, both, everyone, everybody, everything 和every 加名词都表示全部肯定,no one, none, nobody, nothing, not …any (其实是我们接触过最简单的句型) 和no +名词都表示全部否定;但当not 出现在含有表示全部肯定的不定代词的句子中,不管not 在他们之前还是之后都表示部分否定;
e.g. Both of them haven’t read this story. (not在后) 他们两人并没有都看过这个故事。
=only one of them has read this story.
All bamboo doesn’t grow tall=not all bamboo grows tall.并非所有竹子都长得高。
全部否定的例子:All of the boys are clever, but none of them can work out this problem.这些男孩都很聪明,但没有一个人能解出这道题。
(2) 总括性副词如everywhere, always, altogether, wholly和not 连用时,也表示部分否定。如: Such a thing can’t be found everywhere. 这种事并非到处可见。(部分否定)
Such a thing can be found nowhere.这种事什么地方也见不到。(全否) 5 both, all, either, any, neither, none的用法
6.one, ones, the one, the ones, that, those的区别
one = a/an + 单数名词
ones = 零冠词 + 复数名词
the one = the +单数名词
the ones = the +复数名词
that = the + 单数名词/不可数名词
those = the + 复数名词
She gave me so many suprises, ones that I had never thought about.
The book on the desk is better than the one he has.
练习一
1. Tom, Please pass ________ the glasses. I want to read the newspapers.
A. you B. me C. him D. her
2. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are ______ new words in it.
A. a little B. little C. a few D. few
3. ---You want ________ sandwich?
---Yes, I usually eat a lot when I’m hungry.
A. other B. another C. others D. the other
4. The doctors and nurses are doing their best to fight SARS. They think more of others than _______.
A. they B. them C. themselves D. theirs
5. ---Which do you prefer, a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk?
---______________, thanks. I’d like a cup of tea.
A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None
6. ---Oh! I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food. ---Never mind. You can have ________.
A. us B. ours C. you D. yours
7. ---Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning? ---_______ is OK. I’m free today and tomorrow.
A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None
8. ---How are you going to improve _______ this term? ---Work harder than last term.
A. ourselves B. myself C. himself D. yourself
9. ---Could you tell me _______ she is looking for? ---Her cousin, Susan.
A. that B. whose C. who D. which
10. ---Is _______ here?
---No. Li Lei and Han Mei have asked for leave.
A. everybody B. somebody C. anybody D. nobody
11. Paul has _______ friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely.
A. many B. some C. few D. more
12. If you want to book a round-trip ticket, you’ll have to pay ______ $ 30.
A. more B. other C. the other D. another
13. ---Do you live by yourself, Mr Wang?
---Yes. I have two sons. But ______ of them lives with me. They are now studying in America?
A. neither B. both C. none D. either
14. ---Have you sent your parents an E-mail telling them you arrived safe?
---No. _______ of them can use a computer.
A. None B. Both C. Neither D. All
15. Who taught _______ English last term? Was _____ Mr. Smith?
A. you; it B. you; he C. your; it D. your; that
16. ---That woman has a bag in her right hand. What’s in her _____ hand?
A. another B. other C. one D. the other
17. We decided to go for a field trip with some friends of _______.
A. us B. our C. ours D. ourselves
18. ---Is there a bus to the zoo?
---I’m afraid there’s _______ bus to the zoo.
A. no B. any C. some D. none
19. You forgot your dictionary? You may have _______.
A. me B. my C. mine D. myself
练习二:
1. This is ______ classroom. Where is _______?
A.our; them B. us; they C. our; theirs D. ours; theirs
2.Our manager allowed _______to take a holiday next week.
A. you and I B. yourself and me C.I and you D. you and me
3.-I feel a bit thirsty.
-Why don't you have _______ water?
A. some B. a C. any D. little
4.I have two cats and I like_______.
A. all of them B. them both C. every one of them D. them each
5.My father said that he would take _______ for dinner when he came next time.
A. all us out B. out all us C. all out us D. us all out
6.Peter didn't attend the party_______.
A.the last week B.the week before now
C.this past week D.the week past
7.Some of my students study very hard._______just don't care.
A.Anothers B.The other C.Others D.Some other
8.-Did you feed the baby?
-No,he can_______.
A.eat by himself B.feed for himself C.feed by himself D.eat for himself
9.My brother is a man of_______words.
A.little B.few C.less D.fewer
10.There is _______ hope for the work to be finished in such short time.
A. much B. small C.few D.little
11.Some old buildings were put down,but_______new ones have been built.
A.much more B.no more C.many more D.any more
12.When they met,they stopped and said hello to_______.
A.each other B.each another C.the other each D.each one
13.-Which of the two French films do you like better? -_______,because they are meaningless.
A.Both B.Either C.None D.Neither
14.-The US is certainly an interesting country.
-Yes,you can find just about_______there.
A. something B. everything C.nothing D.anything
15.After everyone took_______place,the meeting began.
A.his B.their C.there D.the
16.Although the city is small,its library is as complete_______.
A.as a large city B.like a large city C.as that of a large city
D.like in a large city
17.A few of_______are planning to drive to New York during spring break.
A.we boys B.boys we C.us boys D.boys
18.That man is a friend of my_______.
A.brother's B.brother C.brothers D.brother mso's own
19.Of all the problems,_______is so difficult as this one.
A.not one B.either C.neither D.none
20.I'm sorry I can't give you_______advice.
A.a B.an C.any D.some
21.The old man feels lonely with_______to look after him.
A.someone B.no one C.anyone D.none
22.His leg was hurt._______is why he didn't come.
A.It B.Which C.That D.There
23.-What does John do in China?
-I hear_______teaches English.
A.she B.him C.his D.he
24.There were only_______people who could get_______money for the work.
A.few;many B.little;many C.a few;much D.a little;much
25.The population of China is larger than_______.
A.India B.that of India C.India's D.those of India
26._______of the pupils has passed the exams.
A.Every one B.Everyone C.Someone D.All
27._______dictionary will tell you the meaning of these words.
A.Some of B.All C.Any D.None
28.There are trees on_______side of the road.
A.every B.each C.both D.all
29._______of the people was given a piece of paper when entering the room.
A.Every B.All C.Some D.Each
30.I don't think_______any good sending more workers to work there.
A.if B.that C.which D.what
31.The party continued through_______.
A.the whole of the night B.nearly whole of the night
C.almost all of the night D.most of the night
32.The book has lost its cover.I will put a new_______on it.
A.cover B.ones C.one D.piece
33.Does_______matter if he can't come tomorrow?
A.this B.that C.he D.it
34.The group are waiting on_______plane to take off.
A.their B.his C.he D.himself
35.It was_______who told you the news.
A.him B.his C.he D.himself
36.I'd like to have a car of_______.
A.own B.my own C.my own one D.myself
37.I'm sorry I can't express_______in English well.
A.me B.mine C.I D.myself
38.You can find a tower at_______ends of the bridge.
A.both B.all C.each D.either
39.She is doing her homework.I'll do_______.
A.such B.so C.the same D.the same as
40.This word has_______meaning.
A.a quite another B.quite another C.the quite another D.quite the another
41.Her composition is better than_______.
A.anyone B.anyone else C.anyone else D.anyone's else
42.I found_______impossible for_______to work out the maths problem.
A.it;him B.it;he C.that;him D.that;he
43.That only man had three sons,all of_______died during the last earthquake.
A.them B.which C.those D.whom
44.Mary learned Chinese for about two years,_______is,from 1993 to 1995.
A.this B.that C.it D.he
45.He kept the money without_______knowing where it was.
A.anyone B.anything C.everything D.someone
四. 答案1.B 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.A 11.C 12.D 13.A
14.C 15.A 16.B 17.C 18.A 19.C
参考答案 1-10 CDABD CCABD 11-20 CADBA CCADC 21-30 BCDCB DDBAB 31-40 DCDAC BDDBC 41-45 CADBA