动名词专题

动词的-ing 形式专题

整理者----启明星教育 唐海涛

动词的-ing 形式具有动词的特征，同时又具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此它可以在句中作主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语和状语。

一、动词-ing 形式的特征和种类

A. 动词-ing 形式的一般式

1. 动词-ing 形式的一般式可用来泛指一个动作，没有特别的时间意义。

Swimming is her favorite sport.游泳是她最喜欢的体育运动。

2. 动词-ing 形式的一般式可用来表示和谓语动词同时发生的动作。

They went out of the classroom, talking and laughing.他们有说有笑地走出教室。

3. 动词-ing 形式的一般式有时也可表示在谓语动词的动作之前或之后发生的动作。

I remembered sending him an e-mail last week. 我记得上星期给他发过一份电子邮件。

He suggested taking my daughter to the zoo the next Sunday.他建议下个星期天带我女儿去动物园。

B. 动词-ing 形式的完成式

动词的-ing 形式的完成式表示一个已完成的动作，这个动作发生或完成在谓语动词表示的动作之前。 I really regretted having missed such an exciting lecture.错过了这么振奋人心的演讲，我真的很遗憾。

注意：在现代英语中，作宾语的-ing 形式的完成式可用一般式来代替。

I really regretted missing such an exciting lecture.错过了这么振奋人心的演讲，我真的很遗憾。(=I really regretted having missed such an exciting lecture.)

C. 动词-ing 形式的被动形式

动词的-ing 形式的被动形式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing 形式表示的动作的承受者。

1．一般式的被动形式

The question being discussed is very important. 正在讨论的问题很重要。

2．完成式的被动形式

I heard of his having been chosen to be the coach of the team.我听说他被选为球队的教练。

D. 动词-ing 形式的否定形式

动词的-ing 形式的否定形式是由not 加动词的-ing 形式构成。

I'm sorry for not being present at the meeting in time.我很抱歉没能按时赴会。

二、动词的-ing 形式的用法

A ．动词的-ing 形式作主语

1．动词的-ing 形式可直接置于句首作主语。

Learning about a language is easier than using it.学习有关语言的知识比使用语言容易。 Being invited to the party was a great honor to the family.被邀请参加晚会是这家人的荣耀。

2．为了保持句子平衡，通常用先行词it 作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在句末。

It is easy making plans, but it is difficult carrying them.制定计划很容易，实行它却很难。 It is no use crying over spilt milk. 作无益的后悔是没有用的。

必背：动词的-ing 形式作主语的几个常用句型。

It's no good talking to him. 和他谈话是没有用的。

It is useless telephoning him. He is not willing to come.给他打电话没用。他不愿意来。 It's worth making an effort. 努力一下是值得的。

There is no saying when it will stop raining. 无法断定这场雨什么时候会停。

B ．动词的-ing 形式作表语

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动词的-ing 形式作表语的有两种不同的含义：

1．表示主语的内容是什么。

Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。 The real question is getting to know the needs of the students.真正的问题是了解学生的需要。

2．表示主语具有的特征。

The problem is quite puzzling.这个问题很令人困惑。

The food at the dinner party did not seem very inviting. 宴会上的食物似乎并不诱人。 比较：

一般说来，动词的-ing 形式表示一般性、习惯性的动作，或抽象性的动作，时间概念不强。而动词不定式表示的动作往往是具体的或一次性的动作，特别是将来的动作。

Smoking is forbidden here.这里禁止吸烟。（泛指）

It's not good for you to smoke so much.吸这么多烟对你的身体不好。（具体）

They prefer staying indoors when the weather is cold.天冷时他们喜欢呆在室内。（泛指） Would you prefer to stay at home this evening今晚你想待在家里吗？（具体）

C ．动词的-ing 形式作宾语

动词的-ing 形式既可作及物动词的宾语，也可作介词的宾语。

1．作动词的宾语

能用-ing 形式作宾语的及物动词可分两类，一类是只能用-ing 形式作宾语，另一类是既可用-ing 形式作宾语，也可用不定式作宾语。

①只能用-ing 形式作宾语的动词

这类动词只能用-ing 形式作宾语，不能用不定式作宾语。

Fancy meeting you here!想不到在这儿见到你了!

I suggest doing it in a different way. 我建议用另一种方法做这件事。

They didn't mind being treated like guests. 他们不在乎被人当作宾客对待。

They admitted smokinghaving smoked in the hall. 他们承认在大厅里抽过烟。

I regret sayinghaving said what I said.我很后悔自己说过的话。

He couldn't help laughing.他情不自禁地笑了起来。

I can't imagine the boy speaking so rudely to you. 我不能想像这个男孩对你说话这么没礼貌。 必背：

只接动词的-ing 形式而不接不定式作宾语的动词有

admit 承认 appreciate 感激 avoid 避免 consider 考虑 delay 耽搁 dislike 嫌恶

enjoy 喜欢 escape 避免 excuse 原谅 fancy 想不到 feel like意欲 finish 完成

forgive 原谅 give up放弃 cannot help情不自禁 imagine 设想 include 包括

keep 保持 mention 提及 mind 介意 miss 逃过 put off推迟 practice 练习

resist 抵制 risk 冒险

②既可用动词-ing 形式作宾语，也可用不定式作宾语

这类动词虽然既能用-ing 形式作宾语，也能用不定式作宾语，但用法并不相同，主要有以下几种情况： a. 有些动词，如attempt, continue, hate, intend, like, love, prefer等，后面接动词的-ing 形式或不定式区别不是很大。

They prefer spending to spend their summer vacation in Dalian.他们更喜欢在大连度暑假。 I intend to buy buying an English-Chinese dictionary.我想买一本英汉词典。

提示：应尽量避免接连出现两个动词-ing 形式。

I am starting to learn Russian. 我开始学俄语。

b. need, require, want作“需要”解时，后面接-ing 形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式，意义上并 2

无差别，但用-ing 形式比较普通。

Your composition needs correcting to be corrected.你的作文需要修改。

His coat wants cleaning to be cleaned. 他的大衣需要洗了。

2．作介词宾语

动词的-ing 形式作介词宾语大都和一些固定搭配有关。常见的几种搭配形式有：

①动词+介词+ -ing形式

Jason aims at becoming an astronaut.詹森立志要当宇航员。

I dream of being the best footballer in the school.我梦想成为全校最好的足球队员。

②动词+名词+介词+ -ing形式

Please excuse me for being late.对不起，我迟到了。

What prevented you from joining us last night昨天晚上什么事使你不能和我们在一起

③名词+介词+ -ing形式

He has little hope of passing the examination.他几乎没有什么希望通过考试。

I have no difficulty in communicating with foreigners.我在和外国人交谈方面没有什么困难。 ④形容词+介词+ -ing形式

I'm tired of having the same food every day.天天吃同样的东西我感到腻烦了。

Peter is angry about not being invited to the party.没有被邀请出席聚会，彼得很生气。 ⑤whathow about + -ing形式

What about going for a walk去散步好不好？

How about playing a game of chess now现在来下盘棋好吗

⑥介词to +动词-ing 形式

to 既可以是介词，也可以是不定式符号，在使用中比较容易混淆。若是不定式符号，to 后接动词原形；若是介词，to 后需接-ing 形式。

You must get used to washing your face with cold water.你必须习惯用冷水洗脸。

John has admitted to breaking the window.约翰已承认了打碎窗子。

I'm looking forward to seeing you this summer vacation.我盼望今年暑假见到你。

He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind.他为全人类的利益献出了自己的一生。

D ．动词的-ing 形式作宾语补足语

1．动词的-ing 形式可以在see, hear, notice, watch, feel, smell, look at, listen to, observe, find等表示感官和心理状态的动词后面作宾语补足语，和一个名词或代词一起构成复合宾语。

We heard the children shouting upstairs. 我们听见孩子们在楼上叫喊。

I felt my heart beating violently. 我觉得我的心在猛烈地跳动。

2．动词的-ing 形式和不定式作宾语补语的区别

在see, hear, feel, watch, notice等感官动词后，既可用动词的-ing 形式构成复合宾语，也可用不定式构成复合宾语，两者之间有一定的区别。用动词的-ing 形式时，表示动作正在进行；用不定式时，表示动作发生了，即动作的全过程结束了。

He saw a girl getting on the car.他看见一个女孩在上汽车。(She was getting on the car.)

He saw a girl get on the car and drive off. 他看见一个女孩上车开走了。(She got on the car and drove off.)

提示：

如果宾语补足语是一系列的动作，通常只能用不定式来表示，不用动词的-ing 形式。

I saw him enter the room, sit down and light a cigarette.我看见他走进房间，坐了下来，点燃了一根香烟。

3．动词的-ing 形式也可用在have, get, leave, keep, set, catch等表示“致使”的动词后作宾语补足 3

语。

I won't have you running about in the room.我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。

We kept the fire burning all night long. 我们使火整夜燃烧着。

E ．动词的-ing 形式作定语

1．单个的动词的-ing 形式可以作前置定语，一般有两种含义。

①说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。

a reading room= a room which is used for reading阅览室

running shoes= shoes for running跑鞋

a working method = a method of working工作方法

必背： a sewing machine 缝纫机 a swimming pool 游泳池 a drawing board 画板 a dining car 餐车 a driving permit 驾驶许可证 a walking stick 手杖

a singing competition 歌咏比赛 a waiting room 候车室

②表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。

developing countries = countries that are developing发展中国家

an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary看起来很普通的房子

a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody困扰人的问题

2．作定语的-ing 形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面。

They lived in a house facing south. 他们住在一所朝南的房子里。

3．有些情况下，动词的-ing 形式不能用来作定语，必须使用定语从句。作定语的-ing 形式表示的动作要与主句谓语的动作同时发生，如两者不能同时发生的话，则需使用定语从句。

【误】The professor coming here yesterday will give us a lecture.

【正】The professor who came here yesterday will give us a lecture.昨天来的教授将要给我们作一个讲座。

F ．动词的-ing 形式作状语

动词的-ing 形式可以作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。-ing 形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。

1．表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。

Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. 看到那些画，她想起了自己的童年。（= When she saw those pictures...）

Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination.我们已经作好了充分准备，现在可以应考了。（= After we have made full preparation...）

2．表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。

Not knowing his address, I can't send this book to him.因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书送给他。（= As I don't know his address...）

Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday.由于生病，他昨天没有上学。（= Since he was ill...）

3．表示结果，相当于一个并列谓语。

His father died, leaving him a lot of money. 他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。（= ... and left him a lot of money）

She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces.她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，摔成了碎片。（= ... and broke it into pieces...）

4．表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。

Going straight down the road, you will find the department store.顺着这条路一直走，你就会发现那家百货商店。（= If you go straight down the road...）

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Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed.如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。（= If you work hard at your lessons...）

5．表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。

Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。（= Although they knew all this...）

Working hard as he did, he was still unable to earn enough money to buy a car.他虽然努力地干，但仍然挣不够买车的钱。（= Though he worked hard as he did...）

6．表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并列结构。

She came into the house, carrying a lot of books.她捧着许多书走进了房间。（= ...and carried a lot of books）

专项练习题

1. No one enjoys _______ at.

A. laughing B. to laugh C. being laughed D. to be laughed

2. You must do something to prevent your house _______.

A. to be broken in B. from being broken in

C. to break in D. from breaking in

3. They insisted on _______ another chance to try.

A. given B. giving C. being given D. to be given

4. --- Where is my passport? I remember _______ it here.

--- You shouldn't have left it here. Remember _______ it with you all the time.

A. to put；to take B. putting；taking

C. putting；to take D. to put；taking

5. His room needs _______, so he must have it _______.

A. painting；painted B. painted；painting

C. painting；painting D. painted；painted

6. After finishing his homework he went on _______ a letter to his parents.

A. write B. writing C. wrote D. to write

7. The young trees we planted last week require _______ with great care.

A. looking after B. to look after

C. to be looked after D. taken good care of

8. Only _______ English doesn't mean _______ the language.

A. to learn；to learn B. learning；learning

C. learning about；learn D. learning about；learning

9. She returned home only to find the door open and something _______.

A. missed B. to be missing C. missing D. to be missed

10. She decided to devote herself _______ the problem of old age.

A. to study B. studying C. to studying D. study

11. Remember _______ the newspaper when you have finished it.

A. putting back B. put back C. to put back D. be put back

12. As she is looking forward to _______ from me, please remember _______ this letter on your way to school.

A. hear；post B. hearing；to post

C. be heard；posting D. be hearing；to posting

13. Grandma said that she had a lot of trouble _______ your handwriting.

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A. to read B. to see C. reading C. in seeing

14. Writing stories and articles _______ what I enjoy most.

A. is B. are C. was D. were

15. We appreciate _______ us to the ball.

A. them to invite B. to invite C. their inviting D. being invited

16. Would you mind _______ quiet for a moment? I'm trying _______ a form.

A. keeping；filling out B. to keep；to fill out

C. keeping；to fill out D. to keep；filling out

17. He was afraid _______ for being late.

A. of seeing B. of being seen C. to be seen D. to have seen

18. I’d like to suggest _______ the meeting till next week.

A. to put off B. putting off C. put off D. to be put off

19. I don't see how I could possibly manage _______ the work without _______.

A. finish；helping B. to finish；being helped

C. finishing；helping D. finishing；being helped

20. Anything worth _______ is worthy of _______ well.

A. doing；being done B. doing；doing

C. to be done；to be done D. to be done；being done

21. We advised them to take a re 159 st, but they insisted _______ the work.

A. finish B. to finish C. in finishing D. on finishing

22. I delayed _______ your letter because I had been away for a week.

A. answer B. answering C. writing D. to post

23. The thief drove as fast as he could to escape _______ by the police.

A. to be caught B. be caught C. being caught D. catching

24. I searched for my wallet and it wasn't there. At first, I thought I _______ it at home. Then I remembered _______ it out to pay for the taxi.

A. must have left；to take B. may leave；taking

C. might leave；to take D. could have left；taking

25. _______ the news of his father's death, he burst into tears.

A. After hearing B. On hearing C. While hearing D. Having heard

26. _______ his mother, the baby could not help _______.

A. To see；to laugh B. Seeing；to laugh

C. Seeing；laughing D. To see；laughing

27. It’s no use _______ so much money on clothes.

A. spend B. spent C. spending D. being spent

28. The sentence needs _______.

A. improve B. a improvement C. improving D. improved

29.If he succeeded _______ a job, his children wouldn't be suffering from hunger now.

A. to find B. to look for C. in finding D. in looking for

30. I still remember _______ to my home town when I was young.

A. taking B. taken C. being taken D. to take

参考答案：1-5:CBCCA 6-10:DADCC 11-15:CBCAC

16-20:CBBBA 21-25:DBCDB 26-30:CCCCC

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