新东方高考讲义
第一章 流氓阅读法
1.高考阅读概况分析
1) 文章内容
五大类:
人物事物 名人传记、趣闻轶事、重大历史事件等 科普 自然科学(新科技、新发现)的解释或者幻想未来等方面的内容 社会 社会上的热点现象或者揭露存在的不良问题为主 应用说明 主要是以新闻、广告、产品说明等内容为主,题材新颖多变 第五篇 文章体裁不限,命题方式新颖,解题方法另类,自成一派
2) 题型
四大类:
细节题 推理题 主旨题 词汇题
明示细节题
暗示细节题 递推型 条件型
文章发展方向判断
全文主旨 段落主旨
排序题(只出现在第5篇阅读) 代词 生词
2.阅读体系介绍
范文:(2000年D 篇文章)
Most people feel lonely sometimes, but it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours. This kind of loneliness is not serious. In fact, it is quite normal. For some people, though, loneliness can last for yeas. Now researchers say there are three different types of loneliness.
The first kind of loneliness is temporary(暂时的). This is the most common type. It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a particular situation-for example, family problem, the death of a loved one, or moving to a new place. Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually does not last for more than a year.
The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. Unlike the second type, chronic(长期的)usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause. People who experience habitual loneliness have problems socializing and becoming close to others. Unfortunately, many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition.
Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person's social contacts, e.g. friends, family members, co-workers, etc. we depend on various people for different reasons. For instance, our families give us emotional support, our parents and teachers give us guidance, and our friends share similar interests and activities. However, psychologists have found that, though lonely people may have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more. They question their popularity.
Psychologists are trying to find ways to help habitually lonely people for two reasons: they are unhappy and unable to socialize and there is a connection between chronic loneliness and serious illness such as heart disease. While temporary and situational loneliness can be normal, healthy part of life, chronic loneliness can be a very sad, and sometimes dangerous condition.
101.How would you treat temporary loneliness according to the passage?(细) A. Talk to friends B. Just ignore it
C. Go to see a doctor D. Ask your teachers for guidance
102."It" in the last sentence of the second paragraph refers to _____.(词) A. temporary loneliness B. situational loneliness C. a new place D sleeplessness
103.The topic of the 4th paragraph is that____.(主) A. one problem of loneliness is a person's social contacts B. we depend on various person for different reasons C. lonely people don't have many social problems D. lonely people don't have many friends
104. Why do psychologists want to help chronically lonely people? (细) A. Chronic loneliness can cause family problems B. Chronic loneliness can cause serious illness C. Chronic loneliness can not be overcome
D. A, B and C are all correct
105 What is the best title for the passage? (主) A. Three Kinds of Loneliness B. Loneliness and Diseases
C. Loneliness and Social Contacts D. Chronic Loneliness
先进的阅读体系—流氓阅读法
篇章结构: 注重行文脉络、文章框架,段落之间的联系 段落结构: 注重段落层次划分,Topic sentence的把握 句子结构: 注重句子间的信息结构,逻辑关系
细节: 留心上下文中的举例补充说明,同位语,定语从句等帮助解释词汇
3.阅读提速
1) 纠正错误习惯
读文章:
a. 出声读
b. 指读(手、笔) c .回读
做题目: 全部做完一起对
2) 加强做题节奏感
时间分配:
根据文章难易程度,时间分配有侧重,基本上每篇文章时间控制在7~8分钟内 7‟=3‟(看)+4‟(做) 永远“看文章时间”
8‟=3‟(看)+5‟(做)
读文章遍数:
推荐遍数1.5~2遍
第1遍:采用扫读法通读全文一遍
后0.5~1遍:带着问题,到文中定位,局部细读,再求正解
4.量变 质变
1) 量的积累 阅读靠平时的积累,所以建议每天限时完成5篇阅读(全真模拟) 好处: a .戒除对阅读的恐惧心理 b .消除懒惰心理 c .培养阅读节奏、良好的阅读习惯 读文章时候注意“三读” 细读 泛读
精读
2) 质的腾飞 完成“量的积累”的每天的工作量后,其实只完成了一半,需要对错误的题目进行总结 如何总结:
a . 分析错误原因 b . 搞清生词 c . 语法点
各类文章的阅读法
一、区分文章类别
不同类型的文章会有不同的篇章结构。对应每种类型文章的篇章结构往往都会有固定的写法,所以要学会一上来就迅速判定所读文章的类型,然后把固有篇章模式在脑海中展开,使得我们有备而来。其实,往往在读完第一段后就能判断出来,最多不会超过第二段。
迅速判定的诀窍:
也给大家提个醒,要清醒地认识到诀窍仅是辅助手段,不能都押宝在诀窍上,正确的做法是:认真阅读首段,再做判断。
各类文章固有基调:
社会类:多数否定
科普类:99%肯定,1%否定 应用说明文:100%肯定 人物事物:中性~肯定
有时候基调也可以作为检验分类准确与否的一个指标
最容易混淆的就是科普与人物事物的分类,可以通过下面两点来区别:
1. 科普类以讲述科学原理为主
2. 科普讲述未发生事件,人物事物记录已发生的事
二、对应篇章结构
1)人物事物类文章:
由于该类文章往往是按照事情发展顺序,或者时间先后顺序来写的,所以对于事件、人物类文章,牢牢记住抓三点,“时间点、特殊点、专用名词点” 对于时间点的把握就能很好的给全文划分段落 特殊点的标注是因为往往这些部分就是考点 专用名词的标注帮助我们快速定位
具体操作:
1. 时间点:具体年月日、today 、every year、on the third Tuesday in April、at the age of 14等 When 、While 、During 、As 等引导的时间状语从句
2.专用名词:大写的都划下来,注意出现多遍的只划最早出现的那个 3. 特殊点:But 、However 、While 、Whereas 等引导的强转折 After all, In fact, Actually等词也可表示强转折 与原情况不同之处也算作特殊点(在第一遍扫读文章时可能区分不出来) 比较级、最高级和用于表达比较或最高级含义的形容词也算特殊点:
例:As much as, Than, XX times greater, more than(程度), the more…the more,Significant ,Important ,Superior to,Inferior to等。 Despite , although 等是让步关系,一律不算作特殊点
技巧:
1. 用自己习惯的三种标记进行划分,方便做题时迅速定位
2. 题目中出现的人名可作为搜索关键词,直接从已划线部分中的对应句的上下1~2句中找答案(2004.A )
3. 一般而言,人物事物类文章往往可以通过三点法迅速扫描完全文,帮助定位。但是这类文章有一种特例,如果读了两三段后,发现可以划的三点很少,果断放弃三点法,说明这类文章不适合用三点法,只能通过全面看文章,以及抓问题中的关键词来定位解题。(2002.A )
惯用手法:引出中心,说明中心
1.引出中心内容的方法 1) A but B 文中第一段出现这种结构的话,只关注后面的B 部分,因为那才是文章的中心。 类似的结构包括: In fact,Actually 等 2) 用熟悉的事物做类比
A like B A as adj as B
一般而言,英语里面后出现的往往是重点,但这类结构是特例,重点在A 部分 A means B
A contribute to B(还是表示因果关系) not unlike=like 平方,双重否定
2.说明中心内容的方法 1) 举例说明 这种形式最常见,标志性词组:
For example,for instance,such as 2) 讲原理 从科学的角度给你分析,为什么会这样
3) 讲好处(advantage ) 4) 讲问题(disadvantage ) 5) 讲应用
6) 分类说明:中心的两个侧面 主旨句也可能是复数概念,文章围绕主旨展开,说明主旨的各个方面 7) 强对比说明 A & 非A ,截然相反 例:One mistaken idea of business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information. Quite the reverse. Business is the game which we must play with imperfect information. 类似的常用表达方式还有on the contrary of,opposite ,reverse ,反义词等
1.社会问题 1. 引出问题 2. 解决问题的重要性 3. 如何解决问题
2.社会现象 具体的例子,话语,奇特之处,A 影响B 引出抽象现象 说明的方法: 1)举例 2) 中心的一个侧面 3) 解释原因 4) 评价 5) 存在的问题 6) 排比说明
4)应用说明类:
这类文章比较特殊,以广告、产品介绍、新闻、日程安排等方面为主,鉴于考察点是部分的,以及因为文章的题材所限定,本身的脉络就很清晰,所以篇章结构的角度就不做归纳了。
唯一要提醒大家的就是做题顺序,推荐如下:
1) 扫读全文2~3秒,研究每个段落布局、粗体字、共同点等信息
2) 读题干(边读边抓题干中的关键词)
3) 分析题干(哪些部分可以省去不读)
4) 定位后结合选项细读内容
5) 做题(边读边做)
各类题型的解法
1) 细节题:
可以分为明示细节题和暗示细节题两种
a . 明示细节题 1
就是在文中已经给出明确的描述,要求你去找出具体是哪个,或者哪个不是
(出题的形式为在选项中选择一个paraphrase ,换句话说的形式,作为与原文对应的答案) 例 范101.How would you treat temporary loneliness according to the passage?(细)
A. Talk to friends B. Just ignore it
C. Go to see a doctor D. Ask your teachers for guidance
79.Which of the following statements is NOT true ? (细)
A .At her supervisor‟s criticism , Martha lost her temper . B .Mr. Petri felt Martha was not valued in her present job . C .Martha‟s interview with the director was on her lunch hour . D .Martha got the name of the director through her cousin .
b . 暗示细节题 1/2
文中并没有完全,但是已经半正面的给出了描述或者选项中并非完全给出Paraphrase 的备选项,而是仅截取一部分,需要自己根据文章和选项进行一定的分析,和推理题有一些相近,注意不要混淆
78.Martha is unhappy in her job because . (细)
A .she has not advanced B .the work in not significant C .her supervisor is younger than she D .there is too much work with little payment
2) 推理题:0
推理题就是文章已经告诉我们部分条件,但是并没有正面告诉我们具体会怎么样,需要我们根据逻辑情况,结合文章和选项做出推理
例81.What does Maria think of Martha‟s decision ? (推)
A .Martha has handled the matter properly .
B .Martha shouldn‟t have set the bridge on fire .
C .Martha should have found a new job before leaving .
D .Martha shouldn‟t have lost her temper with her supervisor .
另外常见的推理题有这么三种类型:
a . 递推型:(∵A →B ,B →C ,∴A →C )
b . 条件型:满足条件A 就可以推断出发生了B
当然也会采用逆否命题的形式来发问,比如用一些until ,till ,unless
c . 文章发展方向推断
例2004 上海卷D 篇
89. What will the author probably discuss after the last paragraph?
A. More advantages of franchising.
B. Risks of investment besides franchising.
C. The standard of consumer acceptance.
D. Negative aspects related to franchising
三部曲解法:(按照顺序走下来定能找出答案)
1. 首段首句或末句
2. 末段首句
3. 末段末句或末句后半部
主旨题顾名思义就是归纳全文意思的一类题型,英语文章的阅读对主旨的把握来的更加简洁,只要把握好Topic Sentence 就Ok 了。全文主旨句往往出现在第一段的首句或末句,段落的主旨句出现在每个段落的首句或末句。这么说是有事实依据的,因为它和英文文章强调逻辑性以及老外习惯思维方式不无关系。
主旨题又可以细分为全文主旨题和段落主旨题
全文主旨题:
对整篇文章的大意作归纳,当然有时候也会出现一些变体形式,比如选个最合适的标题。 只需找到Topic Sentence,再从对应的选项中找到即可。
小心一些变异情况(第二段升级为首段;末段综合等)
段落主旨题:
答案到每个段落的首句和末句去找,很少情况下是需要两者综合的。
研究段落结构的目的有二:
1. 概括主旨 2. 划分层次(相比较而言,1更重要)
常见段落结构及划分标志:
1. 引子-主题型
2. 总分结构(最普遍)
首句Topic Sentence,后面说明
3. 分总结构(中国人的习惯,在英文文章中很少)
4. 其他语法关系
强对比、分类说明
5. 层次划分
Some of this kind, 1
others, 2+
another, 2
finally, 3+
one of the first steps, 1
Furthermore, 2
In addition, 3
排序题:
本质上这类题目属于段落主旨题,但是由于都是比较短的段落,很可能就1~2句话组成,之前的段落主旨题解法此处不适用,建议用下面的针对解法
第五篇文章解题步骤:
1)先看选项,知道重点、标志性词汇;
2) 看一段落做一题,做完标上记号划去(能够对上标志性词汇的就是答案)
3) 遇找不到或吃不准最后处理,先看下一段落
4) 做到最后发现备选项都很勉强,一定回头检查,很可能之前已经出现错误,千万不能放过,不然可能引起灾难性连锁错误。
词汇题分两类:①考代词到底指代什么 ②所谓的生词
一、考代词
把代词前夹杂的没有用的干扰东东全部去掉,然后重新构建句子结构,就能去肉存骨,迅速找到具体指代的内容
E.g.
Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually does not last for more than a year.
102."It" in the last sentence of the second paragraph refers to _____.(词)
二、考生词
可能这个单词你背到过,但是切莫想当然的把生词的解释选上去,因为很可能考查的是第二、三义,所以一定要结合上下文语境,找到符合文章的意思。
E.g.
scale ,resume ,minute
正解:
找到词汇所在句,以它为中心上下一两句内必有突破口。推荐先下后上的顺序,原因:①后面可能性更大;②时间上不吃亏
八大突破口:
1.定语从句
2.解释
3.补充说明
4.举例
5.对比
6.基调
7.总括
8.标点符号(参看十三点句式之四)
另外,这类题除了考查具体某个生词,还会考查phrase 甚至是短语,or whatever,解法一致。
例1:(2004年上海卷C 篇)
Without examinations, employers will look for employees from the highly respected schools and from families known to them—a form of favourtism will replace equality. At the moment, the bright child from an ill—respected school can show certificates to prove he or she is suitable for a job, while the lack of certificate indicates the unsuitability of a dull child attending a well —respected school. This defend of excellence and opportunity would disappear if examinations were taken away, and the bright child form a poor family would be a prisoner of his or her school‟s reputation, unable to compete for employment with the child from the favoured school.
82. The word “favouritism” in paragraph 3 is used to describe the phenomenon that________.
A. bright children also need certificates go get satisfying jobs.
B. children from well—respected schools tend to have good jobs
C. poor children with certificates are favoured in job markets
D. children attending ordinary schools achieve great success
例2:(2003年上海卷B 篇)
This was the last straw. She could not take another insult. Besides, Mr. Petri was right: she was being wasted in this job.
80.The phrase “ the last straw” in the middle of the passage probably refers to .
A .the last opportunity B .the straw that saves Martha‟s life
C .the last reminder D .the final unpleasant thing
例3:(2003年上海卷C 篇)
More than anyone else, children are on the receiving end of their parents‟ improved circumstances. “In the past , people had four or more children —now , they have one or two , so they tend to spoil them ,” says Chwang . “The easiest way is to give them „quality food ‟. Parents think feeding them well is showing their love. They feel bad when their children look thin.”
83.According to this passage, the „quality food‟ fed by some parents is actually .
A .healthful food B .qualified food
C .agreeable food D .high-calorie food
十三点句式结构
一、 各类逻辑关系
是我们得以对文章、段落结构推测的重要标志,帮助确定重点,省去细节。
1) 因果
重点在果上,实战中只关注果部分
Cause 、make 等表示使动含义的动词(后面是果)
A contribute to B(果)
A(果) rest on/rest in/based on B
In order to,So that,One result is that…,Therefore ,For this purpose
according to,consequently
2) 转折
重点在转折后上,实战中只关注转折后部分
But ,However ,While ,Whereas
In fact,Actually
Unfortunately/Fortunately
3) 递进
重点在递进前,实战中重点关注递进前部分
What is more,Furthermore ,To make it worse/better,moreover ,
4) 让步
前半句与后半句的推测是相反的关系,建议看后半句
Although, While
E.g. While most people use white lies to make life easier, the majority of Americans care about honesty in both public and personal life.
二、 举例(直接舍弃不读)
In some cases, in particular (从一个侧面), sometimes
标点符号:
()
:
,
,~~~,
,and (如果超过三个以上的并列,很可能会有一个细节题的考点)
三、 亮观点(放慢速度,重点看观点部分)
Show, prove, argue(提出结论), propose, conclude, consider
Suggest (文章:提出;题干:推理题)
Frequently, Often, In many ways
四、 标点符号(取重舍轻方向标)
逗号:举例,并列作用;两逗号间同位语
括号:举例,补充说明
冒号:举例说明,因果(冒号前因后果)
破折号:同位语,对前文的总结、概述
分号:引出与前文对立或截然不同的观点
五、 并列
1) 重要性的区分
a. b. 表达逻辑关系的并列不能省略不读
2) 分析长句作为划分小句子的依据
How is it that he can leave B and J on the sofa, to a ballgame, (如果时间紧张的话,直接看动词抓主干)
3) (Do 万能动词)
六、 类比(重点在A )
Like, as…as, not unlike, the same, Similarly
七、 强对比(只需理解一个,另外一个就是它的取非,重点在后)
On the contrary of, opposite, quite the reverse, reverse,反义词
八、 极端(出现在选项中可以直接排除)
Nothing, best, worst, only, sole, Unique, merely,hardly ,rare ,few ,little
九、 不定式
可做主语,也可做宾语,长句拆分的时候要注意合并
To …表示目的的不定式,关注的是逗号后面的如何实现
十、 不是而是
Rather, B翻译为“而是”,关注后面的B
A instead of B,关注前面A ,因为新事物替换旧事物,肯定是重点讨论新事物
More / less than:
It may seem more like a survival test than a break. (关注Break ,因为它才是本质的东西)
十一、 各类从句
1) If 从句:
As if/though, even if, unless=if not, Provided/Providing(细节中出现,可以跳过)
2) 各类从句
定语从句 在阅读中,处理方法如下:
宾语从句 1) 篇章结构阅读时,跳过
状语从句 2) 细读时,如是长句视为“大闷包”,帮助进一步拆分
多重从句
3) 过去、现在分词引导的从句
关注所对应的主语,不要在逻辑上犯低级错误
十二、 倒装及颠序
Only if等起强调作用,重点关注后面被倒装部分
颠倒正常语序,关注后半部分
十三、 特殊句式
(1) She is more clever than to have done such a foolish thing.
(2) His long speech left me less than satisfied.
(3) I never thought of it, much less than did.
(4) It is a kind man that has his shortcoming.
(5) I ‟ve not heard from her since she worked there.
(6) We will live up to the expectation of our teacher.
(7) We own you an apology.
(8) He is the last man to accept others‟ advice.
(9) There wasn‟t a day but it rained this month.
(10) There is no rule but has some exceptions.
(11) She would have fallen but that I caught her.
(12) But for the rain, we should have had a pleasant trip.
(13) Some large cities are anything but beautiful.
(14) She is everywhere but in Beijing.
(15) -Are you happy here?
-No, far from it. I‟ve never been so miserable in my life.
(16)“No! You don‟t understand! Not before or after meals: instead of them.”
(17)As if anyone would believe that story!
(17)I would rather that I could believe it!
长句突破
1. You are what you eat and fats are a main food for Asia‟s fast-food generation. (2003 C)
2. Regional or national advertising that might be financially impossible for a franchisor with 20 franchises could be profitable for one with 40. (2004.D)
3. Without examinations, employers will look for employees from the highly respected schools and from families known to them—a form of favourtism will replace equality.(2004.C )
4. This defend of excellence and opportunity would disappear if examinations were taken away, and the bright child form a poor family would be a prisoner of his or her school‟s reputation, unable to compete for employment with the child from the favoured school.(2004.C )
5. From this unity created by the convergence of artists from various social and geographical backgrounds came a new spirit, which, particularly in densely populated Harlem, was to result in greater group awareness and self-determination.
6. The most graphic proof that the grand spectacle of a comet develops from a relatively small and inconspicuous chunk of ice and dust was the close-up image obtained in 1986 by the European Giotto probe of the nucleus of Halley's Comet.
7. Because the low latitudes of the Earth, the areas near the equator, receive more heat than the latitudes near the poles, and because the nature of heat is to expand and move, heat is transported from the tropics to the middle and high latitudes.
8. In the most extreme version of the display, the bird flaps one wing in an apparent attempt to take to the air, flops over helplessly, struggles back to its feet, runs away a short distance, seemingly attempts once more to take off, flops over again as the "useless" wing fails toprovide any lift, and so on..
9. Decision-thinking is not unlike poker----it often matters not only what you think, but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think. The mental process is similar. Naturally, this card game has often been of considerable interest to people who are, by any standards, good thinkers.
10. Encouraged by the example of certain Americans of European descent such as Thomas Eakins, Robert Henri, and George Luks, who had included persons of African descent in their paintings as serious studies rather than as trivial or sentimental stereotypes, African American artists of this period set about creating a new portrayal of themselves and their lives in the United States.
第二章 完形填空太极推手法
完形填空和阅读的关联:
阅读是给全了信息,我们抓里面的逻辑,得到文章框架
完形其实本身也是给全了逻辑信息,不过可能出现形式不那么爽气,需要我们从很多细枝末节的地方去挖掘。
好在我们之前对文章已经深入学习了一套很强调逻辑的阅读体系,也对各类句子结构中的逻辑信息进行过归纳,所以我们再做完形填空的时候,不要忘了自己已经开始逐渐熟悉的条件反射似的逻辑。从中挖掘答案的信息。
所不同的是,做完形填空不需要省略跳读,你要做的就是慢慢来,好比在填cross word的字谜游戏,不断完善,直到最后全部打出来。而且要做好“回读”的准备,特别是某些比较复杂的局部。
概述:
很多同学在问完形填空有什么捷径,我始终坚持一点,做完形好比在练“太极推手”,要按奈年少轻狂的冲动,更要顺着题目和他推(顺着题目推手的本身就是你安全融入文章,与文章的逻辑关系并行不悖的过程,做到“文人合一”)。推着推着答案自现,推着推着有了线索,切忌冲动没看几句就定了文章基调,根据自己的臆断草草选择答案。
太极推手:1. 忍→(1. 搜集逻辑信息 2. 忌冲动)
2. 联→(1. 文首文末;2. 隔开数行;3. 紧邻填空;4. 中心靠拢)
不要指望第一遍的时候能够填出绝大多数的空格,事实上我个人觉得第一遍除了一些明显的逻辑关系可以马上做掉以外,其余的都留到后面几遍再去解,因为你会发现多读几遍以后,文章的逻辑关系彻底被我们识破并且牢牢把握。这样一来,信息点会很好找。
CLOZE 常见题型分类
1. 紧贴行文逻辑类
1. 紧邻填空出现的并列、解释说明、补充说明能够提供足够线索。
2. 找对应关系(文首文末,隔开数行,与中心一致)
3. 根据文章逻辑的发展方向寻找连词
这类题解题的关键在于从上下句中了解行文的走向和句子之间的逻辑关系,然后顺着文章的意思做出逻辑判断,轻松找到答案。
2. 概述和具体互辉映
概述和具体的相对位置
主旨和分论点
3. 固定搭配或者单词的精准使用
完形填空中最恶心的一类就是考固定搭配或者单词的精准用法。这类题往往没有什么好
办法,只能靠同学们平时勤修内功了。所幸这类题目历来占得比重很小,在3~4题。
固定搭配
如果不知道固定搭配的意思就很难答对,所以此类题目完全需要自身不断积累。当然有时候题目可能还会出得更加苛刻一些,比如给你四个固定搭配在中文上都表示同样的意思,不过在英文里用到的场合各不不同,那就需要根据英语语境再做甄别。
平时可以多做一些总结规律性的东西(一味死记硬背效果未必好),比如up 、out 多表示“完、结束”的概念;off 表示“结束或触发”,提高猜题命中率。
单词的精准使用
先通过基调排除肯定错误的,再通过对近义词的进一步辨析,来判断。
挖掘逻辑信息突破口:
1. 时态、语态(动作是否已完结;判断意愿)
2. 基调(肯定、消极)
3. 连词或其他还有逻辑关系的短语
4. 学会从个别词来判断情形(副词、形容词)
系动词:
1. 感官:Look, sound, feel, appear, seem
2. 存在性:Lie ,exist ,prove
3. 保持:Stay ,keep ,remain ,maintain ,rest
4. 变化:Turn ,become ,get ,grow
每个细节都要看,一点都不要省,做完一定代回去检查。
第三章 技巧篇
出题逻辑学
1)中文思维:1. 中文惯用表达方式 2. 发散性思维
2) 语法就近:1. 代词等禁用语法解题 2. now that / for
3) 人名接近(其他专用名词、主语判断清楚)
4) 白痴逻辑欺负同学粗心(ABC 而非BAC )
5) 拖个小尾巴(文章、选项都可能出现)
6) 极端词汇出现在选项正确概率几乎为0(并非所有最高级都算极端)
7) 四个选项均无明显漏洞,则选最长的那个
8) Phrase直接字面翻译的话,肯定不是答案
9) 主旨题首段首句,但是最后一段独立要综合考虑
10)大等于三个逗号的并列关系很可能有一道细节题会考查到
11)推理题中,常识性的选项马上排除
12) 有两个选项待识别,看最本质最近主旨的;如果是并列关系,那么请认真研究选项必有一个意思于原文有偏差(定语从句的具体对象;拖了一个小尾巴;词汇的精准使用角度)
解题技巧串讲
阅读读文章宏观步骤:
1. 通过诀窍或读首段(有可能延伸到第二段),迅速判定所属文章类型
2. 根据不同类型,迅速联系到所对应的篇章结构模式,开始扫读全文
3. 读文章时,适当做些标记(不光是人物事物类,目的方便定位,比如层次的划分等)
阅读解题宏观步骤:
1. 分析题干(时间点、标志性词汇或出题顺序),目的定位
2. 分析选项,体会侧重点(同时开始排除,如白痴逻辑、极端词汇)
3. 定位后结合侧重点细读1~2句话
4. 具体结合选项再甄别
CLOZE 解题宏观步骤:
1. 扫看选项,分析难易(难易标准)
2. 看文章,抓各类突破口提供的逻辑信息
3. 结合“忍”和“联”跳跃式做题
4. 代回检查
1. 题目分布规律(高考不成文定律二:出题顺序与行文顺序一致,借此定位)
2. 高考不成文定律一(渐难渐长):文章:四、一、二、三、五
3. 首题主旨题最后做
4. 巧妙利用标点符号,a 识别重点或跳过 b 猜测词义 c 句子结构。A ―B ―C
5. B项情节
6. 做完题目往下扫D 选项,是否有复合选项
7. 错误选项可以不读完,正确选项必须读完
8. 通过关键词迅速精准定位
9. 不会做的题目尽可能多的排除,然后随便选一个,做个标记继续
10. 如果出现非完美答案选项(少一部分,过;多一部分,说服了再过)
11. 完形填空吃不准的情况往主旨靠拢
12. 学会用基调来排除(消极、肯定)
13. 首句疑问句改肯定,抓重点;如果段落结尾疑问句,后面段落可以不读
14. 有专门一句话解释概念的,被解释的概念就是主旨
15.扫读文章时,看到连词或其他标志性词汇要条件反射
16.定位完毕,马上看选项,①识别侧重点,②开始排除
17.学会用标记,层次划分(人物事物划三点(与平常不一样的特殊点);社会问题,解决途径;科普文章分类说明;选项侧重点标识;排除选项用X 和三角)
18.审题要清楚,tell us something就是细节题,而非主旨题