过去完成时,过去完成进行时
过去完成时
1） 概念：表示过去的过去
----|-------|-----|---->其构成是had +过去分词构成。
那时以前 那时 现在
2） 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
He said that he had been to Beijing twice.
b. 状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。与现在完成时仅时间上的区别.
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
He said he had lived Beijing since 2008.
c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…". 也表示过去未成实现的愿望,希望,打算等等.
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
They had wanted to help, but could not get there in time.
3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
注意： had no … when 还没等…… 就……
had no sooner… than 刚…… 就……
By the end of +时间段 到....为止
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
最终当公车来这的时候,我在车站已经等了1个小时.
当我醒了的时候,雨已经停了.
他直到结束工作才去睡觉.
到上个月底为止,他们已经学了1000个新单词.
他希望能去看你.
过去完成进行时
参考现在完成进行时,仅时间上的区别
By the end of last month,he had been studying in France for 5 years.