骨科手术早知道174:髋关节置换(Hip Replacement)

人工髋关节置换术用于髋关节退变或创伤、关节软骨破坏、股骨头塌陷等原因引起髋关节疼痛、活动受限、僵硬等症状，保守治疗无效的，系使用人工假体，替换损坏的关节，从而缓解疼痛，改善功能。

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A  Patient's Guide To Hip Replacement

髋关节置换病人指南

The hip is one of the most commonly replaced joint. The problems accurs when arthritis or trauma causes joint cartilage to wear away, resulting in painful bone on bone rubbing.

髋关节是最常进行关节置换的关节。当关节炎或创伤导致关节软骨磨损，引起骨与骨的磨擦并产生疼痛，就会出现问题。

Symptoms include pain and joint stiffness and lack of mobility.

症状包括疼痛、关节僵硬及活动度下降。

Surgery called hip arthroplasty or hip replacement is recommended when non-surgical treatments fail.

如果非手术治疗无效，推荐进行髋关节成形术（或称为髋关节置换术）。

Hip replacement replaces the damaged portion of the hip with artificial implants. These devises allow for pain-free movements and mobility.

髋关节置换术是将髋关节坏死的部分去除，并用人工假体来替代。这些装置可以使活动时不痛并改善活动。

Prior the surgery, you may be require to donate your own blood for transfusion. This is usually done several weeks before the operation.

术前，可能会要求您去献血，以便血液回输。这往往在术前几周进行。

Let's take a look at hip replacement surgery.

让我们来看看髋关节置换术。

To begin, the surgeon will make an incision to access the joint. The hip joint is then opened to allow the surgeon to remove the damaged bone and cartilage. The head of thign bone is removed to allow the surgeon to see the hip socket. Damaged cartilage and bone is removed from the socket. The implant is inplaced and may or may not be secured with surgical screws.

首先， 医生作一切口以显露关节。然后打开髋关节去除受损的骨头或韧带。将股骨头截下，以便于医生看到关节内部结构。将髋臼上坏死的软骨与骨组织清理掉。内植物安放后可能用或不用手术螺钉作固定。

The second implant is placed into the thign bone and may or may not be secured with surgical cement.

第二件假体被放入大腿骨，可用或不用外科水泥来固定。

The artifical ball of the hip is then secured on the top of the implant. The wound is then closed and a sterile dress is applied.

将人工股骨头安装到股骨假体的顶部。然后关节切口， 用无菌敷料包扎。

The artificial joint resolves painful mobility.

人工关节解决了运动时的疼痛。

Following your surgery, you may uses a 'V' shaper pillow between your legs while you sleep, to position your hip while it heals.

遵照您的医生，在髋关节愈合过程中。您在睡觉时需要使用“V”形的枕头置于您的两腿之间以摆正髋关节的位置。

Your hip movement will be restrict at first to provent your artificial joint from dislocating.

起初，应限制您的髋关节的活动，以防止人工关节脱位。

During this time, your should refrain from crossing your legs, bending your hips at more than a 90-degree angle, or pointing your feet inward or outward.

在此期间，你应该避免交叉下肢，髋关节屈曲避免超过90度，或将足内外旋转。

Physical therapist will help your exercises to strengthen your hip. At first, you will need to use a walker, cane or crutches. You should be able to resume light activities soon after your procedure. Total hearing can take 3~4 months. Recovery from hip replacement is individualized. Your doctor will let you know what to expect.

物理治疗师会教您练习以加强髋关节力量。开始时，您可能需要使用行走器、手枚或拐杖。术后您很快能恢复轻微的活动。完全愈合需要3~4月。髋关节置换术后的恢复存在个体差异。您的医生会告诉您预期疗效。

（胡佰文  听译）

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