高中英语选修8 第一单元 知识小结
第一单元 知识小结
1.as many as后接可数名词
He can speak as many as ten languages.
as much as 后接不可数名词 如 金钱、降雨量
as well as 也，还，而且 as far as 直到，到··什么程度 as long as 只要，如果 as soon as possible 尽可能快地 as early as possible 尽可能早的
2. East west south north
可以作名词，表示方位，与介词连用 on指接壤 in在范围内 to不接壤 （可以作副词 但是不与介词和冠词连用）
Japan lies to the east of China.= East of China lies Japan.
China lies in the east of Asia.
3.live on 继续生存 继续存在 除此以外还有
以、、什么为主食；靠什么过活 后接 表示食物、人、收入等
The soldiers lived on wild plants.
4.means 手段；方法
A car is a means of getting there.
Means 单复数同行，其作主语时，谓语动词的单复形式要根据句子的具体含义来定。
Every means has been tried.
All means are unpleasant.
Sheep ,deer, fish ,Japanese, aircraft, species, series 等
5.majority 做主语时，若强调整体，谓语用单数，如强调团队中的一分子，谓语要用复数。
My family is very large.
His family are waiting for him (class family team group government crowd crew public)
6.keep up 坚持 维持 沿袭（风俗 传统等）
相关词汇：keep an eye on keep away keep back keep from doing keep sb in mind keep off keep up with keep down
7. The book is by far the best. 最高级可以被序数词以及much by far nearly almost修饰
8.population 问人口多少时要用large 或 big 人口少时要用 small 不能使用 many /much /few /little
Have a population of 表示有人口多少 提问时 要有 what
9. be know for be know as be know to
Be know for因为什么而出名 be know as作为什么而出名 be know to 对于谁是出名
Hangzhou is known for its beautiful.
Hangzhou is known to everyone.
10. none /nobody /nothing
None既可指人又可指物 与of连用作主语时，谓语用单数或复数均可以。 None of us has been to Macao.
No one指没有人 nothing没有任何东西 作主语谓语动词 只能用单数。
11. possible/ probable/ likely
Probable 和possible 作形容词，只能修饰事/物；而likely既可以作形容词又可以做副词。可以修饰物也可以修饰人。 Probable>likely>possible
He is likely to come.= It is likely that he will come .
12. die from/ die of/ die with/ die for/ die by
1）Die from 意为“由于、、而死亡”外部原因（如缺乏食物、事故、意外、过量饮酒等）
2）die of 多死于内因 （情感、疾病、饥饿等）
3）die with 表示多死于某种精神因素 也可以用取代die of
4) die for 为了什么而死
5）die by 死于暴力
相关词汇：die down 变弱，平息，消失die away 减弱，淡化die off 相继死去die out灭绝
13. age/time/day
Age 可以表示时代，但通常都用做单数并大写。Age 做复数时，可以表示为“长时间”，相当于for o long time
the Ice Age 冰河世纪
time 表示“时代”常用复数形式，但是也用单数形式
It happened at the time of King Alfred.
Day 可以表示历史的一段时期，还可以表示在人的一生中某一特定的、独特的一段时间。
In my school day
14. fight for/fight with /fight against
Fight 表示“打仗，战斗、和、、、作斗争 ”
Fight for 为什么斗争 fight with 和谁并肩作战 fight against 为反对什么而斗争
Struggle 有同样的用法
15. it is believed that
It 作主语，That引导主语从句。
类似的还有：it is said that /it is hoped that/ it is ordered that / it is supposed that /it is well-known that /it is reported that
It is said that the story is true.
16. before long / long before
Before long 不久以后 常用于将来和过去时
before long they did not have to worry about their children.
Long before 很久以前 常用于过去式
We heard of the story long before.
17.it was(not) +段时间+before从句
没过多久 就、、、常用于过去时
It will(not) be+段时间+before从句
再过多久、、、久 一般将来时
It was seven days before everything returned to normal.
Before 引导的时间状语从句时，从句中不能使用将来时，需要用一般现在时表示将来。
18.apply的用法
a.请求，向、、、申请 apply (to sb) for sth
b.施用，涂抹，贴
c.被用于，合适 apply sth to sth
d.应用于 apply sth to sth
the doctor applied the laser to the operation.
e.专心从事，专心致力于、、 apply oneself to
He apply himself to the study.
19.occur
发生，出现
It occur to sb to do sth 突然想起要做某事
Sth occur to sb 突然想起某事
It occur to sb that 某人突然想起
It occurs to me to buy some food.
Occur 主要是 偶然的 无被动形式 与 happen 相似
Happen 表示发生 无意的 无被动形式
Take place 通常是按计划、安排发生的事，无被动形式
Break out 通常是 火灾 战争 疾病等的爆发 无被动形式
20.consist of 组成，构成
Consist 不用于被动语态，也不用于进行时态
Consist in 在于，主要是
The beauty of this picture consist in its balance of colures.
21.take in
欺骗，理解，领会，该小
Can you take in the meaning of the word?
相关短语
Take away拿走，掠去 take back拿回，带回take down 拆除take on 呈现，具有 take out 拿出，取出take over 接管take up 占据，从事take off 移开，成名，成功
22.很多，许多
A number of /dozens of/ scores of /后接可数名词复数，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
A great number of students like football.
A great deal of, a large amount of ,后接不可数名词，作主语，谓语动词用单数
A quantity of 可接可数名词和不可数名词 谓语取决于后面的名词
Quantities of 后面名词无论单复 谓语都用复数形式
Quantities of apples supplied to the children.
23.rather than other than more than
Rather than 而是 常见结构 prefer to do ..rather than do 宁愿做。。而不做。。 Would do„ rather than do 宁愿做也不做
Other than 除了 相当于 but/ except
You can go there other than by swimming
More than 超过 不止是
24.if
If so 如果这样 if any 假如有 if not 如果不是 if possible 如果可能的话 if necessary 如果必要的话
25强调句
结构 it is /was +被强调的部分+that/who/whom+剩余部分
强调句可以强调主语、宾语、状语等，
A. 强调主语， 主语为人称代词，主格不变。
B. 强调状语时，不能用where，when, why等，用that代替
C. 强调句中，be动词随句子时态变化而变化。
D. 强调句的一般疑问句， is/was +被强调部分+that/who/whom+剩余部分
本单元语法——名词性从句
练习
1. _ of the village _two small lakes.
A .the east b. east, lies c. the east, lies d. east, lie
2.Peter’s jacket looked just the same as Jack’s ,but it cost _his.
a. as much twice as b. twice as much as c. much as twice as d. as twice much as
3. I like this jacket better than that one, but it coasts almost three times_ a. as much b. as many c. so much d. so many
4. Just use this room for the time being, and we will offer you a larger one_ it becomes available.
a. when b. while c. then d. that
5. She was too sad to _ her tears when she heard the sad news.
a. keep up b. keep out c. keep back d. keep away
6. Smell the flowers before you go to sleep and you must just_ sweet dreams.
a. keep up with b. put up with c. end up with d. catch up with
7. It looks like the weather is changing for_ .shall we stick to out plan?
A. the worse b. worse c. the worst d. worst
8. _the population of China?
About 1.3 billion
a. what is b. how many c. how much is d. what are
9.Many of the earth’s plants and animals have already _, and several other species are endangered.
a. died away b. died out c. died off d. died up
10.It is _ to rain .It is cloudy.
a. likely b. probably c. possibly d. probable
11.I felt so bad all day yesterday that I decided this morning I could not face_ day like that.
a. other b. another c. the other d. others
12. Ladies and gentlemen, please remain _ until the plane has come to a complete stop.
a. seated b. seating c. to seat d. seat
13.John thinks it won’t be long _ he is ready for his new job. a. when b. after c. before d. since
14.John’s success has nothing to do with good luck. It is years of hard work_ have made him what he is today.
a. why b. when c. which d. that
15. Did not it _to you to phone them about it?
a. happen b. occur c. take place d. break out
16. It _ that I met her on my way home.
a. took place b. occurred d. happened d. broke out
17. It never occurred to me _ you can succeed in persuading him to change his mind.
a. which b. what c. that d. if
18. The test _ a number of multiple choice questions.
a. consists of b. lies in c. makes of d. takes in
19._ the houses were knocked down in the earthquake.
a. a great many b. the number of c. a great many of d. a great deal of
20. It took _ building supplies to construct these energy-saving houses. It took brains, too.
a. other than b. more than c. rather than d. less than
21. Some of you may have finished unit one._ , you can go on to unit two. a. if you may b. if you do c. if not d. if so
22. The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if _ regularly, can improve our health.
a. being carried b. carrying out c. carried out d. to carry out