八下第二单元英语知识要点

新目标八下英语第二单元知识要点

1. clean 可用作形容词，意为“清洁的，干净的”，此外 clean 可用作动词，用于以下词组：clean up 打扫清洁或收拾整齐，整理。

clean out 打扫某物内部（如：房间，抽屉，箱子等）

clean-up （名词）打扫，清洁。

练一练：

It’s time for you to _________________ your bedroom.

I will help you _____________ the school.

Tomorrow is _____________________day. Everyone should try to do some cleaning.

2. sick 和 ill 的用法区别 sick 是形容词,

如:His father was sick yesterday, so he didn't go to work. 他的父亲昨天病了,因此他没有去上班。

Tom has looked after the sick girl for a week.

汤姆照顾那个生病的小女孩已经一星期了。

当 ill 意为

如:He is an ill child.他是一个坏孩子。

3. We need to come up with a plan for the City Park Clean -up Day. 我们需要为城市公园清洁日想出一个计划。

come up with =think up 想出 【短语】：think about 考虑 ;

think of 想起; think over 仔细考虑

【谚语】 Think before you act 三思而后行

①We need_________________________(想出) a plan.

②My mother came up with a good idea which we all agreed to.

选同义 A. thought about B. thought up C. thought hard

4. They told me stories about the past and how things used to be. 他们给我讲过去的故事，并告诉我过去事情是什么样的。

(1) use v.使用→useful adj. 有用的; use up 用完

Studying English is__________(use).

(2) use sth. to do sth. 用某物做某事

We use the Internet ___________(find) information.

(3) used to do sth 过去常常做某事，表示过去做过的事现在已经不做，只用于过去时态。 ①My mother used_________（tell）us story when we were young.

( ) ②He used to ____short and ____ short hair when he was young.

A. have; be B. be; have C. be; be D. have; have

(4) be /get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事

My grandpa is used ___________(live) in country.

(5) be used to do sth 被用来做某事=be used for doing sth

①Stamps are used ____________(post) letters.

②My brother used to _____ up late, but now he is used to __ up early

A. get ;get B. getting; get C. get; getting D. getting; getting

③ Keys are used ___ the door.

A. to open B. to opening C. open D. opening

【记】 He used to wear glasses . But now he is used to wearing contact lenses. 他以前常戴（框架）眼镜，但现在习惯戴隐形眼镜。

5.Yeah, a lot of old people are lonely. 是的，很多老年人都很孤独。

【解析】alone / lonely 辨析：

(1)alone = by oneself adj. 单独的，指无人陪伴的客观事实，不带感情色彩。 He often walks home alone.

(2)lonely ①指人孤独的，寂寞的，强调主观感受；②也可指某个地方是荒凉的

( ) ①The old man lives ___，but he never feels ____.

A. alone ;lonely B. lonely; alone C. alone; alone D. lonely; lonely

( )②My little sister is afraid to stay at home____

A. quietly B. lonely C. all the time D alone

( )③ He did the work all by himself

A. already B. together C. alone D. lonely

7. Mario Green and Mary Brown from Riverside High School give up several hours each week to help others.

来自河畔高中的马里奥.格林和玛丽.布朗每周都会花几个小时去帮助别人。

give up 放弃 give up doing sth.=stop doing sth. 放弃做某事 ( )1.I find it too difficult to learn English well. I want to drop it.

A. give up it B. give it up C. give away it D. give it away

8.But I want to learn more about how to care for animals.

care for 照看；照顾； 照料

A. worry about B. care for C. agree with D. take care

care 的短语总结 take care =be careful 当心，小心

take care of =look after 照顾，照料，照看

9.She could read by herself at the age of four. 她在四岁的时候就能够独自阅读。 at the age of 在......岁的时候= when sb. was ... years old.

—Do you know Mo Yan? —Of course, He won the 2012 Nobel Prize four Literature _____ the age of 57.

A. in B. at C. on D. To

10. Last year, she decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program. 去年，她决定尝试在一个课后阅读项目中做一名志愿者。

try out 尝试；实验 try 试图，设法，努力

(1)try on 试穿

(2) try to do sth 尽力做某事 侧重尽力做

(3) try doing sth 试图做某事 侧重尝试做

(4)try one’s best to do sth= do one’s best to do sth

尽某人最大努力做某事

11.For example , we can make plans to visit sick children in the hospital or raise money for homeless people. 例如， 我们可以制定一些计划去看望医院生病的孩子们或者无家可归的人们筹钱。

be home to „ = be the home of sb. 成为„家园 a homeless boy 一个无家可归的男孩 We have only one Earth. It's our _____.

A. family B. house C. home D. room

由 home 构成的合成词： homeland n 祖国 hometown n 家乡 homework 家庭作业 homeless adj. 无家可归的 home-made adj. 自制的 He was born in Italy, but he has made China his ____.

A. family B. address C. house D. home 。

careless 粗心的 hopeless 没有希望的 helpless 无助的 useless 没有用的 be home to sb. = be the home of sb. 是某人的家

①You should do something to help ________(无家可归的)people.

( ) ② Mr. Li regards Ningxia as his second ___ because he has been here for over twenty years.

A. family B. house C. room D. home

12.Some people even stop doing their jobs for a few months to a year to move to another country, like Africa, and help people there. 有些人甚至会停下自己的工作几个月到一年去其他的国家， 像非洲， 并且帮助那里的人们。

stop doing

(1)stop doing sth. 停止做某事 Please stop speaking.请停止讲话

(2)stop to do sth. 停下来去做另外一件事 Please stop to talk.请停下来讲话 (3)stop sb. from doing sth. =keep sb from doing sth=prevent sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事

(4)can’t stop doing sth. 忍不住做?

( )①Seeing their teacher ____ into the classroom, they stopped _____ at once. A. walk ; talking B, enter; talking C. enter; to talk

②—Dad, why must I stop, computer games?—For your health, my boy. A. play

B. to play C. to playing D. playing

13. I take after my mother.

1. take after 指的是“（在外貌性格方面）与„„像”，不管是名词还是代词只能放在 其后。look like“长得像,看起来像”，（只指外表）。be like 既指性格像也可指外表像。 eg. His son really ____.

A. take after him B. take him after C. takes after him D. takes him after

14. I’ve run out of it.

run out of 意为“用完，用尽”= use up eg. The woman has run out of all her money, she is poor now.

A. used up B. mixed up C. run off D. run away

15. I give it away.

give away 表示“捐赠”，如果宾语是代词，必须把代词放在中间,

give it/them away.

小结含 give 的短语：

give sb a call; give up; give out; give off 发出（光.热.气体）

eg. The rich man has given away all his money to charity.

16. I fix it up.

fix up 意为“修理；修补”。区别 fix; mend; repair. fix:固定；安装；修理机器，车辆mend“修理；修补” ， 一般指衣服,鞋袜,钟表,自行车,电视 机；repair：修理 构造较为复杂,损伤较大的机器汽车建筑物.

eg. 1) I have to ______ my MP4.

2) How long did you spend _____ your car?

3) In the past, people always _____ old clothes.

5. I’m similar to her.

be similar to 意为“与„„类似; be the same as“与„„完全相同”。

eg. All eggs look similar _____ one another, but not two eggs are the same_____ each other.

A. to; to B. as; as C. to; as D. as; to

⑴be sure＋of／about doing sth，―确信„„；对„„有把握。 但在接名词时，be sure of 侧重指主语对某抽象事物的确信无疑； be sure about 则侧重指主语对某具体事物的确信无疑。 I'm sure of his honesty．我肯定他是诚实的。

⑵be sure to do sth ，表示说话人对句子主语作出的判断，认为句子主语必定、必然会、―准会 It is sure to rain．天一定会下雨。

⑶be sure (that)+宾语从句，表示主句主语对宾语从句中涉及的事物所作出的判断，意为确信某事 一定会„„。

We are sure he will make great progress this term．

set up 建立；设立 set up =establish =build 建立（v. +adv）

（ ）The primary school _____in 1995.

A. was set up B. was put up C. was found