初一英语语法和练习
一、名词
A 、名词的数
我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词,而不可数名词它没有复数形式 不可数名词的表示方式有:a glass of water, a piece of paper, two bowls of rice 可数名词复数的构成如下:
二)单词形式不变,既可以是单数也可以是复数的有:police 警察局,警察, class班,同学, family家,家庭成员
三)合成的复数一般只加主要名词,多数为后一个单词。如:action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man 或woman 所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如:man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers
四) 特殊形式的有:child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen
五)常用of 词组来表示数量,of 后面如果是可数名词,要用复数,如果是不可数名词就用原形 如:a cup of tea . two glasses of milk three pieces of bread four bowls of rice one box of eggs B 、名词的格
当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时,我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下: 一)单数在后面加’s。如:brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s
二)复数以s 结尾的直接在s 后加’,如果不是以s 结尾的与单数一样处理。如:Teachers’ Day教师节, classmates’; Children’s Day六一节, Women’s Day三八节
三)由and 并列的名词所有时,如果是共同所有同一人或物时,只加最后一个’s,但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如:Mike and Ben’s room迈克和本的房间(共住一间),Mike’s and Ben’s rooms迈克和本的房间(各自的房间)
I. 写出下列名词的复数形式:
1. house _________ 2. village ___________ 3. map __________ 4. orange _________ 5. bag ___________ 6. tomato _________ 7. brush __________ 8. family ___________ 9. bus ___________ 10. city __________ 11. box ___________ 12. baby __________
13. watch _________ 14. woman _________ 15. policeman ___________ 16. potato ___________ 17. Chinese __________ 18. leaf ___________ 19. American __________ 20. child __________
Ⅳ. 选择填空:
1. I want to buy ________.
A. two bottles of ink B. two bottle of ink C. two bottle of inks D. two bottles of inks 2. There are three ______ and seven ______ in the picture.
A. cows, sheeps B. cows, sheep C. cow, sheep D. cow, sheeps 3. June 1 is _______.
A. children’s day B. children’s Day C. Children’s Day D. Children’s day 4. ______ room is next to their parents’.
A. Kate’s and Joan’s B. Kate’s and Joan C. Kate and Joan’s D. Kate and Joan 5. I’d like to have a glass of milk and _______.
A. two breads B. two pieces of breads C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread 6. Many ______ are singing over there.
A. woman B. women C. girl D. child 7. He bought _______.
A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoes C. two pairs of shoe D. two pair of shoe 8. Mr. White has three _______.
A. child B. children C. childs D. childrens 9. There are many ______ in the fridge.
A. fish B. fruit C. eggs D. bread 10. Mum, I’m quite thirsty. Please give me ________.
A. two orange B. two bottle of oranges C. two bottles of orange D. two bottles of oranges
二、代词
be 动词 am is are
三. 完形填空
This 1 Jim. He is 2 friend. He is twelve. He and I 3 in the same school. I 4 eleven. I’m 5 Class 3, Grade 1.He is in Class 2, Grade 1.His mother 6 a teacher. 7 teaches English 8 my school. 9 name 10 Feng Ling.
1.A. is B. are C. am 2.A. me B. I C. my
3.A. be B. are C. is 4.A. am B. is C. are 5.A. at B. in C. to 6.A. am B. are C. is 7.A. Her B. She C. He 8.A. to B. on C. in 9.A. Her B. She C. His 10.A. be B. is C. are
三、数词
1) 基数词 表示" 多少" 的词叫做基数词 2) 序数词 表示" 第几" 的词叫做序数词
A 、基数词规律: 1)13-19皆以后缀-teen 结尾,它们都有两个重音。注意thirteen ,fifteen ,eighteen 的发音和拼法。
2) 20-90第十位数的整数均以后缀-ty[ti]结尾。
3) 十位数和个位数之间须用连字号"-" 。如:twenty-one(二十一) ,fifty-five(五十五) B 、序数词规律
1) 英语序数词1-19除第一(first),第二(second),第三(third)有特殊形式外,其余均由基数词后加-th [W]构成。
2) 有几个序数词加 -th 时拼法不规则,它们是:fifth ,eighth ,ninth ,twelfth 。 3) 十位整数的序数词的构成方法是:先将十位整数基数词的词尾 -ty 中的y 变成i ,然后加-eth]。
4) 基数词" 几十几" 变成序数词时,仅将个位数变成序数词,十位数不变。如twenty-one 变成twenty-first 。
5) 序数词的缩写形式,由阿拉伯数码后加上序数词的最后两个字母构成。如:1st ,2nd ,3rd ,4th ,31st ,82nd ,93rd ,94th 等。
( ) 1、 My brother is in____.
A. Three Class, One Grade B. Class Three, Grade One C. Grade One, Class Three D. class three, grade one ( ) 2、Please turn to___. Let's read the text aloud.
A. Page Two B. the page two C. second page D. page second ( ) 3、 Every day he begins to do his homework ___. A. at ten past seven B. at seven pass ten C. on ten past seventh D. until ten
( )4、 There are____ months in a year. December is the____month of the year. A. twelve; twelve B. twelve; twelfth C. twelfth; twelve D. twelve; twelveth ( ) 5、 -What's the date today? -Its___.
A. Friday B. time to go C. cloudy D. June 4th
四、冠 词
冠词分为不定冠词a, an 定冠词the 及零冠词
1、不定冠词a, an:表示数量有“一”的意思,但不强调数目的概念,只用来泛指事物,说明其名称或种类。
1)第一次提到某人或某物,不定冠词起介绍作用。 如:What is this? It is a bus. 2)表示泛指某一类人或物 A snake is a dangerous animal.
3) 表示某一人或事物的任何一个 That is an orange.
4)表示“每一”的意思,相当于every 。
Once a week three times a day half an hour four Yuan a kilo 5) 用于某些词组,是该词组补课缺少的组成部分。
Have a good time a little a few in a word(总之) have a rest take a walk have a look
2、定冠词的用法 l )特指某人或某物。
如:The book on the desk is mine. 2)指双方都知道的人或事物。 如:Where are the new books,Jim ?
3)第一次提到某人某物,第二次以后再次提到时则用定冠词。
如:There is an old woman standing there. The old woman looked worried. 4)用在世上独一无二的事物名词前。
如:the sun, the sky, the earth, the world, etc. 5)用在序数词前面表示顺序。 On the fifth floor
6) 用在形容词和副词的最高级前。 He is the tallest of us. 7) 用在某些建筑物名词前。
如:the White House, the Great Wall
8) 用在姓氏复数形式之前, 表示“某某一家”或“某某夫妇”。 如:the Greens格林一家, the Blacks, etc. 9)用在乐器名词前。
如:the piano, the violin, etc.
10)用在形容词前,表示复数意义的某一类人或事物。
如:the old老人, the young年轻人,the poor穷人,the rich富人, the blind盲人, the wounded伤员etc.
11)用在表示方向位置的名词前。
如:in the east, on the right, in the centre, etc. 12)用在某些习惯用语中。
如:in the morning, by the way, look the same, etc. 3、零冠词的用法
1) 名词前已有作定语的指示代词、物主代词或不定代词等限定词。如this, my, whose, some, no ,each, every等。
如:I want this book, not that one.
2) 专有名词(国名、人名) 、物质名词和抽象名词等不可数名词前。 如:China ,water ,air, etc.
3)球类棋类活动、学科名词、一日三餐前。
如:We have English every day . Play football/chess have breakfast/lunch/supper 4) 节日、星期、月份、季节等名词前。
如:Children’s Day May Day Monday January autumn 5) 复数名词前一般不用定冠词。
There are trees and flowers around the house. 6) 某些固定词组或习惯用语中。
如:at home,at night, on duty, in hospital, learn by heart记住, by bus, etc.
五、动词
一般现在时:
句子结构: 肯定句 主语+be (am, is, are ) + 其他 否定句 主语+be not +其他 疑问句 Be+主语+其他
或: 肯定句 主语+动词原型+其他 ( 第三人称单数作主语动词要加"s" ) 否定句 主语+don't+动词原型+其他(第三人称单数作主语don't 改为doesn't) 疑问句 DO+主语+动词原型+其他(第三人称单数作主语do 改为does) 关键词: sometimes, often, usually, always, every day 用法一:表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态。 时间状语: every„, sometimes, at„, on Sunday。
He often stays up late. 他常熬夜。 We go home every month. 我们每月都要回家。 用法二:表示客观真理或永恒的状态。如:
The earth travels round the sun. 地球绕太阳旋转。 Trees turn green in spring. 春天树木变绿。 一般过去时:
句子结构:肯定句 主语+be(was,were)+其他 否定句 主语+be not+其他 疑问句 Be+主语+其他
或: 肯定句 主语+动词的过去式+其他 否定句 主语+did not+动词原型+其他 疑问句 Did+主语+动词原型+其他
关键词:yesterday,yesterday morning等 ,last week, last year
1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。 2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。
例如: When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
我是个孩子的时候,常在马路上踢足球。
一般将来时:
句子结构: 肯定句 主语+will+动词原型+其他 否定句 主语+will not +动词原型+其他 疑问句 Will +主语+动词原型+其他
(will 可改为be going to ,当主语是第一人称时will 可用shall) 关键词:tomorrow, tomorrow morning, next month 现在进行时:
句子结构:肯定句 主语+be +动词的现在分词+其他 否定句 主语+be not+动词的现在分词+其他 疑问句 Be +主语+动词的现在分词+其他 关键词:now, look,listen