动名词作宾语或介词宾语
动名词作宾语或介词宾语
1.在很多动词后都可跟动名词作宾语：
Have you finished cleaning the windows?窗子擦好了吗？
Would you mind shutting the door?劳驾把门关上行吗？
I enjoyed working there.我在那里工作很高兴。
Our house needs painting.我们的房子需要油漆。
能跟这种宾语的动词很多，常见的有：stop, suggest, remember, begin, like, start, mind, continue, can’t help等。
2.有些动词可以跟动名词作宾语也可用不定式作宾语，意思上没有太大差别，如：
Do you like playing chess?你喜欢下棋吗？
to play
They began talking about something else.他们开始谈别的事。
to talk
有时两者在意思上有差别：
I remember seeing you somewhere.记得在哪里见到过你。
Remember to post the letter.记得把信发掉。
3.动名词作介词宾语的时候也很多，特别是在某些成语后，如：
Are you interested in going with us?你有兴趣和我们一块儿去吗？
He is fond of playing tennis.他很喜欢打网球。
I’m thinking of going to Hangchow.我在考虑到杭州去一趟。
Thank you for coming.谢谢你来。
4.动名词还可和某些介词一道用作状语等：
After playing chess, we watched TV.下过棋之后我们看电视。
Give me a phone call before leaving home.离家前给我打个电话。 I’m all for going by bus.我完全赞成坐公共汽车去。 Exercises: 1. 在下面句子中作宾语的动名词(短语)下划线： 1) He enjoys teaching. 2) She kept talking. 3) She disliked my working late. 4) Forgive my ringing up so early. 5) I remember telling her about you. 6) She liked reading short stories. 7) Then we stopped talking. 8) Would you mind telling her about it? 9) He admitted taking the money. 10) They began talking about their school days. 2. 在下面用作介词宾语的动名词下划线： 1) I don’t feel like eating anything now. 2) I’ve got used to working at night. 3) I’m proud of having a friend like you. 4) She was keen on coming to Chine. 5) I never dreamed of meeting you in China. 6) My sister is fond of reading picture books. 3. 在下面句子中的介词短语下划线：
1) We can’t live without eating.
2) They were surprised at your doing that.
3) Since returning from Xi’an, I was awfully busy.
4) She left without saying good-bye to us.
5) What have you been doing besides writing the book?
6) He was praised for working so hard.
不定式作主语和宾语http://www.sina.com.cn 2007年09月11日 19:10 北文图书 不定式作主语和宾语
1.不定式(短语)常可用作主语：
To see is to believe.眼见为实。
To act like that is foolish.这样做是愚蠢的。
2.在很多情况下我们都把不定式往后移，前面用先行词it作形式上的主语，这样句子结构会显得更平稳。这时谓语可以是：
1)be＋形容词：
It’s difficult to learn English well.学好英语不容易。
2)be＋形容词＋for引起的短语：
It’s hard for me to answer.我很难回答。
3)be＋形容词＋of引起的短语：
It’s kind of you to think so much of us.难得你为我们这样着想。
4)be＋名词：
It’s our duty to do that.这样做是我们的职责。
5)其他形式的谓语：
How long does it take to get there?到那里需要多少时间？
3.不定式(短语)作宾语的时候极多，例如： She is learning to swim.她在学游泳。 He promised to help us.他答应帮助我们。 4.有些动词后可跟一个带有连接副(代)词的不定式作宾语： I don’t know how to answer.我不知道该怎样回答。 She will tell you what to do.她会告诉你该怎么做。 5.有时还可用it作形式上的宾语，把不定式放到后面去： I don’t think it necessary to do that.我想这样做不必要。 He felt it his duty to point that out.他感到有责任指出这一点。 Exercises: 1. 在下面句子的主语下划线： 1) To smoke so many cigarettes is bad for your health. 2) It’s difficult to answer the question. 3) It’s nice to be with you. 4) It’s impossible to get there in two hours. 5) It’s our duty to help them. 6) How long does it take to get there? 7) It made her angry to hear that. 8) It isn’t right not to help them. 9) It is an honour to be invited to visit the country. 10) It’s easy to answer that question. 2. 在下面句子的宾语下划线：
1) She agreed to go there with us.
2) They decided to go there by train.
3) He promised to help us.
4) Do you wish to go there with us?
5) They will show you how to do the work.
6) I did not know how to translate the sentence.
7) Helen found it hard to get on with them.
8) Do you think it easy to learn English?
9) They considered it better not to go.
10) She felt it her duty to take care of the children.
不定式作定语和状语http://www.sina.com.cn 2007年09月11日 19:10
不定式作定语和状语
1.不定式(短语)作定语时很多，特别是在某些句型中：
Do you have anything more to say?你还有什么话要说吗？
I want to get something to read.我要找些资料看。
There is nothing to be worried about.没有什么事值得发愁。
We need someone to take care of the children.我们需要人看孩子。
2.有些名词后常可用不定式作定语：
It’s time to go to bed.是睡觉的时候了。
You have no right to do that.你没有权利这样做。
That’s the best way to do the work.这是做这工作最好的办法。
I’d like to have a chance to see him again.我希望有机会再见到他。
3.不定式有时可用作状语，表示目的、结果、原因等：
北文图书
I went to town to buy some books.我进城去买书。 I’ve come to learn from you.我是来向你们学习的。 What have I said to make you so angry?我说了什么话使你这样生气？ She lived to be ninety.她活到了九十岁。 I’m glad to see you.看到你我很高兴。 We are proud to be students of China.作为中国的学生我们感到自豪。 4.还可用来表示某方面： She is always ready to help others.她总是乐于帮助别人。 We were eager to go home.我们亟于想回家。 Be careful not to catch cold.当心别感冒。 The book is easy to understand.这书容易懂。 She was too young to understand that.她太年轻不懂这一点。 Exercises: 1. 在作定语的不定式(短语)下划线： 1) I have a lot of things to do today. 2) There are two letters to be typed. 3) Let’s go and get something to drink. 4) There’s no need to worry at all. 5) We have a right to know. 6) I had nothing to do that night. 7) She didn’t have the courage to tell you that. 8) That’s probably the only thing to do now.
9) There is no need to worry.
10) He is not a man to bow before difficulties.
2. 在作状语的不定式(短语)下划线：
1) They ran over to welcome us.
2) I’m sorry to hear that.
3) They are eager to take part in the job.
4) The girls are easy to get along with.
5) You are right to say so.
6) She was glad to see us.
7) Never too old to learn.
8) It was too late to do anything now.
9) She was unwilling to take the job.
10) To be frank, I don’t like the idea.
动名词的句法作用http://www.sina.com.cn 2007年09月11日 19:10
动名词的句法作用
1.动名词起名词的作用，在句中可作：
1)主语：
Fishing is prohibited.禁止垂钓。
2)表语：
My favourite sport is skiing.我最喜欢的运动是滑雪。
3)宾语：
I suggested going by plane.我建议坐飞机去。
4)介词的宾语：
北文图书
She is fond of swimming.她喜欢游泳。 5)定语： This is your boarding pass.这是你的登机证。 在很多情况下动名词和名词已构成合成词： opening speech开幕词 waiting-room候车室 living room客厅 sleeping pill安眠药 deep-ploughing深耕 close-planting密植 weightlifting举重 family-planning计划生育 2.有些动名词已经名词化，前面可加冠词，可用定语修饰，甚至有复数形式： You should give the room a good cleaning.你把房间好好打扫一下。 Who did the recording?是谁录的音？ Please take our greetings to him.请向他问好。 The work needs careful planning.这工作需要周密计划。 3.有些动名词已完全成为名词： Let’s bring in the washing.咱们去把洗好的衣服收进来。 The story has a happy ending.这故事有个愉快的结局。 Exercises: 1. 在下面句子中的动名词下划线并说明它在句中的作用： 1) Smoking is prohibited. ( ) 2) The only thing that interests her is dancing. ( ) 3) They insisted on going by plane. ( ) 4) I like reading short stories. ( )
5) What can we learn by watching such movies? ( ) 6) Do you mind my sitting here? ( ) 7) They insisted on my staying there for supper. ( ) 8) I’m thinking of going to London. ( ) 9) She takes no interest in my working there. ( ) 10) Running is my favourite sport. ( ) 11) Her job is raising pigs. ( ) 12) Seeing is believing. ( ) ( ) 2. 把下面合成名词译为汉语： 1) reading-room 2) parking space 3) sitting room 4) washing machine 5) job-hunting 6) living standard 7) handwriting 8) sight seeing 9) washing-powder 10) air-conditioning 3. 在下面句子的真正主语下划线： 1) It’s nice talking to you. 2) It’s no use doing that.
3) It’s no good arguing with him.
4) It’s a waste of time going there now.
动名词作宾语或介词宾语http://www.sina.com.cn 2007年09月11日 19:10 北文图书 动名词作宾语或介词宾语
1.在很多动词后都可跟动名词作宾语：
Have you finished cleaning the windows?窗子擦好了吗？
Would you mind shutting the door?劳驾把门关上行吗？
I enjoyed working there.我在那里工作很高兴。
Our house needs painting.我们的房子需要油漆。
能跟这种宾语的动词很多，常见的有：stop, suggest, remember, begin, like, start, mind, continue, can’t help等。
2.有些动词可以跟动名词作宾语也可用不定式作宾语，意思上没有太大差别，如：
Do you like playing chess?你喜欢下棋吗？
to play
They began talking about something else.他们开始谈别的事。
to talk
有时两者在意思上有差别：
I remember seeing you somewhere.记得在哪里见到过你。
Remember to post the letter.记得把信发掉。
3.动名词作介词宾语的时候也很多，特别是在某些成语后，如：
Are you interested in going with us?你有兴趣和我们一块儿去吗？
He is fond of playing tennis.他很喜欢打网球。
I’m thinking of going to Hangchow.我在考虑到杭州去一趟。
Thank you for coming.谢谢你来。
4.动名词还可和某些介词一道用作状语等： After playing chess, we watched TV.下过棋之后我们看电视。 Give me a phone call before leaving home.离家前给我打个电话。 I’m all for going by bus.我完全赞成坐公共汽车去。 Exercises: 1. 在下面句子中作宾语的动名词(短语)下划线： 1) He enjoys teaching. 2) She kept talking. 3) She disliked my working late. 4) Forgive my ringing up so early. 5) I remember telling her about you. 6) She liked reading short stories. 7) Then we stopped talking. 8) Would you mind telling her about it? 9) He admitted taking the money. 10) They began talking about their school days. 2. 在下面用作介词宾语的动名词下划线： 1) I don’t feel like eating anything now. 2) I’ve got used to working at night. 3) I’m proud of having a friend like you. 4) She was keen on coming to Chine. 5) I never dreamed of meeting you in China.
6) My sister is fond of reading picture books.
3. 在下面句子中的介词短语下划线：
1) We can’t live without eating.
2) They were surprised at your doing that.
3) Since returning from Xi’an, I was awfully busy.
4) She left without saying good-bye to us.
5) What have you been doing besides writing the book?
6) He was praised for working so hard.
现在分词的句法作用http://www.sina.com.cn 2007年09月11日 19:10 北文图书 现在分词的句法作用
1.现在分词和动名词同形，在句中可构成各种进行时态(参阅时态各节)：
It is raining hard.雨下得很大。(现在进行时)
He was writing a letter.他在写信。(过去进行时)
What have you been doing?你在干什么？(现在完成进行时)
2.除了构成谓语外，现在分词还可：
1)用作表语：
The story is very interesting.这故事很有趣。
The day was so charming.天气十分怡人。
2)用作定语：
China is a developing country.中国是一个发展中国家。
The house is a charming museum now.这房子现在是一座迷人的博物馆。
3)用作状语：
He is busy answering letters.他在忙着给人回信。
Let’s go fishing.咱们钓鱼去吧。
4)用来构成复合宾语：
We saw a girl running towards us.我们看见一个女孩向我们跑来。
I heard someone knocking at the door.我听见有人敲门。
3.有不少现在分词可用作表语，表示主语的特征：
The water was quite refreshing.水使人清新。
One of the boys is missing.有一个男孩不见了。
“That’s amazing,” Jack said.“这太使人吃惊了，”杰克说。
The film was very amusing.这部电影很有趣。
能这样用的分词很多，如amusing, charming, discouraging, exciting, interesting, inviting, missing, amazing, shocking, surprising等。
Exercises:
1. 在下面句子中的分词或分词短语下划线，并说出它们在句中的作用：
1) Do you see the man walking down the street? ( )
2) I see him passing my house every day. ( )
3) I went shopping this morning. ( )
4) A boy came running out of the house. ( )
5) He found the boys stealing his apples. ( )
6) He fired, wounding one of the wolves. ( )
7) The teacher told us an amusing story. ( )
8) Who knows the missing word in this sentence? ( )
9) We saw some peasants working in the fields. ( )
10) I don’t like to see singing birds in cages. ( )
11) We went boating on the lake. ( )
12) He said he had seen a flying saucer. ( )
2. 在下面句子中作表语的分词下划线：
1) The weather was charming.
2) The story was quite amusing.
3) Skiing is more exciting than skating.
4) Her photograph was missing.
5) Such views are shocking to me.
6) The matter is pressing.
7) The old man’s views are shocking.
8) These reports are confusing.
9) What he said was rather disappointing.
10) Some of the letters are exciting.
现在分词作定语和状语http://www.sina.com.cn 2007年09月11日 19:10
现在分词作定语和状语
1.现在分词作定语时很多，有时单独作定语，放在所修饰的词前面：
He is a promising young man.他时一个有培养前途的青年。
It is a fascinating city.这是一座迷人的城市。
Wisconsin is the leading dairy state.威斯康星乳牛产品领先各州。
They are visiting in a neighbouring town.他们在临近一座城市访问。
2.也可引起一个短语，放在所修饰的词后面：
There is someone knocking at the door.有人在敲门。
北文图书
I know a man working in that factory.我认识一个在那家工厂干活的人。 The girl sitting beside me is my cousin.坐在我旁边的姑娘是我的表妹。 Do you know the man talking to her?和她说话的男子你认识吗？ 3.现在分词也有时可用作状语，修饰谓语，表示： 1)同时发生的另一动作： A boy came running in.一个男孩跑进屋来。 I went shopping with mother in town.我和妈妈一道进城买东西。 Following Tom, they started to climb.他们跟着汤姆往上爬。 2)原因： Not knowing the way, he couldn’t go there.由于不知道路，他无法到那里去。 Being excited, she couldn’t go to sleep.因为激动她睡不着。 3)时间： Hearing the news, we jumped with joy.听到这消息时我们高兴得跳了起来。 Turning around, he saw a tiger running up.他转过身时看到一只老虎跑了过来。 有时和when或while连用： They got engaged when traveling in Europe.他们在欧洲旅游时订了婚。 His fingers trembled while doing so.他这样做时手指颤抖了一下。 Exercises: 1. 在下面句子中作定语的分词或分词短语下划线： 1) He is a promising young man. 2) It is a fascinating city. 3) He was one of the leading composers of the time.
4) Who is the girl standing on her hands?
5) They built a road leading to the village.
6) Who knows the missing words in the sentence?
7) My aunt told us an amusing story.
8) In our village live 350 families belonging to three nationalities.
9) There is a car waiting at the door.
10) Don’t wake the sleeping child.
2. 在下面句子中由分词或分词短语表示的状语下划线：
1) Traveling by jeep, we visited a number of cities.
2) We couldn’t help them, being so poor ourselves.
3) Coming down the mountain, we met Jim on the way.
4) We spent a lot of money rebuilding the house.
5) He worked the whole afternoon trying to repair the car.
6) Not knowing the language, he couldn’t get a job.
7) The manager came towards us smiling.
8) Having failed twice, they didn’t want to try again.
9) Being a student, she was naturally interested in museums.
10) Turning around, she saw a man following her.
11) When leaving the airport, they waved to us again and again.
12) While staying there, I learnt a lot from them.
现在分词构成复合结构http://www.sina.com.cn 2007年09月11日 19:10
现在分词构成复合结构
1.不少动词可用现在分词构成复合宾语：
北文图书
I saw Tom waving to me.我看见汤姆向我挥手。
He heard someone knocking at the door.他听见有人敲门。
I am sorry to keep you waiting.对不起让你久等了。
We found a tree lying across the road.我们发现一棵树拦在马路中间。
这些都可作为句型来记，如hear somebody doing something, see somebody doing something，还有keep, notice, find, leave等动词可跟这样的宾语。
2.在see, hear, notice这类动词后，有时可跟两种复合结构，一种由现在分词构成，一种由不带to的不定式构成：
We saw a man standing there.我们看见一个男子站在那里。
We saw a man leave the house.我们看见一个男子离开了那座房子。
前者表示动作正在进行，后者表示动作业已完成，有时两种结构差别不大，可以换用，如：
I often heard her singing this song.我常听见她唱这首歌。
sing
3.这种结构也可用于被动形式：
He was often seen working in the fields.人们常常看见他在地里干活。
She was once heard singing this song.有一次人们听见她唱这支歌。
4.介词后间或也跟这种复合宾语：
She listened to him playing the piano.她听他弹钢琴。
He looked at the children playing under the tree.他看孩子们在树下玩耍。
Exercises:
1. 在下面句子中的复合宾语下划线：
1) I watched the children dancing in the garden.
2) She heard some people talking in the next room.
3) He felt the house shaking.
4) Do you smell something burning?
5) I am sorry to keep you waiting.
6) His question set us all thinking.
7) I noticed someone standing at the door.
8) My uncle caught the children stealing his apples.
9) I’ll have you all speaking English well within a year.
10) He found them playing basketball.
11) I have been kept waiting for two hours.
12) Voices were heard calling for help.
2. 在介词后的复合宾语下划线：
1) Just look at the rain pouring down!
2) We listened to the band playing in the park.
3) She wanted to leave the house without anyone seeing her.
4) I should thank you instead of you thanking me.
5) This story is about a girl sailing across the Atlantic alone.
6) With so many people supporting us, we are sure to succeed.
7) I couldn’t leave the house without anyone seeing me.
8) He was like an old tree blossoming again.
过去分词的句法作用http://www.sina.com.cn 2007年09月11日 19:10
过去分词的句法作用
1.过去分词在句子中的作用大致与现在分词相似，也可以用作：
1)表语： 北文图书
The glass is broken.玻璃杯破了。 2)定语： He has a sister called Julia.他有个妹妹叫朱莉娅。 3)状语： Greatly interested, they asked many question.他们大感兴趣问了许多问题。 也可构成复合宾语： I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow.我明天理发。 过去分词多有被动意思： I found the mirror broken. (The mirror was broken.) 2.过去分词作表语： 过去分词作表语时很多，多和be构成谓语(a)，也可和其他系动词构成谓语(b)： a. She is never bored.她从不感到厌烦。 The machine is broken.机器坏了。 I was very frightened.我很害怕。 She was tired from the flight.她坐飞机坐累了。 b. They got married last week.他们上星期结婚的。 She looked disappointed.她显得很失望。 He felt rather tired.他感到相当累。 Tom seemed delighted at the idea.汤姆听了这想法似乎很高兴。 Exercises: 1. 在下面句子中的过去分词下划线，并说明它们的作用： 1) Is the room furnished? ( )
2) She entered, accompanied by her daughter. ( )
3) These are stolen goods. ( )
4) They got married last year. ( )
5) He was wounded in the leg. ( )
6) Did you ever hear the song sung in Italian? ( )
7) She had a worried look on her face. ( )
8) He didn’t notice the surprised look on her face. ( )
9) She watched the child carried out of the room. ( )
10) Is there anything planned for tonight? ( )
2. 在下面句子中作表语的过去分词下划线：
1) Don’t get excited.
2) They felt insulted.
3) The door remained locked.
4) She looked disappointed.
5) They got engaged last winter.
6) Soon I grew dissatisfied with the work.
7) She seemed embarrassed by the question.
8) He was terribly upset.
9) She became annoyed with the children.
10) The shoe string came untied.
过去分词作定语和状语http://www.sina.com.cn 2007年09月11日 19:10 北文图书 过去分词作定语和状语
1.过去分词作定语的时候也不少，单独一个词多放在所修饰词的前面(a)，引起的短语都
放在所修饰的词后面(b)：
a. When shall we have the written test?我们什么时候考笔试？
I’ll have fried eggs.我要煎鸡蛋。
Do you like smoked fish?你喜欢熏鱼吗？
b. Is there anything planned for tonight?今晚有什么计划的活动吗？
What’s the language spoken there?那里讲什么语言？
A girl dressed in blue came into the room.一个穿蓝色衣服的姑娘走了进来。
有时单独的过去分词也可放在所修饰词的后面：
We still have some bread left.我们还剩一些面包。
过去分词有时构成合成词作定语：
a well-known musician著名的音乐家
heartfelt thanks由衷的感激
2.过去分词可以作状语，表示动作发生的背景(a)，原因(b)，时间(c)或假设情况(d)：
a. Built in 1192, the bridge is over 800 years old.这座桥是1192年修的，已有800多年的历史了。
Depressed, she went to see her mother.她情绪低落，跑去找她母亲。
b. Born into a peasant family, he had only two years of schooling.由于出生农民家庭，他只上了两年的学。
c. Seen from the hill (=when it is seen„), the town looks magnificent.从山上看，这座城市非常美。
d. Compared with you, we still have a long way to go.和你们相比，我们还有很大差距。
Exercises:
1. 在下面句子作定语的过去分词或过去分词短语下划线：
1) This is an unexpected development.
2) It is also called “The Unfinished Symphony”.
3) Whose are the reserved seats?
4) England and Scotland united to become the United Kingdom.
5) The play put on by the students was a great success.
6) The experience gained will be of great value to us.
7) Her father is a retired professor.
8) The company was run by some returned students.
9) We held a party to welcome the newly married couple.
10) What do you think of the plan put forward by Professor Johnson?
2. 在下面句子作状语的过去分词或过去分词短语下划线：
1) Guided by these principles, he worked for ten years.
2) He returned to Shanghai, disguised as a merchant.
3) “You’re right!” she said, pleased.
4) Mr. Cooper, deeply moved, thanked them again and again.
5) She went home exhausted.
6) Greatly interested, they asked her to sing another song.
7) Compared to her sister, she was indeed very fortunate.
8) Depressed, she went home.
9) Urged on by hunger, he stole a loaf of bread.
10) Delighted with her work, they made her the general manager.
过去分词构成复合结构http://www.sina.com.cn 2007年09月11日 19:10 过去分词构成复合结构
1.过去分词在某些动词后构成复合结构作宾语： 北文图书
We’ll get her X-rayed.我们将让她去透视一下。 I’ve heard him criticized many times.我听见他多次受到批评。 He felt a great weight taken off his mind.他感到心头轻松了许多。 She found the door locked.她发现门锁上了。 Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.(谚语)少说话多观察。 2.这类句子也可变为被动结构： One of the glasses was found broken.有一只玻璃杯发现破了。 They should be kept informed of what’s going on here.应让他们知道这里发生的情况。 The door was found locked.发现门锁上了。 3.在have和get后常会用到这种结构： I’ve had the stove lighted.我已让人把炉子生好。 Please have the note sent to Mr. Patterson.请让人把这封信送给派特森先生。 We must get the paper signed.我们必须请人把这份文件签好。 I’m trying to get the book published.我正设法让人把这书出版。 有时表示遭遇到的情况： He had his pocket picked.他遭到扒手扒窃。 The pilot has his plane hijacked.飞行员遭到劫机。 He has got his wrist broken.他的手腕骨折了。 有时自己也参与这个动作： I can’t get the car started.这车我起动不了啦。 Did you get the picture finished in time?你及时把画画好了吗？ Exercises:
1. 在下面句子中的过去分词下划线： 1) She’s having her eyes tested. 2) I have heard it said that he was a national hero. 3) What made you so frightened? 4) He hated to see any bird killed. 5) We can’t get the machine started. 6) How would you like it (your hair) cut? 7) We want the work finished by June. 8) I’ve just had some photos taken. 9) We had the door painted last week. 10) He intended to have his daughter educated in England. 2. 把下面句子译为汉语： 1) Go and get your hair cut. 2) You will have to get that tooth filled. 3) I ought to get my shoes shined this afternoon. 4) He meant to get this place tidied up. 5) She got her fingers caught in the door. 6) Why don’t you have that suit cleaned? 7) He had his fingers burned last night. 8) She thought of having her hair waved. 9) I had my watch stolen. 10) He wouldn’t have anything said against her.