时态和被动语态
时态
吃 am eating
吃 will eat
吃 was eating
吃 have eaten
吃 eat
完成时态
1. 现在完成时
a.强调发生于过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
I have posted the letter. b.构成:have/has +过去分词(主动语态)---have/has
been +过去分词(被动语态)
c.用法
1)跟以下时间状语连用 so far(到目前为止), up till now(直到现在) up to now/present since(自从)
in/during the past/last +表时间的词
all one’s life
these years/weeks/days
The company (be) ___ in the land market since 1990
and it is now taking the lead in the field. 2013年真题 Has been
注:当现在完成时跟for 引导的一段时间连用时,谓语 He has died for two years. He died 2 years ago.
He for 2 years.
She has joined the army for 3 years.
She joined the army 3 years ago.
years.
2) It/this the first/second…time + This is the third time I (visit) ____ the Summer Palace. have visited
3)It/this is +形容词的最高级+名词+This is the most exciting book I (read) _____. have read
过去完成时
概念:过去的过去
构成:had+过去分词(主动语态)--- had+been过去分词(被动语态)
It (be) ____ the biggest ship before 1949. had been 用法:
1)2)3)4)
I (hope) ___ to help you, but I did not have time at that time. Had hoped
I’d rather you (buy) ___ the book yesterday.
Had bought
※将来完成时
概念:成的动作或存在的状态 构成:will/shall have done(主动语态)-- will/shall have been done(被动语态) 用法:
By the time +句子(暗示一个未来的时间)将来完成时)
By the time I get home this afternoon, my child homework.
2)跟“by the end of+未来的时间状语”连用
He spends all his spare time collecting stamps. He says that by the end of the next year he ____ 3000 pieces. B. is going to collect
C. will be collecting
D. is about to collect
2012年真题
进行时态
现在进行时
概念: 此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态
构成:am/is/are+现在分词(主动语态)-- am/is/are+being+过去
分词(被动语态)
The building (pull down) ____ now. is being pulled down
过去进行时
概念:
行的动作或存在的状态 构成:was/were+现在分词(主动语态)was/were+being+过去分词(被动语态)
注:可用一个时间状语从句暗示出一个表过去的时间 The little boy _____ the road when he was hit by a bus.
A. was just crossed
C. just cross
D. had just crossed 2012年真题
When he knocked at the door, I (watch) ___ TV. Was watching
The stone bridge (repair) ___ at the moment, so we had to take another way. Was being repaired was being repaired 将来进行时
概念:在未来某一时刻正在
进行的动作或存在的状态 构成:will/shall be +现在分词
现在完成进行时
概念:发生于过去的动作到直进行下去
构成:have/has been doing “The baby (cry) ____ non-stop for the past hours,” said Emily when he saw the mother came in. 2010年真题
has been crying
一般现在时
概念:动作发生具有习惯性或经常性,也可表特征、能力或现时的情况或状态 肯定句:谓语动词加s或es 否定句:does not后加动词原形 疑问句:Does +主语+动词原形+…? 肯定句:谓语动词用原形 否定句:do not后加动词原形 疑问句:Do +主语+动词原形+…?
do/does
特殊用法:1)用在普遍真理、事实、
格言中。
Our teacher said yesterday that the
2)在时间和条件状语从句中,如主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表将来。 does not rain
When you ______, I know for certain that you will feel much better.
A. are waking up
B. have been waking up D. have waken 2011年真题
am/is/are+过去分词 一般过去时
概念:发生在过去的动作或存在的状态。
构成:
1)规则动词后加ed/d
2)不规则动词的过去式则需特殊记忆。
did not+动词原形
Did +主语+动词原形+…? 关于动词后加ed/d的读音问题
1) 清辅音后读/t/
stopped; liked
2) 浊辅音或元音后读/d/
lived; played
3) t或
d后读/id/
needed; wanted
was/were+过去分词 一般将来时
概念:发生在未来的动作或存在的状
构成:will/shall +动词原形(主动语态);will/shall be+过去分词(被动) 四种表达方式:参见书上内容 别
过去将来时
概念:在过去看来的未来时刻要发生的事或存在的状态。
构成:1)would+动词原形
2) was/were going to +动原 被动语态:would be +过去分词
被动语态
要点1
各种时态的被动语态的构成(见书
解题秘诀:分析主谓之间的关系→被动→谓语动词发生的时间→确定是哪个时态的被动语态
I’ll be going to the park on foot while my car ______. 2010年真题
A. is repairing
B. is being repaired
C. will be repaired
D. is to repaired
Research _____ all over the world into the possible cause of cancer in the past few years.
A. was made
B. had been made
C. is made
D. has been made 2011年真题
We (impress) _____ by the high quality and fine workmanship of your products
when we visited your factory. were impressed
The cell phone was bought for 1,800 yuan last year. GDP=Gross Domestic Product CPI=Consumer Price Index CEO=Chief Executive Officer 要点2
情态动词的被动语态
1)一般式:情态动词+be+过去分词
2)完成式:情态动词+have been+过去分词
The elephant ought ____ hours ago by the keepers. 2012年真题
A. to be fed B. to feed
C. to being fed D. to have been fed The (discover) ___ of oil made that country become rich overnight. discovery
要点3
复合宾语的被动结构 (改为被动句)
I was made to sweep the floor.
I was made (sweep) the floor.
结论:把含有不带的不定式作宾补的句子改为被动句式,原来省略的to应补出。
要点4
宾语从句的被动结构
I hope 改为被动句) is hoped.
It is hoped
结论:把带有宾从的主动句改为被动句时,需把宾从改为由that或whether引导的主语从句,用it作形式主语,建立一种被动(被动语态作谓语)。
要点5
以下几种情况用主动表被动(参见书上)
As the proverb says, “Good medicine (taste) ___ bitter to the mouth.”俗话
is tasted—tastes