比较级的用法

比较级的用法

一、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则

1．一般单音节词和少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节词，比较级在后面加-er，最高级在后面加-est；

（1）单音节词

如：small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortest

tall→taller→tallest great→greater→greatest

（2）双音节词

如：clever→cleverer→cleverest narrow→narrower→narrowest

2．以不发音e结尾的单音节词，比较在原级后加-r，最高级在原级后加-st； 如：large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest able→abler→ablest

3．在重读闭音节（即：辅音＋元音＋辅音）中，先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加-er，最高级加-est；

如：big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest

4．以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词， 把y改为i，比较级加-er，最高级加-est；

如：easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest

busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest

5．其他双音节词和多音节词，比较级在前面加more，最高级在前面加most； 如：beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful

different→more different→most different

easily→more easily→most easily

注意：（1）形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the，副词最高级前可不用。 例句： The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.

（2） 形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示"非常"。 It is a most important problem.

=It is a very important problem.

6．有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记。 如：good→better→best well→better→best

bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst

old→older/elder→oldest/eldest

many/much→more→most little→less→least

far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest

二、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法

1．“A + be +形容词比较级 + than + B” 意思为“A比B更……”。 如：This tree is taller than that one. 这棵树比那棵树高。 注意：

① 在含有连词than的比较级中，前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴，即同类事物之间的比较。

②在比较级前面使用much，表示程度程度“强得多”。

如：A watermelon is much bigger than an apple.

③ very, quite一般只能修饰原级，不能修饰比较级。

2．“比较级 + and + 比较级”或“more and more +原级”表示“越来越……” 如：It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes.

春天来了，天气变得越来越暖和了。

It is getting cooler and cooler.

天气越来越凉爽。

The wind became more and more heavily.

风变得越来越大。

Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.

我们的学校变得越来越美丽。

3．在含有or的选择疑问句中，如果有两者供选择，前面的形容词要用比较级形式。

如：Who is taller,Tim or Tom? 谁更高，Tim还是Tom?

4. “the +比较级……, the+比较级”，表示“越……越……”。

The more money you make, the more you spend.

钱你赚得越多，花得越多。

The sooner，the better.

越快越好。

5. 表示倍数的比较级用法：

①. A is …times the size /height/length/width of B.

如：The new building is three times the height of the old one. 这座新楼比那座旧楼高三倍。(新楼是旧楼的四倍高)

②. A is …times as big /high/long/wide/large as B.

如：Asia is four times as large as Europe.

亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。(亚洲比欧洲大三倍)

③. A is …times larger /higher/longer/wider than B.

如：Our school is twice bigger than yours.

我们学校比你们学校大两倍。

6.形容词、副词的最高级形式主要用来表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比较，表示“最……”的意思。

句子中有表示范围的词或短语。如：of the three, in our class等等。 如：He is the tallest in our class.

他在我们班里是最高的。

7."否定词语+比较级"，"否定词语+ so… as"结构表示最高级含义。

Nothing is so easy as this.

=Nothing is easier than this.

=This is the easiest thing.

8. 比较级与最高级的转换：

Mike is the most intelligent in his class.

Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class

7.修饰比较级和最高级的词

1）可修饰比较级的词

①.a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等。

②. 还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。

③. 以上词(除by far)外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。

注意： 使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。

(错) Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.

(对) Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.

2)下列词可修饰最高级：by far, far, much, mostly, almost。

This hat is nearly / almost the biggest.

注意：

a. very可修饰最高级，但位置与much不同。

This is the very best.

This is much the best.

b. 序数词通常只修饰最高级。

Africa is the second largest continent.

8.要避免重复使用比较级。

(错) He is more cleverer than his brother.

(对) He is more clever than his brother.

(对) He is cleverer than his brother.

9.要避免将主语含在比较对象中。

(错) China is larger that any country in Asia.

(对) China is larger than any other country in Asia.

10.要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。

The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.

It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.

11.要注意冠词的使用，后有名词的时候，前面才有可能有名词。

比较：Which is larger, Canada or Australia?

Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?

She is taller than her two sisters.

She is the taller of the two sisters.

三.典型例题

1） ---- Are you feeling ____?

---- Yes，I'm fine now.

A. any well B. any better C. quite good

D. quite better

答案：B. any 可修饰比较级，quite修饰原级，well的比较级为better.

2）The experiment was____ easier than we had expected.

A. more B. much more C. much

D. more much

答案：C. much可修饰比较级，因此B，C都说得通，但easier本身已是比较级，不需more，因此C为正确答案。

3）If there were no examinations, we should have ___ at school.

A. the happiest time B. a more happier time

C. much happiest time D. a much happier time

答案：D。

比较等级的特殊句型归纳

(1) less/least +原级：表示降级的比较级或最高级。如：

I am even less lucky. 我甚至更不走运。

This is the least useful of the four books.四本书中这一本最无用处。

(2) the+比较级, the+比较级：表示后者随着前者的变化而变化，意为―越……就越……‖，前者相当于一个条件句，因此，要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如(from www.yygrammar.com)：

The harder you work, the better result you’ll get.你学习越努力，成绩就越好。

(3) the+比较级(+of the two)：表示―两者中较……的那个人或物‖。如：

Tom is the taller of the two brothers.汤姆是两兄弟中个子较高的那个。

(4) 比较级+and+比较级：表示―越来越……‖，单音节形容词或副词用―-er+and +-er”，如warmer and warmer越来越暧和；多音节形容词或副词用“more and more…”如more and more beautiful越来越美。

(5) 比较级+than any other+单数名词：表示最高级意义。如：

Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class.(=Mike is the most intelligent in his class.)

马克比他班上任何一个人都聪明。

(6) 否定词语+比较级：表示最高级含义。如：

Nothing is easier than this.(=This is the easiest thing.)没有比这更简单的了。

(7) 否定词语+ so…as：表示最高级含义。如(from www.yygrammar.com)：

Nothing is so easy as this.没有比这更简单的了。

(8) more+形容词或副词+than…：表示对同一人或物在不同方面进行取舍，意为“与其说„„倒不如„„”，不论形容词或副词的长短，一律用more…than…。如：

He is more hungry than tired.与其说他累了，倒不如说他饿了。

(9) no +比较级+ than：表示对两者的否定，意为―和……一样不……‖，与neither…nor…或“as+相反意义的形容词或副词+as‖相当。如

Tom is no taller than Mike. =Neither Tom nor Mike is tall. =Tom is as short as Mike.

汤姆和迈克都不高(或一样矮)。

比较：“not+比较级前+than‖表示前者不如后者。

Tom is not taller than Mike.汤姆不比迈克高。

比较等级的修饰语小结

一、比较级前可用a bit, a little, rather, some(肯定句及请求或建议的问句中), any(否定句或疑问句中)表示“稍稍，一点”；用much, far, a great/good deal, a lot, lots, a good bit等表示“„„得多”；用still(只用于肯定句), even, yet等表示―更加‖。如：

Can you move a little farther?你可以站稍远一点吗？

Do you feel any better today?你今天觉得好一点了吗？

Let’s go by car. It’s much cheaper. 咱们开车去。这样便宜得多。

There are far more people than we expected. 人比我们预计的多得多。

He is fat，but his brother is still fatter. 他很胖，但他哥哥更胖。

注：在作定语的比较级形容词前一般只用far或much。如：

That was a much/far easier job. 这是件容易得多的工作。

在修饰或代替复数可数名词的more前不可用much，而要用many。如：

I’ve made many more mistakes than you have.我出的错比你多得多。

二、表示确定程度的修饰语，如分数、倍数或有关长度、时间、重量等名词词组通常放在比较级前，也可由by引出而置于比较级之后。如：

China is one-sixth larger than the United States.中国比美国大六分之一。

Their house is about three times bigger than ours.他们的房子大约有我们房子三倍大。 He is three years older than his brother.他比他兄弟大三岁(from www.yygrammar.com)。

三、最高级前可用the second, the very, much the, (by) far the, not quite the, nearly the, almost the等修饰。如：

She is by far the most active member in our group. 她是我们组最最活跃的成员。 Africa is the second largest continent.非洲是第二大洲。

This hat is nearly/almost the biggest. 这帽子差不多是最大的了。

注意：very和much修饰最高级时的不同位置。

This is the very best. =This is much the best.这是最最好(难)的。

4)倍数可以放在as…as的第一个as前作修饰语。如：

Their house is about three times as big as ours. 他们的房子大约有我们房子三倍大。 与比较级相关的习语

(1) no more than =only只有，仅仅，只不过

There are no more than a hundred people in the hall.大厅里只有100人。

(2) not more than=at the most不超过，至多

There are not more than a hundred people in the hall.大厅里至多100人。

(3) no less than多达，不少于

He made no less than￡500. 他赚了多达五百英镑的钱。

He walks no less than five miles to school. 他上学至少要走五英里。

(4) less than不到，不太，极不

I won’t take less than $5000 for my car.我的汽车低于5000美元不卖。

The boys were less than happy about having a party. 开晚会男孩子并不很高兴。 Doctors have been less than successful in treating this condition.医生在治疗这种病时极不成功。

(5) more than多于，超过((=over, 后接数词)；不只是(=not only, 后接名词、动词或副词)；非常，十分(=very, 后接形容词、副词、动词或分词)；难以，完全不能(用于more than…can…)―。

He was more than seventy years of age. 他有七十多岁了。

He more than smiled, but laughed.他不只是微笑而是大笑。

They were more than glad to help.他们非常乐于帮忙。

That is more than I can tell.那我就不知道了(from www.yygrammar.com)。

(6) more or less(=almost, nearly, about)基本上，差不多，大约

The work is more or less finished.工作基本上完成了。

The repairs will cost $30, more or less.修理费大约要30美元。

(7) sooner or later迟早，早晚，总有一天(from www.yygrammar.com)

You should tell her because she’ll find out sooner or later.你还是告诉她吧，因为她早晚会发觉的。

(8) what’s more而且，此外，还有，更有甚者

I missed the bus and had to walk home. What’s more, it was raining and I got all wet.

我赶不上巴士，不得不走回家，而且那时正在下雨，我全身都湿透了。

(9) no sooner…than…一……就……

He had no sooner arrived than he was asked to leave again.他刚到就被支走了。 最高级前不用the的五种情况

(1) 形容词最高级前通常用the，副词最高级前的the可以不用。

(2) 形容词最高级作表语时，有时可以省略the。如：

Which of the boys is (the) strongest?这些孩子中哪个最强壮？

(3) 最高级形容词作表语，副词用状语时，没和别人比较时不用the。如：

He’s busiest on Monday.他星期一最忙。

He works hardest when doing something for his family.他为自己家做事时最卖力。

(4) 最高级前已有名词所有格或物主代词时，不用the。如：

He is my best friend.他是我最好的朋友。

Hainan is China’s second largest island. 海南是中国第二大岛。

(5) 有时most是表示“非常”，而不是最高级，不用the。如：

He is a most amazing person. 他是一个非常了不起的人。

使用than的常见语法难点

一、后接人称代词用主格还是宾格

由于than既可用作连词也可用作介词，所以当后接人称代词时，可用主格也可用宾格。通常认为在正式文体中多用主格，在口语或非正式文体中多用宾语。如：

Everyone here is taller than I [me]. 这儿的每一个人都比我高。

Her sister swims faster than she [her]. 她姐姐游泳比她快。

但是，若人称代词之后跟有动词，则只能用主格。如：

Everyone here is taller than I am. 这儿的每一个人都比我高。

Her sister swims faster than she does. 她姐姐游泳比她快。

注意：有时用主格或宾格会导致意思的变化。比较：

I love you more than he (likes you). 我比他更爱你。

I love you more than (he likes) him. 我爱你胜过爱他。

二、后接动词用不定式还是动名词

1. 当连接两个非谓语动词时，通常应使用一样的形式。如：

It is much easier to get into debt than to get out of it. 借债容易还债难。

He likes playing chess more than watching TV. 与看电视相比，他更喜欢下棋。 比较：He thinks it is safer to drive himself than (to) let me drive.

=He thinks that driving himself is safer than letting me drive. 他认为他自己开车比让我开车要更安全些。

2. 若不是连接两个非谓语动词，则其后出现的动词通常用动名词形式(虽然也可用不定式，但不如用动名词普通)。如：There are worse calamities than failing your driving test.

比起你驾驶考试不合格来说，更大的灾难还多着呢。

Nothing gives me more pleasure than listening to Mozart. 再没有比听莫扎特的乐曲更让我高兴的事了。

Nothing is more unpleasant than finding [to find] insects in your bath. 最使人不快的是在浴室里发现有虫子。

三、引导比较状语从句的时态问题

若than引导的比较状语从句与主句动作不一致，可以根据情况使用适当的时态形式。如：

He drives faster than he did a year ago. 他开车比一年以前快了。

The house is rather bigger than we thought. 这所房子比我们想的大得多。

若主句为将来时，than引导的从句可用现在时态表示将来，也可直接使用将来时态。如： We’ll probably drive faster than you do [will]. 我们开车可能会比你们快。

四、引导比较状语从句的倒装问题

than引导比较状语从句时，从句语序通常不需倒装，但在正式文体中，有时也可倒装。如：

City dweller have a higher death rate than country people do.

=City dweller have a higher death rate than do country people. 城市居民死亡率比农村居民高。

五、引导比较状语从句且在从句中充当成分

有时可引导一个从句并在从句中充当句子成分(主语、宾语、表语)，为便于理解有时可视为than后省略了what：

We don’t want to do more than is necessary. 我们不想做不必要的事情。

The pain was almost more than he could bear. 这样的痛苦几乎使他受不了。

She’s not a very good manager she always spends more money than she earns. 她不大会理财——总是入不敷出。

Life here is much easier than it used to be. 如今在此地生活比起从前可舒服多了。 比较下面一句，than后的expected为省略结构：

He returned three days earlier than (he was) expected. 他回来得比预料的要早三天。

六、后接时间或条件状语从句

若语义需要，有时其后可接when引导的时间状语从句以及if 引导的条件状语从句。如： You are a little fatter than when I saw you last. 你比我上次见你时胖点了。

Joe carries only nine pounds more than when he was twenty. 乔比他20岁时只重了九磅。

They work better together than if they are alone. 他们一起干比他们单干效果要好

七、同质比较还是异质比较

than 通常用于两个不同的人或物在同一方面进行比较，但有时指的可能是同一个人或物在两个不同的方面进行比较，此时只用于more…than…结构，而不能用 –er…than…的形式(即使是单音节也是如此)，这类结构通常可译为―与其……不如……‖―有……无……‖。如：

He’s more fat than short. 与其说他矮不如说他胖。

They are more brave than wise. 他们有勇无谋。

If we tell him about it, it may do more harm than good. 倘若我们把情况告诉他，那可能弊多利少。

八、与never (a) 连用时如何理解

有时than与带有never (a) 的比较级结构连用，表示强调，通常表示最高级的含义。如： I’ve never had a worse morning than today. 我哪一天早上也不像今天早上这样倒霉。

若意思明确，有时可省略than结构。如：

He is fine, never better. 他很好，比以往任何时候都好。

I’ve never seen a finer bird. 我从未见过比这更美的鸟。

I’ve never found a better job. 这是我找到的最好的工作。

九、than any other后接名词用单数还是复数

than any other后接名词时通常用单数形式，很少用复数。如：

He swims faster than any other student in his class. 他比班上的其他任何学生都游得快。

More heat is lost through the head than any other part of the body.

从头部散发的热量比身体的其他任何部位都多。

十、几组容易理解出错的than习语

1.“no +比较级+than”与“not +比较级+than”

(1) ―no +比较级+than‖用于否定两者，表示―与……一样不‖，其义大致相当于其中形容词或副词的反义词用于as…as…结构。如：

He is no richer than a beggar.=He is as poor as a beggar. 他穷如乞丐。

This one is no better than that one.=This one is as bad as that one. 这个与那个一样不好。

(2) ―not +比较级+than‖的意思是―不比……更‖―不如‖。如：

He is not richer than you. 他不如你富有。

This one is not better than that one. 这个不如那个好。

2. no less than, no less...than 与 not less than

(1) no less than 有两个意思：一是表示―多达‖―有……之多‖，强调数量之多；二是表示―简直‖―与……没有差别‖。如：We walked no less than three miles. 我们走了三英里之远。

We won no less than ￡500 in a competition. 我们在一次比赛中就赢了500英镑。 It is no less than robbery to ask for so much. 要这么多，简直跟抢劫没什么两样。

(2) no less...than 意为―与……一样‖―不比……差‖，强调两者具有同等性。如： He is no less wise than you. 他跟你一样聪明(他并不比你笨)。

A dolphin is no less a clever animal than a dog is. 海豚与狗同样都是聪明的动物。

(3) not less than 意为―不下于‖―至少‖。比较：

He has no less than seven daughters. 他有七个女儿之多。

He has not less than seven daughters. 他至少有七个女儿。

3. no more than, no more…than与not more than

(1) no more than表示―仅仅‖―只有‖―只不过‖，强调程度低或数量少。如：

He is no more than an ordinary English teacher. 他只不过是个普通的英文老师。 He has no more than three shirts. 他只有3件衬衫。

(2) not more than 表示―至多‖，与at most同义。如：

He has not more than three shirts. 他最多只有3件衬衫(含有或许还不到3件之意)。

(3) no more...than 表示对两者都否定, 意为―既不……也不‖―同……一样不‖。如： He is no more a writer than a painter. 他既不是画家，也不是作家。

A whale is no more a fish than a horse is. 如同马不是鱼一样，鲸也不是鱼。

有关比较等级重要考点

一、考查比较等级的基本用法

1. Of the two sisters, Betty is _________ one, and she is also the one who loves to be quiet. (安徽卷)

A. a younger B. a youngest C. the younger D. the youngest

【解析】答案选C。根据句中的of the two sisters可知，此题涉及的是两者比较，故用比较级；另外，由于是特指两者中的一个，故其前用定冠词，不用不定冠词。

2. Of the two coats, I’d choose the _________ one to spare some money for a book. (四川卷)

A. cheapest B. cheaper C. more expensive D. most expensive

【解析】答案选B。因是两者比较，故用比较级，可将答案锁定在B和C之间；再根据句意，排除C。

3. Speaking of all the songs he has written, I think this is probably his _________ one. (全国卷II)

A. better-known B. well-known C. best-known D. most-known

【解析】答案选C。因为是从他所写的所有歌中选出一首来比较，故用最高级。

二、在语境中考查比较等级的用法

1. I don’t think this film is by far the most boring. I have seen _________. (江西卷)

A. better B. worse C. the best D. the worst

【解析】答案选B。既然前文说“这不是最最烦人的电影”，那么下文说的肯定就“还有更糟的”，故用worse。有意思的是，2006年的这道江西卷的考题与下面这道2004年的湖南卷极为相似：

That doesn’t sound very frightening. Paul, I’ve seen _________. What did you like most about the film?

A. better

D. worst

由前句“这听起来并不十分令人恐惧”可知，说话人曾见过比这个更令人恐惧的事，所以用比较级worse。

2. The new group of students is better-behaved than the other group who stayed here _________.

A. early B. earlierC. earliest D. the earliest B. worse C. best

【解析】答案选B。做此题的关键词是new，即把―新来的学生‖与―早些时候呆在这儿的学生‖进行比较。全句意为：新来的这群学生比早些时候呆在这儿的那些学生表现得更好些。

3. There is an old proverb, ―Love me, love my dog. ‖ But there is _________ wisdom in this: ―Love me, love my book.‖ A. some B. much C. more D. most

【解析】答案选C。由于是将―Love me, love my dog‖与―Love me, love my book‖进行比较，故用比较级。此题的巧妙之处在于句中没有出现than，而是给出两个待比较的proverb。

4. With April 18’s railway speedup, highway and air transport will have to compete with _________ service for passengers. A. good B. better C. best D. the best

【解析】答案选B。句子大意为：由于铁路提速了，所以公路和航空业要提高服务质量来竞争客源。因将―公路和航空‖与―铁路‖比较，故用比较级。

三、考查“否定词+a+比较级”结构

1. Your story is perfect. I’ve never heard _________ before. (全国卷III)

A. the better one B. the best one C. a better one D. a good one

【解析】答案选C。“否定词（尤其是never）+a+比较级”的意思是“从来没有„„一个更„„的”，这类结构通常可视为在其后省略了一个than…短语，做题时要注意根据具体的语境作出正确的理解，如：I have never read a better article. 我从未读过（比这篇文章）更好的文章（=这是我所读过的最好的文章）。I have never seen a worse film. 我从没看过（比这部电影）更糟的电影（=这是我所看过的最糟的电影）。本题中的I’ve never heard a better one before的意思是―我从未听到过（比你这个事故）更好听的事故‖。

2. —Did you enjoy yourself at the party?

—Yes. I’ve never been to _________ one before.

A. a more excited B. the most excited

ting

【解析】答案选C。I’ve never been to a more exciting one before实为I’ve never been to a more exciting one before than this one. 其意为“我从未参加过比这个晚会更令人兴奋的晚会”，即“这是我参加过最令人兴奋的晚会”。又如：I’ve never had a worse morning than today. 我哪一天早上也不像今天早上这样倒霉。若意思明确，有时可省略than结构：He is fine, never better. 他很好，比以往任何时候都好。

注意：有时根据不同语法结构的需要，也可能没有不定冠词。如：

No news could be more delightful to me. 这消息最令我高兴。

I have never drunk better beer. 我从来没喝过这么好的啤酒。

四、考查比较等级的修饰语

After two years’ research, we now have a _________ better understanding of the disease. (全国卷II)

A. very B. far C. fairly D. quite C. a more exciting D. the most exci

【解析】答案选B。这四个副词中，通常只有far可用于修饰比较级。注：quite有时也可用于修饰比较级better，但它只用于表示―身体康复‖，不用于其他意义。

五、考查相似比较级结构的区别

—Do you need any help, Lucy? —Yes. The job is _________ I could do myself.

A. less than B. more than C. no more than D. not more than

【解析】答案选B。比较：less than意为“少于”；more than意为“多于，超过”；no more than意为“只有，只是”；not more than意为“不多于，至多”。做好此题的关键是注意句中的Yes，由于答话者对问话者的“你需要帮助吗？”作了肯定回答，说明答话者独自完成工作有困难，故填more than。

六、考查近义比较的区别

This washing machine is environmentally friendly because it uses _____ water and electricity than ___ models.

A. less; older B. less; elder C. fewer; older D. fewer; elder

【解析】答案选A。less为little的比较级，主要用于修饰不可数名词，fewer为few的比较，主要用于修饰可数名词，据此可排除C和D，因为fewer不能用于修饰water；older

与elder的区别之一是前者既可用于修饰人，也可用于修饰事物，而后者只用于修饰人，不用于修饰事物，故只能选A。

七、考查as…as结构的用法及修饰语的位置

1. It is reported that the United States uses _________ energy as the whole of Europe. (广西卷)

A. as twice B. twice much C. twice much as D. twice as much

【解析】答案选D。由energy后的as可知，此题是考查as…as…结构。根据英语语法习惯，修饰as…as…结构的副词只能置于as…as…结构之前，不能置于其中。又如：She went out with a man twice as old as her. 她和一个年龄比她大一倍的男子来往。It cost three times as much as I had expected. 它花的钱比我预期的多两倍。

2. He speaks English indeed, but of course not _________a native speaker.

A. as fluent as

than

【解析】答案选C。因为修饰动词speaks要用副词，排除A和B；又因为than只能用于比较级后而不能位于原级后，排除D。句意是：他的英语讲得的确不错，不过，当然不如英语本族人讲得流利。

B. more fluent than C. so fluently as D. much fluently