材料科学与工程专业英语(第二版)复习重点

Naked eye肉眼 solid solution 固溶体

Integrated circuit 集成电路 the purification of raw materials 原材料提纯

机械强度 long-chain alkane molecules 长链烷烃分子

nonlocalized electrons游离电子 spark plug insulator 火花塞绝缘体

Stiffnesses 硬度 monomer identity单体身份

smart materials 智能材料 chain length链长度

transition-elements 过度金属 persistence length余辉长度

elementary-chemistry 元素化学 the surface to volume ratio 比表面积

positively-charged-protons 正电荷质子 the Burgers vector 伯格斯矢量

specific gravity 比重 pinning point 钉扎点

The acceleration of gravity 重力加速度 增强的混凝土

magnetic permeability 磁导率 金属基复合材料

computed tomography scan电子断层扫描 密切接触

Gross national happiness国民幸福指数 惰性材料

The average population growth rate of the word世界人口平均增长率 个体应用

Conduction bands 导带 陶瓷基复合材料

overlap of orbital energies 轨道能量重置

The more familiar an engineer or scientist is with the various characteristics and structure-property relationship，as well as processing techniques of material，the more proficient and confident he or she will be to make judicious materials choices based on these criteria.

工程师或科学家对材料的特征、组织性能以及生产工艺越熟悉, 他们就越自信和精通的在这些标准中做出明智的材料选择

Piezoelectric ceramics expand and contract in response to an applied electric field (or voltage); conversely, they also generate an electric field when their dimensions are altered. 压电陶瓷的伸张和收缩时对外电场的一个反应，相反的，当其尺寸发生改变时，也能产生电场

The atomic structure primarily affects the chemical, physical, thermal, electrical, magnetic,and optical properties .The microstructure can also affect these properties but they generally have a larger effect on mechanical properties and on the rate of chemical reaction .

原子的结构主要影响化学，物理，热，电磁，光学性质，微观和宏观结构也能影响特性，但是他们通常影响力学性质和化学反应速率比较多。

An object will float in water if its density is less than the density of water and sink if its density is greater than that of water. Similarly ,an object with specific gravity less than one will float and those with a specific gravity greater than one will sink.

假如一个物体的密度低于水，物体能够漂浮在水上；若大于水密度，物体沉在水里。相类似地，比重较低的能够漂浮，比重较大则沉下去。

Population is growing at much higher rates in the less developed countries in comparison to the average population growth rate of the word ，which is 1.4%

欠发达国家的人口增加速度高于世界平均水平1.4%。

Crystals with covalent bond can only be deformed by breaking between atoms,thereby resulting in fragmentation of the crystal.

只有当原子间成键断裂时共价键晶体才能发生形变。但和必然导致晶体结构的破坏

While traditional clay-based ceramics have been used for over 25000 years, advanced ceramics have generally been developed within the last 100 years.

虽然已超过25000年的使用传统的粘土基陶瓷，先进陶瓷已普遍被发达国家在过去100年。

While ``polymer`` in popular usage suggests ``plastic``, the term actually refers to a large class of natural and synthetic materials with a variety of properties and purposes.

聚合物的俗名叫塑料，这个词指的是一大类具有许多性质和用途的天然材料和合成材料

Irrespective of the nature of these nano-materials and their fabrication process , they all owe their interesting , sometime exciting properties to a very simple principle : If the dimension of materials/structure approach the nanoscale, tremendous changes of the physical, but also of the chemical properties take place.

不考虑这些纳米材料的性质和他们的制造过程, 它们有趣的, 有时令人兴奋的属性都归功于一个非常简单的原则:如果材料或者结构的维度接近纳米尺度时,, 物理和化学性质都会发生巨大的变化。

从矿物中提炼金属所需能源的问题与后续的腐蚀和能量释放直接相关

许多情况系下，复合材料有一个体相：它是连续的，被称为基体，还包括一个分散的、不连续相，被称为增强体。

器官移植可以恢复某些功能，这些功能是人造材料所不具备的，或者是天然器官所具备的更好的功能。

交叉科学interdiscipline 电子转移 electron transfer

介电常数dielectric constant 正极反应 anode reaction

弹性系数（模数）elasticity modulus 玻璃转变温度glass transition temperature

粘土矿物clay mineral 离子共价键Ionic-covalent bond

移植implant 应力分布stress distribution

玻璃纤维glass fiber 余辉长度persistence length

宏观结构macrostructure 交叉结合cross-link/bonding

电荷平衡election-balance 聚合反应Polymerization

带正电子的原子核positively charged nucleus 交叉学科interdiscipline

玻璃转变温度glass transition temperature 临界长度critical length

线性热膨胀系数linear coefficient of thermal expansion 脆性破坏brittle failure

host/matrix materials 单位体积质量the mass per unit of volume

Strengthening mechanism 卫生保健sanitation traditional materials 国民生产总值gross national product Biocompatibility 社会问题Social problems Hearing aids 离域电子delocalized electrons transplantation of organs 碱土金属alkali-eaeth metals 化学电池chemical cell

电路 circuit

材料加工过程不但决定了材料的结构，同时决定了材料的特征和性能。

Materials processing process determines not only their structure but also their characteristic and performance.

金属元素有许多游离电子，金属材料的许多性质可直接归功于这些电子。

Metallic materials have large numbers of nonlocalized electrons, many properties of materials are directly attributable to these electrons.

从我们呼吸的空气到各种各样性质迥异的金属，成千上万种物质均是由100多种原子组成的

These same 100 atoms form thousands of different substance ranging form the air we breathe to the metal of various properties.

相变是一种物理性质，并且物质存在四种相：固相、液相、气相和等离子体。

Phase is a physical property and matter can exist in four phases: soild, liquid, gas and plasma.

然而，随着时间的变化，人类的革命与创造力，工程师满足社会需求的能力很建立工程企业的精神是永恒不变的

However ，some things that have been constant over time are human innovation and creativity，engineer ’s ability to address social needs，and the entrepreneurial spirit of engineering

合金是指两种或两种以上的元素形成的固溶体混合物

An alloy is a mixture of two or more elements in solid solution in which the major component is a metal

作为陶瓷的金刚石是所知的材料中具有最高导热性的材料。

diamond is known as a ceramic materials with the highest thermal conductivity of materials.

聚合物的分子质量可以用聚合程度来表示，本质上就是组成聚合物单体的数目。

In polymers, the molecular mass may be expressed in terms of degree of polymerization, essentially the number of monomer units which comprise the polymer

复合材料既保留了各组分原有的性能，由具有每种组分单独存在时所不具备的性能。

A composite retains its own distinctive properties that cannot be achieved by any of the components acting alone.

当材料的尺寸进入纳米量级时，材料就具有其原先材料所不具有的三大效应。

When the size of the materials are in the nanometer range/if the dimensions of materials approach the nanoscale, materials have three big effects which its original materials do not have

If the surface becomes wet, corrosion may take place through ionic exchange in the surface water layer between the anode and cathode.

The scaffold materials are important since they must be compatible with the cells and guide their growth.