四级新题型翻译

一、刺绣(embroidery)是一种具有优秀传统的民间艺术，在中国艺术和手工艺品史上占有重要地位。刺绣的长期发展离不开蚕的思想和纺丝技术的发展。中国是世界上第一个发现和使用丝绸的国家。早在5000年前，中国就已经开始饲养蚕。丝线和丝织品的生产促进了刺绣艺术的诞生。时至今日，丝绣几乎已经传遍整个中国。最好的绣品通常被认为来源于下面四省：江苏（尤其是苏州）、湖南、四川和广东，各省绣品各具特色。

Embroidery, a folk art with a long tradition, occupies an important position in the history of Chinese arts and crafts. It is, in its long development, inseparable from silkworm-raising and silk-reeling and weaving. China is the first country in the world that discovered the use of silk. Silkworms were domesticated as early as 5000 years ago. The production of silk thread and fabrics gave rise to the art of embroidery. Today, silk embroidery is practised nearly all over China. It is generally agreed that the best commercial products come from four provinces: Jiangsu (notably Suzhou), Hunan, Sichuan and Guangdong, each with its ditinctive features.

二、香港坐落在中国南端的一个弹丸小岛上。在日趋全球化的经济中，香港正扮演着一个非常重要的角色。由于香港的战略位置，面向国际的商业氛围，和优越的通讯条件，使她成为世界贸易的活动中心和亚太地区的神经枢纽。香港已和世界上170个国家和地区的公司有商业往来，与亚洲其他国家和地区的贸易大幅度增长。香港的集装箱港口是世界上最繁忙的，而且还在进一步扩建。虽然香港开始成为世界金融中心还是最近二十年的事，但现在海外贷款已占到香港银行提供的总贷款的一半以上。

HongKong, a tiny island perched on the tip of Southern China, plays a prvotal role in an increasingly globalized economy. Given its strategic location, internationally oriented business culture and excellent communications, it has become a crossroad of world trade and the nerve center of the Asia-Pacific region. Commercial links reach out to corporations in over 170 countries and regions. Its trade with the rest of Asia has increased substantially. Its container port is now the busiest, and is undergoing further expansion. Although Hong Kong ’s emergence as a world financial center came in recent 20 years, offshore loans account for more than half of the total oan provided by it banks.

三、丝绸之路的历史可以追溯到公元前2世纪，但是一名中国官员、朝廷的使者张骞沿着这条连接欧亚两大洲的贸易通道出使西域。丝绸之路沿途的大批历史文物、引人入胜的自然风景以及富有情趣的地方文化，使这一长途远游成了世界上最精彩的旅游节项目之一。在丝绸之路的中国段，沿线散居着许多少数民族，他们对来自世界各地的游客都以礼相待，热情好客。这里的食物和工艺品不同于中国中部的食物和工艺品。这里民间传说，如同天方夜谭一般神奇，听来别有一番情趣。

The Silk Road dates back to the second century B.C. when a Chinese official and envoy of the royal court Zhang Qian embarked on his business trip to Xiyu. A wealth of historical relics, fascinating scenery and interesting local cultures along the Silk Road makes this long trip one of the world ’s most exciting tourist attractions. Many Chinese ethnic minorities scatter along the Chinese portion of the road, all courteous and hospitable to vistors from the rest of the world. The food and crafts in the region are different from those in central China. And the floklore is simply exotic and colorful.

四、筷子是中国餐桌上最有特色的用餐工具。几千年来我们中国人一直视筷子为一种可以将饭从碗中逐口送入口中的最简单同时也是最有效的工具。早在周朝时期筷子便被人们用来夹取荤、蔬菜，而米饭则用手来取而食之。全国各地的筷子大小基本一样，而用材的种类则各有不同，选材包括竹子、木材、漆器、玉石、象牙、塑料、铝、银、金等。特长的筷子通常为厨房用筷。过去人们用嵌有银器的木筷来测试是否有人在餐中下毒，因为银器碰到一些有

毒物品会起变色反应。

Chopsticks, or kuaizi, are the most distinctive eating tool at the Chinese dining table. For thousands of years we Chinese have always regarded chopsticks the simplest possible and the most efficient tool for transporting bite-sized morsels of food from a bowl to the mouth. As early as in the zhou Dynasty, chopsticks were used for picking up meat and vegetable, while hands were used for rice. Chopsticks, which are roughly uniform in size throughout China, can be made of a variety of materials, including bamboo, wood, lacquer, jade, ivory, plastic, aluminum, silfer and gold. Special long bamboo chopsticks are generally used in the kitchen. In the past, wooden chopsticks inlaid with silver thread were used to test whether poison was put in a meal, since silver reacts to a number of poisonous substances by chaging its color.

五、为了把女人吃惊时的样子演活，梅兰芳曾花费了不少心思，但总是找不到感觉。一天，他从剧场回到家里，见妻子正聚精会神地整理衣服，他忽然灵机一动，抄起身旁的一个兰花瓷盆，使劲摔在地上。“哐”的一声，瓷盆粉碎。妻子大吃一惊，惊慌地转过身来。就在这一瞬间，梅兰芳及时地捕捉住了妻子的表情和动作，并牢牢地记在了心里，经过反复练习，然后运用到戏里，终于把女人吃惊的样于演得活灵活现。

参考译文：Mei Lanfang took great pains to act an astonished woman in a lifelike way, but he could never find the right feel. One day, when he came home from the theater, he saw his wife absorbed in tidying up clothes. He hit upon a bright idea, and, seizing a porcelain pot with designs of orchid he smashed it onto the floor. With a crash the pot broke into pieces. Astonished, his wife turned around in panic. In this instant, Mei Lanfang captured her expression and actions and kept them firmly in his mind. After repeated practice, he employed them in his acting, and at last succeeded in vivid acting of an astonished woman.

六、我觉得我的孩子累我，使我受到极大的束缚。我没有对他们的永久的计划，甚至连最短促的也没有。

“倘使有人要，我愿意把他们送给人家! ”我常常这样说，当我厌烦孩子的时候。

唉，和前一辈做父亲的一比，我觉得我们这一辈生命力薄弱得可怜，我们二三十岁的人比不上六七十岁的前辈，他们虽然老的老死的死了，但是他们才是真正活着到现在到将来。 而我们呢，虽然活着，却是早已死了。

参考译文：I think of my children as an encumbrance to me. I haven't worked out a long-term plan for them, nay, not even a short-term one.

"I'd like to give away my kids to anyone who's willing to take them!" That's what I say whenever I am fed up with them.

Alas, compared with father and people of his time, the present generation, I think, have regrettably low vitality. We in our twenties or thirties prove inferior to our elders in their sixties or seventies. Today they may be advanced in years or even no more, but they will, nevertheless, live forever and ever.

As for us, though still alive, we have long been dead.

七、与舞蹈和音乐相伴的歌谣跟口头流传的神话，远在文字出现之前就已大量产生。中国的文学正是发端于此。不过歌谣本是人们在生活中随兴而发的东西，上古时代也没有保存和记载它们的手段，因之也就很快湮灭，不留痕迹。我们只能从一些古籍书中推断它们的存在。古书中记载了一些据称年代非常久远的歌谣，但是大多出于后人的伪托，能够断定朝代的歌谣要到《诗经》里才能看见。从这点来看，古代神话对中国文学的影响更为显著。

Long before the emergence of the written word, ballads, accompanied by music and dance,and

myths, passed around by word of mouth, were widely popular. Chinese literature finds its origins in these traditions. However, ballads were what people improvised out of daily life, and due to lack of means to record and preserve them in ancient times, they quickly disappeared without leaving much of a trace. Today, we can only deduce their existence from ancient books, which recorded some time-honored ballads, though most of these are belived to be derivatives of later generations. Ballads in the Book of Songs are the earliest writings that can be dated. From this point of view, ancient mythology obviously has had a great influence on Chinese literature.

八、可是我却哭了。哭那陌生的、但却疼爱我的卖灶糖(candy)的老汉。

后来我常想，他为什么疼爱我呢？无非我是个贪吃的、因为丑陋而又少人疼爱的吧。

等我长大以后，总感到除了母亲，再没有谁能够像他那样朴素地疼爱过我——没有任何希求，也没有任何企望的。

我常常想念他，也常常想要找到我那个像猪肚子一样的烟荷包。可是，它早已不知被我丢到哪里去了。

But I cried for the strange old candy peddler who had been so fond of me.

Later on, I wondered why. For no other reason than that I was a foolish little thing who loved candy, with few to love me because of my plain face.

When I glow up, I could never forget that apart from my own mother, no one had loved me so fondly and so disinterestedly, with no expectations whatever.

I often think of him now, and have tried to find that tobacco pouch that had looked like a piece of pork liver. But I don’t know what became of it.

九、多少年来，我养成了一个习惯：每天早晨四点在黎明以前起床工作。我不出去跑步或散步，而是一下床就干活儿。因此我对黎明前的北京的了解是在屋子里感觉到的。我从前在什么报上读过一篇文章，讲黎明时分天安门广场上的清洁工人。那情景必然是非常动人的，可惜我从未能见到，只是心向往之而已。

For many years, I have been in the habit of getting up before daybreak to start work at four. Instead of going out for a jog or walk, I’ll set about my work as soon as I’m out of bed. As a result, it is from inside my study that I've got the feel of predawn Beijing. Years ago, I hit upon a newspaper article about street cleaners in Tian’anmen Square at daybreak. It must have been a very moving scene, but what a pity I haven’t seen it with my own eyes. I can only picture it in my mind longingly.

十、徐霞客一生周游考察了十六个省，足迹几乎遍及全国。他在考察的过程中，从来不盲目迷信书本上的结论。他发现前人研究的地理的记载有许多不很可靠的地方。为了进行真实细致的考察，他很少乘车坐船，几乎全靠双脚翻山越岭，长途跋涉；为了弄清大自然的真相，他总是挑选道路艰险的山区，人迹稀少的森林进行考察，发现了许多奇山秀景；他常常选择不同的时间和季节，多次重游各地名山，反复观察变换的奇景。

Xu Xiake toured and investigated 16 provinces in his lifetime, covering almost the whole country. Instead he found a lot of unreliable points in the geographic records taken by his predecessors. In order to make his investigations reliable and thorough, he seldom traveled by carriage or boat. Instead, he took long, arduous trips on foot almost all the time, climbing mountains and hills. In order to learn about the truth of nature, he always chose to conduct investigations in mountainous areas with dangerous roads and in untraveled woods, where he discovered a lot of magnificent peaks and beautiful sights. He observed the changing mirculous views time and again at different times and in different seasons

十一、老帽山位于普兰店市北部、全国战斗英雄于庆阳的家乡--同益乡，其主峰海拔848米。该山因峰秀、石峭、林密、松奇、花异而远近闻名，素有辽南“小黄山”之美誉。

老帽山雄伟壮观、景色宜人。山中怪石千姿百态，惟妙惟肖；清泉四季长流，瀑布溅石有声；动植物资源极其丰富；各种花卉竞相开放，各种野果随处可见，野生动物时隐时现；一些珍贵中草药材应有尽有，人称辽南“百草园”。

老帽山四季有景，生机无限。“觅英雄足迹，赏帽山风光”，热情好客的同益人民真诚欢迎海内外朋友来老帽山旅游观光。

In the Town of Tongyi in northern Pulandian, the home town of Yu Qingyang, a national combat hero, stands the Old Hat Mountain, whose main peak is 848 meters above sea level. Known far and wide for its magnificent peaks, precipitous cliffs, thick woods, grotesque pines and exotic flowers, it ever enjoys the reputation of the Small Huangshan Mountain in southern Liaoning. The Old Hat Mountain is both majestic and spectacular, offering enchanting views. Its unique rocks of all shapes and postures can find their resemblance in life. Crystal clear spring keeps running all year round, with cascades splashing down onto rocks (, creating roars). It abounds in animal and plant resources. Blooming flowers of all sorts contend for beauty and wild fruits are grown everywhere. Occasionally one can see wild animals here. One can also find some kinds of valuable /precious /rare Chinese herbal medicines in plenty. Hence it is also known as the Hundred Grasses Garden of southern Liaoning. The Old Hat Mountain presents sceneries in all seasons/all year round, with endless vitality/with infinite livelihood. The Old Hat Mountain presents sceneries in all seasons/all year round, with endless vitality/with infinite livelihood. “Let’s follow the footsteps of the hero and enjoy/admire the beautiful scenery of the Old Hat Mountain”. The hospitable people of Tongyi sincerely welcome friends from home and abroad to the Old Hat Mountain.

十二、正是因为不停地追求进取，我们才感到生活幸福。一件事完成后，另一件随之而来，如此连绵不绝，永无止境。对于往前看的人来说，眼前总有一番新天地。虽然我们蜗居于这颗小行星上，整日忙于锁事且生命短暂，但我们生来就有不尽的希望，如天上繁星，遥不可及。只要生命犹在，希望便会不止。真正的幸福在于怎样开始，而不是如何结束，在于我们的希翼，而并非拥有。

We live in an ascending scale when we live happily, one thing leading to another in an endless series. There is always a new horizon for onward-looking men, and although we dwell on a small planet, immersed in petty business and not enduring beyond a brief period of years, we are so constituted that our hopes are inaccessible, like stars, and the term of hoping is prolonged until the term of life. To be truly happy is a question of how we begin and not of how we end, of what we want and not of what we have.

十三、剪纸(paper cutting)是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。中国剪纸 有一千五百多年的历史, 在明朝和清朝时期(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)特别 流行。人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。特别是在春节和婚庆期间, 剪纸被用来装饰 门窗和房间, 以增加喜庆的气氛。剪纸最常用的颜色是红色, 象征健康和兴旺。 中国剪纸在世界各地很受欢迎, 经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。

Paper cutting is one of China’s most popular

traditional folk arts with a history of more than 1,500 years and was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings and during the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations, in particular, they are used to decorate doors, windows and rooms in order to enhance the joyous atmosphere. The color most frequently used in paper cutting is red, which symbolizes health and prosperity. Chinese paper cutting is very popular

around the world and it is often given as a present to foreign friends.

十四、来美国求学的中国学生与其他亚裔学生一样，大多非常刻苦勤奋，周末也往往会抽出一天甚至两天的时间去实验室加班，因而比起美国学生来，成果出得较多。我的导师是亚裔人，嗜烟好酒，脾气暴躁。但他十分欣赏亚裔学生勤奋与扎实的基础知识，也特别了解亚裔学生的心理

Like students from other Asian countries and regions, most Chinese students who come to pursue their further education in the United States work on their studies most diligently and assiduously. Even on weekends, they would frequently spend one day, or even two days, to work overtime in their laboratories. Therefore, compared with their American counterparts, they are more academically fruitful. My supervisor is of Asian origin. He is addicted to alcohols and cigarettes, with a sharp/irritable temper. Nevertheless, he highly appreciates the industry and the solid foundational knowledge of Asian students and has a particularly keen insight into what Asian students have on their mind.

十五、这次到台湾访问交流，虽然行程匆匆，但是，看了不少地方，访了旧友，交了新知，大家走到一起，谈论的一个重要话题就是中华民族在21世纪的强盛。虽然祖国大陆、台湾的青年生活在不同的社会环境中，有着各自不同的生活经历，但大家的内心都深深铭刻着中华文化优秀传统的印记，都拥有着振兴中华民族的共同理想。

The current visit to Taiwan for exchange, brief and cursory as it is, has enabled us to see many places, to visit old friends while making new acquaintances. Whenever people gather together, an important topic of discussion has been how the Chinese nation can become prosperous and powerful in the 21st century. Although the young people on the Mainland and in Taiwan live in different social contexts (environments / milieus), with their individually different experiences of life, in the innermost recesses of their hearts are wrought an indelible mark by the fine traditions of the Chinese culture. They all cherish the same ideal to rejuvenate the Chinese nation (They share the same ideal to rejuvenate the Chinese nation).

十六、世界上第一代博物馆属于自然博物馆，它是通过化石、标本等向人们介绍地球和各种生物的演化历史。第二代属于工业技术博物馆，它所展示的是工业文明带来的各种阶段性结果。这两代博物馆虽然起到了传播科学知识的作用，但是，它们把参观者当成了被动的旁观者。

The first generation of museums are what might be called natural museums which, by means of fossils, specimens and other objects, introduced to people the evolutionary history of the Earth and various kinds of organisms. The second generation are those of industrial technologies which presented the fruits achieved by industrial civilization at different stages of industrialization. Despite the fact that those two generations of museums helped to disseminate / propagate / spread scientific knowledge, they nevertheless treated visitors merely as passive viewers.

十七、长沙是一个有3000多年历史的美丽古城。城市的西边是秀美的岳麓山，山下有千年书院“岳麓书院”等众多古迹。市区中心的古城楼天心阁，距今有1000多年的历史。千百年来水质清纯，终年不断的白沙古井也坐落在长沙城中。今天的长沙市民还常常在这里打水饮用。湘江中的橘子洲头，是当年毛泽东先生经常漫步思考的地方，后来还写了一首非常著名的诗来赞美她。

Changsha is a beautiful ancient city with a history of over 3,000 years. West of the city is the beautiful Yuelu Hill, at the foot of the hill, are many historic sites such as Yuelu Academy. In the center of the city is the ancient city gate tower --Tianxin Tower, which was first built 1000 years

ago. Also located in the city is the ancient Baisha Well, from which clear and pure water has been gushing out nonstop throughout the year for thousands of years. Inhabitants in Changsha today still come here to fetch water for drinking. Orange Island in the Xiang River was where Mr. Mao Zedong often rambled and meditated. Later he wrote a very famous poem in its praise.

十八、洞庭湖是中国第二大淡水湖。洞庭湖畔的岳阳楼，是中国三大名楼中唯一保持原址原貌的国家重点保护文物。岳阳楼所处的位置极好，它屹立于岳阳古城之上，背靠岳阳城，俯瞰洞庭湖，遥对君山岛，北依长江，南通湘江。自古以来，就是人们观光旅游的好地方。 Lake Dongting is China’s second largest freshwater lake. Yueyang Tower, which is located on its shores, is a national key cultural relic for protection as the only one of China’s famous towers that is kept in its original condition at its original site. The tower is very favorably located, standing as it does on Yu eyang’s ancient city wall with the city behind and overlooking Lake Dongting to the distant Junshan Isle; to its north is the Yangtze River and to the south the Xiang River. Since ancient times, the tower has been a good place for sightseeing and touring. (Picture)

十九、目前，人类的生存环境正在遭到破坏，美丽的大自然已经不那么美丽了。保护野生动物，也就是保护人娄自己。我强烈呼吁：不要再捕杀黑猩猩，不要再捕杀野生动物了，让我们人类多一些地球上的朋友，多给我们下一代保留一些野生动物吧! 否则，地球将毁灭在人类手中，人类将毁灭在自己手中。

At present, man’s living environment is being ruined, and beautiful nature is no longer so beautiful. Protection of wild life is protection of man himself. So I appeal strongly to all to stop killing the chimpanzee or any other wild animal. Let us human beings have more friends on the earth, and leave more wild life for future generations. Or the earth would be destroyed by man, and man by man himself.

二十、