英语语法 倒装句

倒 装

英语句子的正常语序(Normal Order)是主语放在谓语动词前。如果句子的谓语动词位于主语之前，这种

语序被称作倒装语序(Inverted Order) 。倒装语序有全部倒装和部分倒装两种。一般说来，英语中有两种情

况需要使用倒装句：一种是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装，另一种是由于修辞需要而进行的倒装。

1． 全部倒装：

1）There be 句型： 还有live, happen, exist, remain, stand, sit, lie, seem等作这类句型的谓语

There are many students in the classroom. There live / exist a variety of beings around the corals.

There happened to be no body in the bedroom when the fire broke out.

There lies a large Greenland in front of the house .

2）Here / there / now + vi（常为come, go）＋主语（必须是名词）（这时句中不能用正在进行时）

此句型中here / there （用来唤起注意）喂，注意了

Here comes Mary. There goes the bell. Here comes the bus. 但：There he comes.

here 句中也可用系动词 Here is John. Here are some story books I want.

Here we are. This is the station. 咱们到了，这就是火车站。

“Give me some paper.” “Here you are.” “给我点纸。” “给你。”

3) then引起，谓语为 come, follow的句子 Then came a new difficulty. 然后产生了一个新的困难。

Then followed eight years of the Anti-Japanese War. 接着是八年抗战。

4) out, in, up ,down, away in, off, back, now之类的副词作状语放在句首，主语比较长，也就是说主语不能是 很短的人称代词，谓语为不及物动词come, go, run , rush, etc。

句式为：副词＋vi ＋主语（必须是名词） Away went the boy. 但：Away they went.

Out rushed the tiger from among the bushes. In came the rose fragrance through the windows.

Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas. Back came the others. Now comes the bus.

5) 介词短语或方位名词词组作地点状语位于句首，引起全部倒装。谓语为不及物动词，常是表示方位或转 移的不及物动词，如lie, live, sit, stand, be, come, go, rise, walk, run等。(主语常比较长)

句式为：介词短语＋vi ＋主语（必须是名词）

In the middle of our school stands a high building. From the distance came occasional barks.

South of the city lies a big factory. Under the bed lies a cat.

In these oceans live huge numbers of a small fish 5cm long.

6) 表语放在句首，表语常为形容词，分词，副词，介词短语。主语比较长，也就是主语不能是很短的人称 代词。 句式为：表语＋系动词＋主语（必须是名词）

Very important in the farms‟ life is the radio weather report.

Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests.

Gone are the days when the teachers were looked down upon.

Seriously damaged in the earthquake was the white building in the city.

Playing the guitar on the playground are the students from class five and class three.

On the both sides of the street are beautiful flowers. South of city are two big lakes.

7) 直接引语中间或后面表示某人说这意思的插入语（特别是谓语较短时）

“They must be in the fields now,” thought Xiao Lin. “他们准是下地了。”小林想道。

“Help! Help!” cried the little girl. 小姑娘叫道：“救命！救命！”

如果主语不比谓语长，或是它后面有宾语，主语就仍然多放在前面：

“Take your seats, gentlemen,” Wilson shouted。 “That man is a famous star,” Xiao Yang told me in a whisper.

8) 代词such 作表语，表示对前文的总结，译为“这样的人”, “这样的物”，such 置于句首，要全部倒装。

Such were the facts. Such would be our home in the future.

2．部分倒装

1）only ＋ 副词 / 介词短语 / 状语从句置于句首引起部分倒装。

Only then did I realize the importance of English.

Only in this way can you make progress in your English.

Only when the war was over in1918 was he able to get happily back to work.

注意① 在only ＋ 状语从句 ＋ 主句结构中，主句用倒装结构但从句用正常语序。

② only修饰主语，不倒装。Only Tom knows the answer.

2）否定词（短语）开头的句子要用部分倒装：表示否定意义的副词never, nor, neither, nowhere; 表

示半否定意义的副词hardly, few, seldom, little, barely, rarely; 含有no 和not 的词组by no means, in no time,

at no time, on no accounts, in no case, in no way

Never have I been in this city. Little / Seldom do I watch TV.

Maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else can you find such a beautiful palace.

3) not only…but (also)…连接两个分句，not only置于句首，它所引导的这部分要部分倒装，但but (also) 部

分不要倒装。 Not only should we study science, but also we should pay attention to politics.

注：若not only…but (also)… 连接两个主语，句子不要倒装。

4) not until引起一个短语或引导一个从句置于句首时，主句中要求部分倒装。

Not until he was ten did he go to school. Not until yesterday did I realize what trouble he was in.

5) hardly…when…; no sooner…than…; scarcely…… when句型中，若hardly, no sooner, scarcely位于句首时，主句中要求部分倒装。 Hardly had I entered the room when the phone rang.

No sooner had he finished his talk than he was surrounded (包围) by the workers.

6）以so 开头, 用 “so＋助动词/情态动词 / 系动词＋主语”表示前面叙述的情况也适合于另一个人或物，

译作 “也，同样，也如此”。表示前面叙述的否定情况也适合于另一个人或物; 用 “neither / nor＋助动词

/ 情态动词 / 系动词＋主语”。 译作 “也不是，也没有”。The boy left home, so did his sister a week later.

Society has changed and so have the people in it. 社会变了人也变了。

－I don‟t think I can walk any further. －Neither can I. Let‟s stop for a rest.

注意 ① 当so 表示对前句内容的肯定、附和，或进一步强调前面所说的情况，或者赞同前面的说法时

译作 “的确，正是”应用自然语序：－Tom works hard. －So he does and so do you.

② 倒装部分的助动词，情态动词，系动词的时态和形式要与前句相一致，主谓一致的变化要与后

面主语相呼应。 If you don‟t go, neither / nor shall I.（If you don‟t go, I shall not go.）

注意：表示前面的多种情况也适合于另一人或物，或者既有肯定又有否定情况或涉及到不同类型的动

作时可用：It is the same with something / somebody或 So it is with something / somebody.

I like English very much, but I don‟t like physics. It is the same with my brother.

She does well in English, but is poor in maths. So it is with Lucy.

Marx was born in Germany and German was his native language. It was the same with Engles

6）adj. / adv. / n. / do ＋ as / though ＋ 主语 ＋…… 引导的让步状语从句

Clever as he is, he doesn‟t study well. Child as he is, he knows a lot.

Much as I like it, I won‟t buy it. Try as she might, she failed.

Try as he would, he might fail again. Hard as he tried, he didn‟t succeed.

注意：表语前的名词无形容词修饰时冠词要省略

7）so + adj. / adv. + that… ; such + adj. + n. 表示结果的状语从句中，so / such放在句首:

So afraid was he in the darkness that he didn‟t dare to move an itch.

So loudly did he speak that everyone could hear him. Such great progress did he make that he was praised.

8) 如果虚拟条件句的谓语含有were, should , were, 可以把if 省略而将这三个词放于条件句首构成倒装

If it hadn‟t been for their help, we couldn‟t have finished the work on time.

= Hadn‟t it been for their help, we couldn‟t have finished the work on time.

If there should be a flood, what would we do? = Should there be a flood, what would we do?

9) 频度副词及短语often, always, now and then , many a time , every other day等放在句首时有时也倒装：

Many a time has he come to comfort me. Often did he warn them not to do so.

10) 某些表示祝愿句子也用倒状语序：May you succeed. Long live the Communist Party of China!

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1. ___ can you expect to get a pay rise.

A. With hard work B. Although work hard C. Only with hard work D. Now that he works hard

2. Not a single song ____ at yesterday's party.

A. she sang B. sang she C. did she sing D. she did sing

3. I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in all my life____ so happy.

A. did I feel B. I felt C. I had felt D. had I felt

4. —David has made great progress recently. —____, and ____.

A. So he has... so you have B. So he has... so have you C. So has he... so have you D. So has he... so you have

5. Not until all the fish died in the river, ____ how serious the pollution was.

A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized C. the villagers did realize D. didn't the villagers realize

6. Not until all the fish died in the river ______ how serious the pollution was.

A did the villages realize B the villages realized C the villages did realize D didn‟t the villages realize

7. So _______ that no fish can live in it.

A. the lake is shallow B. shallow the lake is C. shallow is the lake D. is the lake shallow

8. Little _______ about his safety, though he was in great danger himself.

A. does he care B. did he care C. he cares D. he cared

9. ______ for the free tickets, I wouldn‟t have gone to the films so often.

A. If it is not B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they were not

10. David has made great progress recently. _______, and________.

A. So he has , so you have B. so he has , so you have C. So has he , so have you D. so has he , so you have

11. Look, _______________________________.

A. Here the bus comes B. here is the bus coming C. Here comes the bus D. here the bus is coming

12. Where is Kate? Look , _________ She is at the school gate.

A. There she is B. there is she C. Here you are D. here it is

13. Which of the following sentences is right?

A. In the teacher come. B. In did come the teacher. C. In did the teacher come. D. In came the teacher.

14. _________ he doesn‟t get annoyed with her sometimes.

A. Although much he likes her B. Much although he likes her C. As he likes her much D. Much as he likes her

15. Never _________ such a good film before.

A. did I see B. have I see C. I saw D. I have seen

1. So loudly _____ that ______ hear her clearly.

A. did she speak; could everyone B. did she speak; everyone could

C. she spoke; could everyone D. she spoke; everyone could

2. _____ himself wrong, but his friends were wrong.

A. Not was only he B. Not only he C. Not only was he D. Not only was

3. Not until the early years of the 19th century _____ know what heat is.

A. man did B. man C. didn„t man D. did man

4. Try ____ she might, Sue couldn‟t get the door open. 2011全国卷I

A. if B. when C. since D. as

5. Only when he reached the tea-house ______ it was the same place he‟d been in last year. 【2011全国卷I 】

A. he realized B. he did realize C. realized he D. did he realize

6. —It ‟s nice. Never before ____ such a special drink! —I ‟m glad you like it. 2011福建卷

A.I have had B. I had C. have I had D. had I

7. Only after they had discussed the matter for a few hours _______ a decision . 【2011湖南卷32】

A. they reached B. did they reach C. they reach D. do they reach

8. At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River______, one of the ten largest cities in China.

A. lies Chongqing B. Chongqing lies C. does lie Chongqing D. does Chongqing lie 〖10重庆〗

9. For a moment nothing happened. Then _____ all shouting together. (09福建)

A. voices had come B. came voices C. voices would come D. did voices come

10. We laugh at jokes, but seldom _______about how they work. 〖10四川〗

A. we think B. think we C. we do think D. do we think

11. Not until he left his home ______ to know how important the family was for him. 〖10江西〗

A did he begin B had he begun C he began D he had begun

12. ____ a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project. 〖09安徽〗

A. It has B. They have C. It remains D. There remains

13. Not until I came home last night ________ to bed. . 〖09四川〗

A. Mum did go B. did Mum go C. went Mum D. Mum went

14. Unsatisfied _________with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience. 〖09重庆〗

A. though was he B. though he was C. he was though D. was he though

15. Little ____ about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself. 〖09陕西〗

A. did Rose care B. Rose did care C. Rose does care D. does Rose care

16. Under no circumstances and at no time ______ the first to use nuclear weapon.

A. we are B. we will be C. were we D. shall we be

13. Never before that night ______ the extent of my own power.

A. had I felt B. I felt C. did I feel D. I had felt

14. ----Tomorrow will be Sunday. ---- _______.

A. So it will B. So will it C. Either it will D. Either will it

16. _______ come to our country as today.

A. Foreign guests who have never B. Never so many foreign guests have

C. Never have so many foreign guests D. The foreign guests aren't ever

17. _________ that he could not speak for a long time.

A. So frightened was he B. So frightened he was C. Was he so frightened D. Frightened was he

18. Many a time ________ good advice.

A. gives me his B. he gives me C.I give him D. does he give me

19. Rarely _________ so difficult a choice.

A. she could have faced with B. could have she faced with

C. she could have been faced with D. could she have been faced with

20. In a physical change no new substance is formed, _______ in the composition of mater.

A. nor does any change take place B. nor any change takes place

C. not any change takes place D. either any change take place

21. Only in a few countries _______ a reasonable standard of living.

A. the whole of the population enjoy B. the whole of the population enjoys

C. does the whole of the population enjoy D. has a whole of the population enjoy

22. Seldom _________ to come over to have a chat with him in those days.

A. have I have time B. did I have time C. I have time D. I have got time

23. "Tomorrow will be Sunday." "__________."

A. So it will B. So will it C. Either it will D. Either will it

24. Little ______ that the district was very rich in resources.

A. we suspected B. we did suspect C. did we suspect D. do we suspect

25. The teacher is not too happy with the student, and __________ is his father.

A. not B. neither C. either D. so