大一新生入学英语语音强化训练材料

2008级新生英语语音强化训练主要内容

1． 发音器官的介绍

2． 英语音素的分类及其发音要领 3． 英语26个字母的读音

4． 英语中的音变现象，如不完全爆破、连读、弱读等 5． 英语中的重音，尤其是语句重音 6． 英语中的语调

附一: 发音器官示意图

附二: 英语音素的分类及发音练习 附三：英语26个字母的读音

附四：英语中的音变现象，如不完全爆破、连读、弱读等练习 附五：英语语句重音练习 附六：英语语调练习

附一: 发音器官示意图

发音器官：

发音器官示意图

简单地讲，发音器官可以分成三大部分：

A. 喉头

在喉头内的发音器官 有： 1、气管

2、声带（包括声门）

3、会靥软骨：会靥软骨的功能是在吃东西时将气管 盖住、不使食物进入气管，在发音时回到原处。 B. 口腔

在口腔内的发音器官有： 4、舌：分成四部分

a 、舌端 b 、前舌 c 、后舌 d 舌根 5、硬颚：和静止时的前舌相对 6、软颚：和静止时的后舌相对

7、齿槽 8、齿 9、唇 10、小舌：在英语的发音中小舌几乎不起作用。

C. 鼻腔

附二: 英语音素

英语中共有48个音素，这48音素可分为元音（Vowels ）和辅音（Consonants ）两大类。

1. 英语元音的分类：

英语元音有20个，可根据发音时器官有无变化分为两类：单元音（Pure Vowels）和双元音（Diphthongs ）。

单元音:

按舌最高点的部位可把12个单元音分为：

1）发音时舌的最高点在舌前部，发出的音是前元音（Front Vowels）：/ :，，， / 2）发音时舌的最高点在舌中部，发出的音是中元音（Central Vowels）：/ ☜:，☜， /

3）发音时舌的最高点在舌后部，发出的音是后元音（Back Vowels）：/ :， ， :，◆，

◆: /

双元音:

英语中的八个双元音可根据它们的特点进一步分为两类：合口双元音（Closing Diphthongs）和集中双元音（Centring Diphthongs）。

1）发音时牙床的张开程度由大变小的，叫合口双元音：/ a，， ，a ◆，☜◆ /。

2）发音时发音器官的部位滑向中元音 /☜/ 的位置，叫集中双元音：/ ☜，☪☜，◆☜ /。 元音发音练习：

单元音 ( Pure Vowels ) /:/，//，//，// 1. Read and compare the following vowels: /:/

//

//

//

//

/●/ //

/:/ /●:/ /:/ /:/ /:/

// /●/ // //

//

/●/ //

// //

// // //

a sheet of steel six bricks

2. Read the following phrases with /:/and //: a piece of meat green tea kick up its heels a big pig

a team leader

keep it a secret a visit to the mill

a pretty ticket

a little kitten wet with sweat a black cap

feel chilly a wedding dress less and less

very well get ready a bad man

press the bell a happy family hand in hand

a bag of apples a fat cat

3. Read the following sentences with /:/and //:

1）We mean to see the teams. 2）The teacher repeated the speech. 3） A friend in need is a friend indeed. 4）It is a pity that she is ill. 5）Please give Tim the tickets for the film. 6）A little pill can cure a great ill. 7）All is well that ends well.

8）Better to do well than say well.

9）Let’s get together when the weather is better. 10）Have they carried the cash to the bank?

11） Pat married a handsome young man and had a happy family. 12） Jack’s black cat is catching that fat rat.

中元音（Central Vowels）/☜:/，/☜/，// 1. Read and compare the following vowels: /☜:⏹/ /w☜:/ /w☜:❍/ /w☜: /

2. Read the following phrases: the first term a service girl a sudden jump one dozen

2) It’s the early bird that catches the worm. 4) Her elder brother is a worker.

6) We’re going to have a get-together after supper.

an early bird along the river some honey a tough gun

a dirty shirt

return from work a correct answer a funny uncle come and run country cousin

the third world a better learner just for fun some money

a famous writer a lucky mother the coming bus blood for blood

/ m ☜/ / ●☜/ / :☞☜/

/☜: / /☜:/

/ ☜/

/ ☜/

/ ●☜/ / ☜/

/ ✞☯:⏹/ / ☜:●/

/ w ☜: ☜/

t he injured layer a shorter summer

3. Read the following sentences with/☜:/and/☜/: 1) First come, first serve.

3) I’m learning to put the first thing first. 5) The wonderful weather was over.

7）Well begun is half done.

8）It’s fun to run and jump in the sun.

9）Money is something, but not everything. 10）Ask mother if the mutton’s enough for supper. 后元音（Back Vowels）/ :/，/ /，/ :/，/◆/，/◆:/ 1. Read and compare the following vowels: / :/ card shark heart part farm mark barn

1. Read the following words with / :/: a large parcel a large shark

2. Read the following phrases with / / and / :/: a coffee shop a long rod

a short report good books a blue suit

3. Read the following sentences with / :/: 1）He laughs best who laughs last. 3）Father’s car runs very fast.

2）The car was parked in the farmyard. 4）A large army marched past the grassland.

the lost dog short and tall

lots of clocks a tall horse

a popular song got a job before dawn

a quarter to four

master of arts

after the party a large farm

rather fast

half the class

a basket of grass

half past five

/ /

/ :/

/◆/

/◆:/

large

lock cock shot hot pot from mock bomb

lord cord short hawk port form morn born

look cook hook put full nook bull

loot cool shoot hoot pool fool noon boom

should

walk toward the lawn

looks good whose shoes beautiful music

took the wood useful tool

shook the foot huge room

look full a new school

Read the following phrases with /◆/ and /◆:/: a good-looking man

5）The dance party in the farmyard lasted far into the night.

Read the following sentences with / / and / :/: 1）They washed socks on the rocks.

2) I forgot to lock the box. 4) Don’t put the water on the floor.

3) Tom got a lot of copies of the songs.

5) She thought she ought to take a walk before four o’clock. Read the following sentences with /◆/ and /◆:/: 1）The bush was full of good wood. 2）He took the cushion and shook it. 3）Use a ruler as you do at school.

4）Choose either boots or shoes.

5）The cook stood still and looked at the book for cooking.

双元音（Diphthongs ）//，/a/，/ /，/a◆/，//☜◆/ 1. Read and compare the following vowels: //

/a/

/ /

/ ◆/

// /a /

//

/⏹◆/

//

/a /

//

/◆⏹/

/❍●/ /❍a ●/ /❍/ /●◆/ /⏹●/

/⏹a ●/

/⏹/

/ ◆/

2．Read the following phrases with//, /a/ and / /: May Day a great change

a railway station the same way a table mate time and tide fly in the sky my right eye right side

a surprising sight

toil on the soil

join the boy

spoil the boys the boy’s toy

the noise of the coins

Read the following phrases with / ◆/ and /☜◆/:

the flower house shout louder round the mouth go down town

thousands of flowers

speak out loud an old soldier

go to the show row a boat

a gold bowl

3．Read the following sentences with //, /a/ and / / : 1）It’s high time to strike a light.

2）My child is quite tired and is crying by my side. 3）Haste makes waste.

/☜◆/

/⏹☜◆/ /☜◆⏹/

/●☜◆/

/☜◆/

came the rain arrive at five by the noisy voices

over the road open the window

4）I’m afraid you’ve made the same mistake. 5）The joyful but noisy voices annoyed me. 6）The spoilt boy destroyed the toys.

Read the following sentences with / ◆/ and /☜◆/: 1) Mr Brown is proud of his pretty house. 2) Did you hear the loud shouts of the crowd? 3) I’ve now found the town rather crowded. 4) Follow the road and go slowly home. 5) Show me where those roses grow. 6) They rowed the boat along the coast.

集中双元音（Centering Diphthongs）/☜/，/☪☯/，/◆☯/ 1. Read and compare the following vowels: /☜/ /☪☜/ /✞☜/ /☐☜/ /☐☪☜/ /☐◆☜/ /☜/ /☪☯/

/◆☯/

/❍☯/ /❍☪☯/ /❍◆☯/ /☞☜/

/☞☪☯/

/☞✞☯/

2. Read the following phrases with /☜/, /☪☜/ and /✞☜/: near hear cheerful period a clear idea hear the cheers a real hero share the pear repair the chair a fair in the square fair hair

air warfare

a poor tourist

poorer and poorer

a pure jewel sure about the cure

endure the poor life

3. Read the following sentences with/☜/, /☪☜/ and /✞☜/: 1) I fear he can’t hear me clearly.

2) We are near the end of the year.

3) Take care, there’s a chair at the foot of the stairs.

4) The girl with fair hair is comparing the result with great care. 5) The poor man was assured that he could be cured. 6) During that period the poor became poorer and poorer.

from ear to ear take care of the affair fewer and fewer

2. 英语辅音的分类：

1）爆破音（Plosives ）/☐，，，， ， /

2）摩擦音（Frictives ）/， ，， ，☞，✞， ，❆，/ 3）破擦音（Affricates ）/☞，✞，❒，❒，，/

4) 无摩擦的连续音(Frictionless Continuant) /❒/ 5）舌侧音（Lateral ）/●/ 6）鼻音（Nasals ）/❍，⏹，☠/

7）半单元（Semi-Vowels ）/ ，w/

辅音发音练习

爆破音(Plosives) /☐，，，， ， / 1. Read and compare the following plosives: pan pet pox

2. Read the following phrases with plosives: a big pig

pay the bill

hit the dog a sick dog

press the button do one’s duty a kind guide the hungry cat

step by step read the letter

put the book back tell the date

from top to bottom the next day a good talk lock the gate

3. Read the following sentences with plosives: 1）Put the big pot on the table.

2）The pie is cheap and not bad.

6）The girl has taken the dog to the garden.

3）Ted hurt his foot and was taken to the hospital. 4）The cart got stuck in the mud. 5）A good beginning makes a good ending.

ban bet box cab

tab ten tick

dad den dick

class tick peck

glass gig exam peg

excuse

cap butter rudder

a good speaker a lucky girl

摩擦音(Frictives) /， ，， ，☞，✞， ，❆，/ 1．Read and compare the following fricatives:

// fail serf

/ / veil serve prove

// / / rice price seal

rise zeal

/☞/

/✞/

/ /

/ ❆/

//

mesher vacation

measure treasure occasion decision

bath

bathe behind

high

prize precious bays position

thanks than teeth

proof refuse

breath breathe perhaps

teethe hate

review base

2. Read the following phrases with fricatives:

a vast field

half a loaf

four friends pass the keys

very funny

improve the food

a lovely face the same rose short shirt

2) The visitors found a valuable vase.

4) Has Sam seen monkeys at the zoo? 6) Is she sure to shut the shop? 8) It’s a pleasure to speak on such an 10) We’ll support you through thick and thin.

wash a fish

pens and books a slow rise

jeeps and cars horses and houses shoulder a fish more than three a thoughtful mother a healthy father 3. Read the following sentences with fricatives: 1) They found few people in the village. 3) Seven from eleven leaves four.

treasure a garage measure for measure these months

hang it high

an unusual pleasure a wealthy brother those things

5) The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. occasion.

9) He saw its fault on second thoughts.

7) Pay special attention to the shape of the machine.

11) The third Thursday of this month is the sixteenth. 12) The house is as hot as he hoped.

破擦音（Affricates ）/☞，✞，❒，❒，，/ 1．Read and compare the following affricates: /☞/ rich

choose chest choke

/✞/

trip try trunk true

/❒/ /❒/ // //

drip dry drew

seats carts ants heats

seeds cards adds heeds

ridge Jews jest joke

drunk

2．Read the following phrases with /☞/, /✞/, /❒/, /❒ /, // and//： watch the match a cheerful journey

3. Read the following sentences with /☞/, /✞/, /❒/, /❒ /, // and//： 1) This is the largest jewel for you to choose. 2) Jane looks charming in this picture. 3) They treated me to some strong drinks. 4) The boy drew a train running along the track. 5) The kids have lots of coats and shorts. 6) He holds two cats and three birds in his hands.

无摩擦的连续音(Frictinless Continuant) /❒/ 、舌侧音（Lateral ）/●/ 1．Read and compare the following consonants: rip row road

2．Read the following phrases with /❒/ and /●/: a clean room look a live

3．Read the following sentences with /❒/ and /⏹/： 1) The real reason is rather silly. 2) Those red roses are really very pretty. 3) He rarely reads literary works.

鼻音（Nasals ）/❍，⏹，☠/

4) All roads lead to Rome. 5) Look before you leap.

6) A little pill may well cure a great ill.

a long row rack and ruin

arrive late

a free life

sleep like a dog a loyal friend

a real writer a low rate

lip low load

read crash room

lead long clash loom

right rrive rock raw

light alive lock law

wrong catch the chicken try the dream

a large church a true drawing

choose a job

change the torch

a strange dress hundreds of trees

correct collect

to collect roses run along the railroad

1．Read and compare the following nasals: /❍/ bomb gum map

2．Read the following phrases with /❍/, /⏹/ and /☠/： arm in arm

miss the mark clean neck next to none

a warm room ten nations sing a song

a firm manner

home made fine needles a long finger

men and women natural number

earning nothing king of all kings

/⏹/ Bonn gun nap nor

/⏹/ thin sin ban ton

/☠/ thing sing bang

/⏹/ knife knot night nine

/●/ life lot light line

more tongue

a young singer an interesting song the English language

3．Read the following sentences with /❍/, /⏹/ and /☠/： 1) The games are becoming more and more amusing. 2) Sam makes many mistakes in his homework. 3) I need another nine names.

4) Nell’s neighbour never knew Nell’s nickname. 5) The angry king said nothing. 6) He sang an English song.

半元音（Semi-Vowels ）/ ，w/

1．Read and compare the following consonants: / / yet joke jell

2．Read the following phrases with / / and //： a new student

beautiful music a yellow suit

when and where

in New York wait a week

year by year willing to wait walk quickly away

a unique youth

//

//

/ /

wet

woke well

west wine while

vest vine vile

quality and quantity quit the quarrel

3．Read the following sentences with / / and //： 1) The students are viewing the new building.

2) Few people knew music and fewer knew the beautiful tune. 3) Excuse my refusing your new proposal. 4) Keep quiet while waiting here. 5) What will you wear in this bad weather?

附三：英语26个字母的读音

Aa// Gg/✞:/

L l/●/

Mm/❍/

Ss//

Nn/⏹/ Tt/:/

Oo/☯◆/

Pp/☐:/

Qq/ ◆:/

Rr/ :/

Uu/ ◆:/

Vv/ :/

Ww/ ●◆:/

Yy//

Zz/ :/ /

Bb/:/ Hh /☞/

Cc/:/

Ii / /

Dd/:/

Ee/:/

Ff//

Jj/✞/

Kk/ /

Xx//

附四：英语中的音变现象，如不完全爆破、连读、弱读等

1. 不完全爆破(Incomplete Plosion)

爆破音 ＋ 爆破音( Plosive + Plosive ) a. boo k case b. fas t train

lam p post

do c tor

bla ck board grea t deal

goo d bye wha t time

em p ty fiel d

a t table

day

si t down no te book

bla ck tea

ta ke care par k cars kin d people chea p book

c. Te d has a bad cold today.

I don’t believe that Bobby is a bad boy.

There are eight black pencils and two red ball pens. Ta ke care not to eat too much.

爆破音 ＋ 摩擦音( Plosive + Fricative ) a. need ful b. ol d friend

best seller a b sent no t sure work hard

brea k fast

wor k shop

ou t side whi te vase

a top student

this and that

c. China is a great socialist country. I like po p songs.

You may keep the book. Have you visited Shanghai?

爆破音 ＋ 破擦音( Plosive + Affricate ) a. o b ject gran d child pi c ture b. tha t child

爆破音 ＋ 鼻辅音( Plosive + Nasal ) a. Bri t ain b. good night

no t near

gran d mother dar k night

kin d ness mi d night

si g nal pos t man re d mark ol d nurse

goo d morning fa t man las t night

I’m sorry, I don’t know.

Le t me help you lift that metal box.

hel p me lea gue member

har d job

sto p joking

traffi c jam

bi g tree fas t train

swee t dream bla ck jeep

bla ck jacket bi g chance

grea t changes goo d job

c. I t is not true. Grea t changes will take place.

I’m sure that Charlie has made the right choice.

The next train will leave ten forty.

goo d news wri te more

c. Can you help me?

We heard Davi d sing last night.

爆破音 ＋ 舌侧音/l/( Plosive + Lateral ) a. bo tt le

2. 连读(Liaison)

辅音 ＋ 元音(Consonant +VOWEL )

如果前一个词是以辅音结尾，后一个词又是以元音（包括半元音）开始，那么这两个音就可以连在一起读。 re d light

mi dd le qui t e low

grea t ly a t least har d life

frien d ly strugg le tha t lady goo d luck

prou d ly

b. don’t like

a t last

si t late good leader shor t life spea k louder

c. I don’t like it at all.

Don’t look at the book.

Didn’t Sally tell you anything about Larry?

I would like to have a little piece of that chocolate cake.

例如：

- r/ - re ＋ 元音（“- r ” / “- re” + V OWEL ）

单词中的“r”字母通常是不发音的，但是，在连贯的话语中，如果包含“r”音的这个单词的后一个词是以元音字母开始时，这个“ ”要读出来，且与其后的这个元音连起来读。

例如：

1．Read the following phrases, paying special attention to liaison： 1）Consonant ＋ V owel

2）-r/-re ＋ vowel after all

a letter-opener daughter and son for example

here and there

poor old man not at all

get away with it a bottle of ink look at it pick it up back in an hour put it aside put it on a place of interest let him in make it up

put an end best of all in and out

big and dark eye leave in April

with all his ears pick up an apple give it up

think it over

for a long time your own choice a great number of clear enough take care of for instance four of us answer it

more and more far off

as a matter of fact later on a pair of shoes wait for a moment father and mother for a minute over and above near it

a country of their own

brother and sister

2．Read the following sentences, paying special attention to liaison：

1) He lost an eye in an accident.

3. 弱化( Weak Form )

弱化的方法( Methods of Weak Forms ): 虚词的弱化主要表现在以下三种方面：

1）缩短该词的元音长度，将该词的长元音变成短元音：

例如：to/◆:/ → /◆/， do/◆:/ → /◆/，

he/:/ → //， me/❍:/ → /❍/。

2) 将该词的元音变成弱元音/☜/：

例如：have/ / → /☜ /，was/ / →/☜ /，

by/a / → /☯/

3) 将该词中的元音或辅音省去： 2) Go straight ahead along the road. 3) He arrived at eight exactly. 4) Jack isn’t as bad as I thought. 5) I want to ask you to see it. 6) There are about four oranges.

7) Your uncle is better off. 8) Take care of your eye. 9) Tom is always on the run. 10) Please tell us all about it.

例如：must /❍/ → /❍/或//， can/ ⏹/ →/ ⏹/。 弱化练习

1．Read the following sentences, paying special attention to strong form and weak form: 1） I must answer that letter. 2） Could you tell me the time? 3） We got nothing out of it. 4） I wrote them a letter. 5） He said that it was wrong. 6） The girl has an apple. 7） What am I to do? 8） They were very happy. 9） She’s been reading for a while.

2．Read the following sentences with strong form or weak form, paying special attention to the underlined parts:

1） Aren’t 2） 3） 4） 5） 6） 7） 8） 9）

10） 11） 12） 13） 14） 15） 16） 17） 10） I want to go there now. 11） Would you take us home? 12） It’s a letter from John. 13） Mary and Jone will come. 14） I shall take the job. 15） I met him the other day. 16） This is better than that. 17） He’ll come at ten.

附五：英语语句重音

语句重音练习

1．Read the following sentences correctly according to the rules of sentence stresss:

1) I think I am late for class. 2) A horse is an animal.

3) We should do as the Party tells us. 4) Who was that on the phone? 5) This is the book I want. 6) I seldom met him recently. 7) And yours is over there.

15) The children left their cards in the yard.

8) Who came to see me this morning? 9) He was surprised at her attitude. 10) Two heads are better than one.

11) He has received a letter written in red ink. 12) This is my book and that is your pen. 13) Do the homework at once.

14) You met Jenny yesterday, didn’t you?

16) He must have been hit on the head with a hammer.

17) I have looked everywhere, upstairs and downstairs, but they aren’t anywhere. 18) I have a friend whose mother is working in that large hospital. 19) Money is something, but not everything. 20) I gave her some pearls for her thirty-first birthday.

2．Read the following dialogue: _ How are you?

_ ‵Fine, thank you. And how are you? _ Very well. Thank you. - Where are the paper plates?

- ‵Oh, don’t use the paper plates? Use the china plates, please? - Where is the apple pie?

- How did you get the i dea that it was an‵apple pie? It is a cherry pie.

附六：英语语调

语调练习

1. Read the following sentences with falling tone: 1✆ I’m afraid I am late.

2✆ He was very successful in his work. 3✆ When did you get the letter?

4✆ What have you got in that box? 5✆ It’s a fine day, isn’t it? 6✆ You don’t believe me, do you?

7✆ Ask him to wait for me. 8✆ Don’t waste so much time.

2. Read the following sentences with rising tone: 1✆ Is he waiting for the bus?

2✆ Do you mind if I open the window? 3✆ It’s going to rain, isn’t it?

4✆ You haven’t finished your homework, have you? 5✆ Shall we walk or shall we go by bus? 6✆ Do you go to Beijing or New York or London? 7✆ They bought eggs, milk, bread and butter.

9✆ What a foolish girl!

10✆ How hard they are working this year!

8✆ He has been to many countries: France, Japan, Italy and America.

3. Read the following sentences with falling-rising tone: 1✆ I know his face, but I can’t recall his name. 2✆ It isn’t bad.

3✆ Are you feeling better? 4✆ - You look cold. - I’m not exactly cold. 5✆ - What a beautiful day! - It’s very cold. 6✆ Mind your steps.

4. Read the following sentences with the correct tones: 1) Is he from Canada or from A`merica? 2) They say they will send it by `post.

3) I won’t stay here ˇall the winter(but part of it.) 4) She is always ready to help ′others if she has ˇtime. 5) Were the children with ′you or with their `father? 6) The girl will be starting school next `year, won’t she? 7) The book on the desk is `yours, `is’t it?

8) He put on his hat, took his bag, open the door and went `out.

9) When I got there, there was no one `in.

10) Holding the book in one ′hand, he came to the `classroom.