初中英语语法讲解与练习[名词]
1.1 名词复数的规则变化
情况 构成方法 读音 例词
一般情况 加 -s 清辅音后读/s/ map-maps
浊辅音和元音后读 /z/ bag-bags /car-cars
以s, sh, ch, x等结尾 加 -es 读 /iz/ bus-buses/ watch-watches
以ce, se, ze,等结尾 加 -s 读 /iz/ license-licenses
以辅音字母+y结尾 变y 为i再加es 读 /z/ baby---babies
1.2 其它名词复数的规则变化
▲1） 以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数。例如： two Marys the Henrys
monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays
2） 以o 结尾的名词，变复数时：
a. 加s，如： photo---photos piano---pianos
radio---radios zoo---zoos；
b. 加es，如：potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes
c. 上述a和b两种方法均可，如zero---zeros / zeroes。
3） 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时：
a. 加s，如： belief---beliefs roof---roofs
safe---safes gulf---gulfs；
b. 去f,fe 加ves，如：half---halves
knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves
wife---wives life---lives thief---thieves；
c. 上述a和b两种方法均可，如handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。
1.3 名词复数的不规则变化
1） child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth
mouse---mice man---men woman---women
注意：由一个词加 man 或 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women，如an Englishman，two Englishmen。但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。
2） 单复同形，如deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese ，li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin等。但除人民币的元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如：a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters。
3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。例如：
people police cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说a person，a policeman，a head of cattle, the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用，如The Chinese are
industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。
4） 以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：
a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，一般是不可数名词，为单数。
b. news 为不可数名词。
c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。
The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。
d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。例如：
5） 表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses （眼镜） trousers, clothes等，若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair（对，双）; suit（套）; a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers等。
6） 另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼。
1.4不同国籍人的单复数
国籍 总称（谓语用复数） 单数 复数
中国人 the Chinese a Chinese two Chinese
瑞士人 the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss
澳大利亚人the Australians an Australian two Australians
俄国人 the Russians a Russian two Russians
意大利人 the Italians an Italian two Italians
希腊人 the Greek a Greek two Greeks
法国人 the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen
日本人 the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese
美国人 the Americans an American two Americans
印度人 the Indians an Indian two Indians
加拿大人 the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians
德国人 the Germans a Germans two Germans
英国人 the English an Englishman two Englishmen
瑞典人 the Swedish a Swede two Swedes
【练习题】
一、写出下列名词的复数形式
1、orange 2、class 、monkeypiano、
、shelf 7、bed 、country、family
10、toy 、foot 、radio、photo14、
tomato5、woman 16、knife 、sheep
18、ship19、dish20、mouse、tooth
22、leaf______
二、选择填空
( )1．I can see three ________ in the zoo.
A monkeys B monkeyes C monkey
( )2.The pig has four ______. A. foot B. feet C. foots
( )3.My two brothers are both ______.
A. policeman B. policemans C. policemen
( )4.I can see ten _____ in the picture. A. sheep B. dog C. pig
( )5.The _____ has three______.
A. boys, watches B. boy, watch C. boy, watches
( )6.Can you see _______on the plate? A. bread B. breads C. breades
( )7.The girl often brushes her_____ before she goes to bed.
A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth
( )8.Mr Black often drink some _________.A. milk B.
milks C.milkes
( )9.There are some _____on the floor. A. child B. water C. books
( )10..Lucy will show us some new ____ of hers.
A. photo B. photos C. photoes
( )11. I drank two ______.
A. bottles of water B. bottle of water C. bottles of waters
( )12.The cat eats two _____last night.
A. mouses B. mice C. mouse
( )13.I need a pen and some _____. A. books B. desk C. chair
( )14、Thereon the wall .They are very beautiful.
A. are photoes B. are photos C. is a photo D. is photos
( in the river.
A. is ,fish B. are, fishs C. is, fishs D. are ,fish
( the box.
A. is watch B. are watches C. are watch D. is watches
( twice a day.
A .our tooth B. our tooths C.teeth D.our teeth
( )18.Our _____ room is near the reading room.
A.teacher B.teacher’s C.teachers
( )19.Tom and Jim are ___.
A:friends B:friend C:brother D:sister
( )20.How many_____do they have?
A:picture B: pictures C:a picture
三、用所给的单词的复数的正确形式填空：
1> There are three ______(chair) in the classroom.
2>These _______(tomato) are red.
3>My brother looks after two ______(baby)
4> My father likes to eat _______(potato).
5>Chinese ______(people)like to eat noodles.
6>I have a lot of ______(toy) in my bedroom.
7>I help my mother wash ______(dish) in the kitchen.
8>I have two ______(pencil-box).
9>There are some ______(bus)in the street.
10>Peter has eight _____(foot).
11>Linda has three _______(tooth).
12>There are some ______(child) in the garden.
13>My uncle and father are _____(man).
14>Tom and King are _____(boy).
名词的所有格
名词的所有格是表示名词之间的所有关系,有两种表示形式, 一种是在名词后+'s；另一种是用of, 表示
1. (1) 一般词的所有格, 直接在词尾 +'s。 eg. Mr. Mott's robot, children's clothes
(2) 以s结尾的名词所有格只在词尾 +' eg. teachers' books
(3) 两人共有的物体, 则在第二个名词后+'s; 如果分别是两人所有, 则在每个名词后面 +'s。 eg. Lucy and Lily's room. (指两人共住一个房间)
Mrs Green's and Mrs Brown's son. (指两人各自的儿子)
(4) 表示某具体场所时, 所有格后面的名词可省略
eg. the doctor's (office) Mr. White's
2.(1) 没有生命的事物一般用of 短语来表示所属关系。
eg. the wall of the classroom，a picture of the bedroom，
(2) 名词的的定语较长时,有生命的事物也可用of短语表示。
eg. a long story of a 50-year-old man
(4) 双重所有格 eg. a friend of his, the big nose of Tom's
(5) 有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词，也可以加's来构成所有格。
eg. ten minutes' walk, today's newspaper
例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！
1. They got much _____ from those new books.
A. ideas B. photos C. news D. stories
解析: much 是用来修饰不可数名词的, A B D三个选项均是可是名词的复数形式, C项为不可数名词, 因此选C.
2. I have two _______ and three bottles of _________ here.
A. orange, orange B. oranges, oranges
C. oranges, orange D. orange, oranges
解析: orange 有两种含义, 一种可数名词橘子, 另一种是不可数名词橘汁, 此题第一空应填可数名词, 第二空填不可数名词, 因此选 C。
3. Every evening M r. King takes a _________ to his home .
A. 25 minutes' walk B. 25 minute's walk
C. 25 minute walk D. 25 minutes walk
解析: 句中的 minute应该用其复数的所有格形式,只+',而不能+s,因此选A。
4. An old _______ wants to see you.
A. people B. person C. the people D. the person
解析: person 与people 都有
5. Help yourself to __________.
A. chickens and apples B. chickens and apple
C. chicken and apple D. chicken and apples
解析: chicken 可用作可数名词指小鸡,用作不可数名词指鸡肉,根据词题意应理解为鸡肉;apple为可数名词, 故应+s, 因此选D。
6. Oh, dear. I forgot the two _________.
A. room's number B. rooms' number C. room numbers D. rooms' numbers
解析: room number 房间号码. room可直接用作定语修饰后面的名词 . 类似的还有my phsics teacher, two bus drivers 等. 应选C。
7. She has been in Tianjin for ten years. Tianjin has become her second _________.
A. family B. house C. home D. room
解析: family指的是家庭或是家庭成员; house指的是房子(住所); room 指的是房间;而home 指的是家, 因此选C.
8. ________ mothers couldn't go to the meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai .
A. Mary and Peter's B. Mary and Peter
C. Mary's and Peter D. Mary's and Peter's
解析: 此句中
9. Li Lei has been to __________ many times this month.
A. her uncle B. her uncle's C. her uncles D. aunt's
解析: 此句意为
因此选B。
10. He is a success as a leader but he hasn't ________ in teaching.
A. many experiences B. much experience
C. an experience D. a lot experience
解析: experience 作
11. A classmate of _________ was here ten minutes ago.
A. you B. your C. your sister D. your sister's
解析: 此题考查名词的双重所有格.应选D。
12. A group of _________ are talking with two ___________.
A. Frenchmen, Germans B. Germans ,Frenchmans
C. Frenchmans , Germen D. Germen , Frenchmen
解析: Frenchman 是复合词,其复数形式为 Frenchmen; German 的复数为直接在单词末尾+S, 应选A.
13.The team ________ having a meeting .
A. is B. are C. am D. be
解析: team 是一个集合名词,即可表示复数意义(指整个小组) , 也可指小组中的成员(表示复数), 此题意为后者, 因此选B。
14.
A. drink, Three coffees B. a cup of drink, Coffees
C. a drink, A coffee D. a drink, Three cups of coffees
解析: drink 和coffee是不可数名词, 可以用…of来表示数量, eg, three cups of coffee, 当前面加a 时,则表示
15. The Great Wall was made not only by _______, but also the flesh and blood of ________ men.
A.earth and stone, millions of B. earths and stones, millions
C. the earth and stone, million of D. the earths and stones, millions
解析：earth 是不可数名词，因此删除B D,数以百万的应为millions of .
因此选A。
【练习与巩固】
选择最佳答案：
1． Last night, there was a food accident. The _______ were ill, but no _______ were lost.
A. child, lives B. children, life C. children, lives D. child, life
2. ---This is a photo of _________ when they were young.
---OK, how happy they both looked!
A. my father and mother B. my mother and father's
C. my mother's and father's D.my father's and my mother
3. The new student is in __________ , Grade Two.
A. Class Third B. Third Class C. Class Three D. Three class
4. Today is September 10th. It's __________ Day. Let's go and buy some flowers for our teachers.
A. Teachers B. Teachers' C. the Teachers' D. Teacher's
5. The market isn't far from here. It's only _________ bicycle ride.
A.half an hours' B. half an hour's C. half an hour D. an hour and a half
6. --- What would you like to drink, girls?
--- _________, please.
A.Two cup of coffee B. Two cups of coffe
C. Two cups of coffee D. Two cups of coffees
7. During Christmas, people get together and sing Christmas songs for _________.
A. fun B. wishes C. interest D. thanks
8. Some _________ are flying kites near the river.
A. child B. boy C. boys D. childs
9. After the exam, we'll have________ holiday.
A. two weeks B. two-weeks C. two weeks' D. two week's
10. They are those _________ bags.Please put them on the bus.
A. visitor B. visitors C. visitor's D. visitors'
11.--- How many workers are there in your factory?
--- There are two ___________.
A. hundreds B. hundred C. hundred of D. hundreds of
12. ---What do you think of the _______ the Moonlight Sonata by Beethoven? --- It sounds really wonderful.
A. subject B. music C. book D. animal
13. There is not enough _________ in the corner for the fridge.
A. place B. room C. field D. ground
14. _________ comes from sheep and some people like eating it
A. Wool B. Pork C. Mutton D. Milk
15. If you don't take more ________, you'll get fat.
A. medicine B. lessons C. photos D. exercise
16. My school is about twenty ________ walk from here.
A. minute B. minutes' C. minutes's D. minutes
17. Mum, I have _______ to tell you!
A. a good news B. some good news C. some good newes D. much good news
18. Which is the ________ to the post office?
A. street B. way C. road D. address
19. I stayed at ________ last Sunday.
A. my uncles B. my uncles' C. my uncle's D. my uncle's family
20. Maths ________ not easy to learn.
A. are B. is C. am D. were
1-5 CBCBB 6-10 CACCD 11-15 ABBCD 16-20 BBBCB
I.名词所有格练习.
1. __________________________(李明的父母)work in a big hospital.
2. This is __________________________________(我妹妹的语文书)
3. __________________________________(双胞胎的卧室) are very nice.
4. ______________________________(王平和王明的父亲) is a hotel manager.
5. Is this ___________________________________(你的好朋友的钢笔) ?
6. They are ___________________________________(Peter 和Sam的老师).
7. ___________________________(教师节) is on September 10th .
8. ___________________________________(学生们的桌椅) are very new.
9. We are very happy on ____________________________________(儿童节).
10. He is in _________________________________(老师的办公室) now.
11. Please open ______________________________________(教室的门).
12. ____________________________(赵敏的鞋) are white.
13. _________________________________(林红和张蔚的学校) is big and new.
14. ________________________________(John和Sally的母亲) are American.
15. _____________________________(刘伟的妻子的朋友) is from Guangzhou.
16. ______________________________(Tony哥哥的电脑) is broken.
17. It’s _____________________________(妇女节) on March 8th.
18. Are these ________________________________________(男生们的书包) ?
19. That is _______________________________________(Tom和李雷的教室).
20. ______________________________________(我父亲的和她父亲的朋友) are
from Beijing.
II. 名词复数形式和数词的练习.
1. There are _________________________________(58个学生)in our class.
2. There are ________________________________(65个班级)in our school.
3. I have ____________________________(13本书) in my schoolbag.
4. Are there _______________________________(73套桌椅) in this classroom.
5. There’re ______________________________(27个男生)and _______________________________(31个女生) in my class.
6. There are __________________________________(15台电脑) in that room.
7. My grandma is _______________________________(82岁).
8. There are ________________________________(44位女老师) in her school.
9. There are __________________________(94位男医生) in that big hospital,
10. I can see __________________________________(几只鸟) in the tree.
11. ______________________________(多少幅画) are there in you bedroom ?
12. I have ________________________________(3本字典).
13. Can you see ________________________________(一些风筝) in the sky ?
14. Our school has _________________________________(2个图书馆) .
15. There are ___________________________________(12个月) in a year.
16. Paul’s father is _____________________________________(57岁).
17. There are ______________________________(13辆公共汽车) on the street.
18. We can see __________________________________(18个妇女) over there.
19. There are ___________________________________(22个孩子) in the room.
20. I can see ____________________________________(六杯茶) on the table.
III. 用some和any填空.
1. I have _____________good friends in my class.
2. Is there ____________water in the bottle ?
3. Do you have ____________________money ?
4. They don’t have ______________time to go there.
5. There are ________________cakes on the table.
6. I don’t have __________________milk for breakfast.
7. Does he have ______________brothers or sisters ?
8. There aren’t _____________pictures on the wall.
9. Can I ask ____________________questions ?
10. Are there ________flowers in you classroom ? No, there aren’t _________.
11. We have ____________apples, but we don’t have ____________pears.
12. Is there __________orange juice in the fridge ? Yes, there is ____________.
13. I can speak ____________English, but I can’t speak ___________Russian.
14. Do they have ____________color pencil ? No, they don’t have ___________.
15. There isn’t ____________meat at home. I must go and buy ____________.
16. Is there _____________tea in the cup ? No, there isn’t ____________.
17. I often have _________noodles for lunch. My father has ________rice for it.
18. Can you give me _____________pieces of bread ?
19. There are ____________desks here , but there aren’t _________tables here.
20. Would you like _____________hamburgers to eat ?
IV. 句型转换.
A. 把下列句子变为否定句.
1. My sister can play the piano.
2. Her parents are Chinese teachers.
3. There is some coffee in the cup.
4. There are some trees behind my house.
5. I have some red coats.
6. The boy can sing English songs.
7. These are my books.
8. Her father is a factory worker.
B. 把下列句子变为一般疑问句，并写出肯定和否定回答.
1. Tony can speak some Chinese.
2. My aunt is a secretary.
3. There is some bread in the paper bag.
4. Theses are my shoes.
5. His mother is a university teacher.
6. There are some children in the park.
7. Her parents are doctors in that hospital.
8. Mrs. Brown can cook Chinese food.
9. Those are her toys.
10. There is some coke in the bottle.
C. 对划线部分提问.
1. It’2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. I’D. 用所给的词将下列句子变位选择疑问句.
1.He can speak English .( Japanese).
2.My friend is a girl. ( boy )
3.She is in Class Four. ( Class Five)
4.Peter is from England. ( Australia)
5.I am a teacher . ( manager)
6. My bike is black. ( white)