一般将来时讲解.doc1
一般将来时讲解
一、一般将来时讲解
一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态,或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。常常和表示将来的时间状语连用。如:tomorrow(明天), next week(下周 );in the future(将来)等。 一般将来时由助动词shall(第一人称),will(第二、三人称) 动词原形构成。美国英语则不管什么人称,一律用will。
一般将来时基本句型
肯定句:I/We shall/will go. You/He/She/They Will go. 他们会去的
否定句:I/We shall/will not go. You/He/She/They Will not go. 他们不会去的。
疑问句:Shall I/we go? Will you/he/she/they go? 我/我们去吗?
简略回答:(肯)Yes,主语 shall/will (否) No,主语 shall/will not
特殊疑问句:一般将来时的特殊疑问句是将疑问词放在句首,后接一般疑问句(就主语提问时,以疑问词who开头的疑问词除外) -----
why will you be here on sunday? 为什么你会在这里星期日?
-----I will have a meeting on sunday我星期日有个会议
(对特殊疑问句要进行具体回答)
二、一般将来时结构
1)、常见结构
1、will / shall 动词原形
这种方法一般单纯地表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态。will用于各种人称;shall只用于第一人称。 例如 : I will / shall go to visit him next week. 下周我将去拜访他。
What time shall we go there tomorrow? 明天我们几点去那儿?
2、be going to 动词原形
be going to 相当于一个助动词(其中be有人称和数的变化),与它后面的动词原形一起构成谓语。用来表示近期将要发生的动作或存在的状态,以及计划、安排、打算要做的事。例如: There is going to be a football match this afternoon.今天下午将有一场足球赛。
2)、常用结构
1、用于
Don't worry about the exam. I'm sure you'll pass.
不要担心这次考试,我确信你会通过的。
I wonder what will happen.
我不知道将会发生什么事。
I don't think the test will be very difficult.
我想这次测验不会太难。
2、用于
Work hard and you will succeed.
如果你努力,就会成功的。
Go at once and you will see her.
马上去,你就会见到她了。
3、与表示时间或条件的状语从句连用。
I'll let you know as soon as he arrives.
他一到我就通知你。
If you ask him, he will help you.
如果你请他,他会帮助你的。
三、一般将来时 - 用法 (1)一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或情况。 例如:I will(shall) arrive tomorrow.我明天到。 Will you be free tonight? 你今晚有空吗? We won’t (shan’t) be busy this evening. 我们今晚不忙。 (2)在一般将来时的句子中,有时有表示将来时间的状语,有时没有时间状语,这时要从意思上判断是否指未来的动作或情况。例如: Will she come? 她(会)来吗? We’ll only stay for two weeks. 我们只待两星期。 The meeting won’t last long. 会开不了多久。 (3)在以第一人称I或we作主语的问句中,一般使用助动词shall,这时或是征求对方的意见(a),或是询问一个情况(b): a. Where shall we meet? 我们在哪儿碰头? b. Shall we have any classes tomorrow?明天我们有课吗? 在这类问句中,近年来也有不少人用will,特别是在美国。例如: How will I get there? 我怎么去? (4)be going to 动词原形 a.表示打算、准备做的事。例如: We are going to put up a building here.我们打算在这里盖一座楼。 How are you going to spend your holidays?假期你准备怎样过? b.表示即将发生或肯定要发生的事。例如:I think it is going to snow. 我看要下雪了。 There’s going to be a lot of trouble about this. 这事肯定会有很多麻烦。 一般将来时的句子
一、主语 + be going to + 动词原形
肯定句:I am going to get up.
He is going to get up.
They are going to get up.
否定句:I am not going to get up.
He is not going to get up.
They are not going to get up.
一般疑问句:Are you going to get up?
肯定回答:Yes, I am.
否定回答:No, I’m not.
一般疑问句:Is he going to get up?
肯定回答:Yes, he is.
否定回答:No, he isn’t.
一般疑问句:Are they going to get up?
肯定回答:Yes, they are.
否定回答:No, they aren’t.
二、主语 + will + 动词原形
肯定句:I will get up.
He will get up.
They will get up.
否定句:I will not get up.
He will not get up.
They will not get up.
一般疑问句:Will you get up?
肯定回答:Yes, I will.
否定回答:No, I won’t.
一般疑问句:Will he get up.
肯定回答:Yes, he will.
否定回答:No, he won’t.
一般疑问句:Are they going to get up?
肯定回答:Yes, they are.
否定回答:No, they aren’t.
一般将来时/式(The Simple Future tense)时态定义
be going to表主观的打算
shall和will常常缩写成'll ,紧接在主语之后。其否定式 shall not 和will not 的缩写式分别为 shall't 和 won't。
基本句型
be going to表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。后+动词原形。
be about to+动词原形,意为马上作某事,不能与tomorrow,next week等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
肯定句:I/We shall/will go. You/He/She/They will go.
否定句:I/We shall/will not go. You/He/She/They will not go.
疑问句:Shall/Will we go? Will you/he/she/they go?
简略回答:(肯)Yes,主语shall/will (否) No,主语 shall/will not
特殊疑问句:一般将来时的特殊疑问句是将疑问词放在句首,后接一般疑问句(就主语提问时,以疑问词who开头的疑问词除外)
----- Why will you be here on Sunday?(周日你为什么将要在这儿?)
-----I will have a meeting on Sunday(我将要在周日举行一个聚会)
(对特殊疑问句要进行具体回答)
一般疑问句:be或will提到句首,some改any,and改or,第一二人称互换
We are going to go on an outing this weekend.-------Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?
被动句:will/shall+be+v.ed(及物动词过去分词)
The letter will be sent tomorrow.
这封信明天将寄出去
We shall be punished if we break the rule.
如果我们违反规定,我们将受到惩罚。
注意:will和shall在句子中所表达的“意志”是不同的,当句子主语是第一人称(I)的时候表示的是主语 I 的自主“意志”,很多人可能会问什么是自主意志。那么下面就举个例子:
I will be clear tomorrow . 我会把这件事弄个水落石出(词句有多个意思,这里举此例) 分析:这个句子中用will时,主语 I(我) 就带有强烈的意志,意思是我想让事情水落石出,并且有我会为此付诸努力的意思。当第一人称,用shall的时候就是一个普通的句子,就没有主语的意志。
I shall come back in ten minutes .这句话就是单纯的说 我会在10分钟后回来 没有别的意思
I will come back in ten minutes. 而这句话就有一种意境上的不同。我会在10分钟后回来,其中的意思还有,就算我有事耽搁了我也会想办法在10分钟后回来的意思
shall在第二、三人称时也和will在第一人称一样。也只有在二三人称才带有意志,只不过shall带有的是“说话者”的意志。而不是主语的意志。
如:he shall be rewarded. 他会得到回报 分析这句话更深度的意思,我说过在shall用在第二三人称时有强烈的“说话者”的意志。而这句话的“说话者”意志就是 他会得到回报,就算他没有得到回报“说话者”也会想办法让“he”得到回报。 一般将来时
一般将来时用法:
一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态,其表达形式除了“shall(第一人称),will(第二、三人称)+动词原形构成”外,还有以下几种形式。
一.“be going to+动词原形”表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事。例如: ①It is going to rain. 要下雨了。
②We are going to have a meeting today. 今天我们开会。
二.go, come,start,move,sail,leave,arrive,stay,live,fly,等可用进行时态表示按计划即将发生的动作,例如:
I'm leaving for Beijing.
我要去北京。
三.“be to+动词原形”表示按计划要发生的事或征求对方意见。例如:
①Are we to go on with this work?我们继续干吗?
②The boy is to go to school tomorrow.这个男孩明天要去上学。
四.“be about to+动词原形”表示即将发生的动作,意为:很快,马上。后面一般不跟时间状语。例如:
We are about to leave.我们马上就走。
五.某些词,如come, go, leave, arrive, start, get, stay ,live,fly等的一般现在时也可表示将来。
①The meeting starts at five o'clock.会议五点开始。
②He gets off at the next stop.他下一站下车。
六。“be due to
表达方法
一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。常常与表示将来的时间状语连用。常用的表达形式共有五种,现归纳如下:
一、用will或shall表示。“助动词will或shall+动词原形”这一形式,表示将来发生的事情,用于征求对方的意见或表示客气的邀请。在口语中will用于所有人称,书面语中第一人称常用shall。如:
1. Tomorrow will be Sunday. 明天就是星期天。
2. The rain will stop soon. 雨很快就要停了。
3. Shall we go there at five? 我们五点钟去那儿,好吗?
4. Will you please open the door? 请你把门打开,好吗? 二、用be going to结构表示。“be going to+动词原形”用来表示近期或事先考虑过的将要发生的动作以及已有迹象表明必将发生某事,意为“打算;就要”。如: 1. We're going to meet outside the school gate. 我们打算在校门口见面。 2. Look! It's going to rain. 瞧!快下雨了。 三、用现在进行时表示。表示位置转移的动词(如:go, come, leave, start, arrive等),可用现在进行时表示将来时。如: 1. Uncle Wang is coming. 王叔叔就要来了。 2. They're leaving for Beijing. 他们即将前往北京。 四、用一般现在时表示。根据规定或时间表预计要发生的动作,在时间和条件状语从句中,都可用一般现在时表示将来时。如: 1. The new term starts (begins) on August 29th. 新学期八月二十九日开学。 2. If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go out for a picnic. 如果明天不下雨,我们将出去野餐。 五、用“be+动词不定式”或用“be about to +动词原形”的结构表示。如: 1. He is to visit Japan next year. 明年他将访问日本。 2. They're about to leave. (=They're leaving.) 他们就要走了。 一般将来时练习题
跟踪练习及答案:
( ) 1. There __________ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.
A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to beD. will go to be
( ) 2. Charlie ________ here next month.
A. isn’t working B. doesn’t working C. isn’t going to working D. won’t work
( ) 3. He ________ very busy this week, he ________ free next week.
A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be
( ) 4. There ________ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening.
A. was B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be
( ) 5. –________ you ________ free tomorrow?– No. I ________ free the day after tomorrow. A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be
( ) 6. Mother ________ me a nice present on my next birthday.
A. will gives B. will give C. gives D. give
( ) 7. – Shall I buy a cup of tea for you?–________. (不,不要。)
A. No, you won’t. B. No, you aren’t. C. No, please don’t. D. No, please.
( ) 8. – Where is the morning paper? – I ________ if for you at once.
A. get B. am getting C. to get D. will get
( ) 9. ________ a concert next Saturday?
A. There will beB. Will there be C. There can be D. There are
( ) 10. If they come, we ________ a meeting.
A. have B. will have C. had D. would have
( ) 11. He ________ her a beautiful hat on her next birthday.
A. gives B. gave C. will giving D. is going to giving
( ) 12. He ________ to us as soon as he gets there.
A. writes B. has writtenC. will write D. wrote
( ) 13. He ________ in three days.
A. coming back B. came back C. will come back D. is going to coming back
( ) 14. If it ________ tomorrow, we’ll go roller-skating.
A. isn’t rain B. won’t rain C. doesn’t rain D. doesn’t fine
( ) 15. – Will his parents go to see the Terra Cotta Warriors tomorrow? – No, ________ (不去).
A. they willn’t. B. they won’t. C. they aren’t. D. they don’t.
( ) 16. Who ________ we ________ swimming with tomorrow afternoon?
A. will; go B. do; go C. will; going D. shall; go
( ) 17. We ________ the work this way next time.
A. do B. will doC. going to do D. will doing
( ) 18. Tomorrow he ____ a kite in the open air first, and then ____ boating in the park.
A. will fly; will goB. will fly; goesC. is going to fly; will goes D. flies; will go
( ) 19. The day after tomorrow they ________ a volleyball match.
A. will watching B. watches C. is watchingD. is going to watch
( ) 20. There ________ a birthday party this Sunday.
A. shall be B. will beC. shall going to be D. will going to be
( ) 21. They ________ an English evening next Sunday.
A. are having B. are going to have C. will having D. is going to have
( ) 22. ________ you ________ free next Sunday?
A. Will; are B. Will; be C. Do; be D. Are; be
( ) 23. He ________ there at ten tomorrow morning.
A. will B. is C. will be D. be
( ) 24. ________ your brother ________ a magazine from the library?
A. Are; going to borrow B. Is; going to borrowC. Will; borrows D. Are; going to borrows
( ) 25. – Shall I come again tomorrow afternoon? –________ (好的).
A. Yes, please B. Yes, you will. C. No, please. D. No, you won’t.
( ) 26. It ________ the year of the horse next year.
A. is going to be B. is going to C. will be D. will is
( ) 27. ________ open the window?
A. Will you please B. Please will you C. You please D. Do you
( ) 28. – Let’s go out to play football, shall we? – OK. I ________.
A. will coming B. be going to come C. come D. am coming
( ) 29. It ________ us a long time to learn English well.
A. takes B. will take C. spends D. will spend
( ) 30. The train ________ at 11.
A. going to arrive B. will be arrive C. is going to D. is arriving作业
一、单项选择。
( ) 1. The day after tomorrow they ________ a volleyball match.
A. will watching B. watches C. is watching D. is going to watch
( ) 2. There ________ a birthday party this Sunday.
A. shall be B. will be C. shall going to be D. will going to be
( ) 3. They ________ an English evening next Sunday.
A. are having B. are going to haveC. will having D. is going to have
( ) 4. ________ you ________ free next Sunday?
A. Will; are B. Will; be C. Do; be D. Are; be
( ) 5. He ________ there at ten tomorrow morning.
A. will B. is C. will be D. be
( ) 6. ________ your brother ________ a magazine from the library?
A. Are; going to borrow B. Is; going to borrow C. Will; borrows D. Are; going to borrows
二、动词填空。
1. I am afraid there ______(be)a meeting this afternoon. I can’t join you.
2. Mike ______(believe, not)this until he ______(see)it with his own eyes.
3. Most of us don’t think their team ______(win).
三、句型转换。
1. China is a modern and strong country.(in twenty years)
2. Do you study hard?(from now on)
3. She didn’t speak English at the meeting.(before long)
The keys:二、动词填空。
1. will be 2. won’t believe ; sees 3. will win
三、句型转换。
1. China will be a modern and strong country in twenty years.
2. Will you study hard from now on?
3. She won’t speak English at the meeting before long.