高达美之前判断诠释学循环与完满性先把握底研究

高達美之前判斷詮釋學循環與完滿性先把握底研究

Gadamer’s Hermeneutical Circle of Prejudies and

the Fore-conception of Completeness

指導教授：陸 敬 忠 博士

研 究 生：董 恩 光

中 文 摘 要

高達美之詮釋學循環理論是前判斷與文本以一種問與答的形式作為理解存有者與文本之間的對話模式，理解存有者以一種對話的模式對文本進行理解與解釋。而在理解存有者與文本之間形成對話模式的核心理論即是「前判斷詮釋學循環」理論，尤其以「完滿性底先把握」這一所有詮釋學的公理為主。因理解存有者與文本的對話是由相互競爭的「先把握」開始，理解存有者對文本進行理解，必先提出正確符合於事理的「預期」，而後針對此預期進行修正，在修正過程中遂又對文本進行體納，以如此給予與獲得方式對文本之理解，其中皆以引導與指導對事理的理解之「完滿性底先把握」為其基本前提條件。

本文旨在探討從「前判斷詮釋學循環」到「完滿性底先把握」理論的發展脈絡，透過對高達美在《真理與方法》一書裡〈詮釋學循環和前判斷問題〉到〈時代間距的詮釋學意義〉之文本分析，藉由施萊馬赫、海德格、高達美等的詮釋學循環等詮釋學理論之對話，研究「完滿性底先把握」在詮釋學理論的優先性，並且探討「前判斷詮釋學循環」與「完滿性底先把握」兩者之間理解與詮釋的關係，進而深究發展高達美之「完滿性底先把握」詮釋學理論。

關鍵字：完滿性先把握、理解、偏見、詮釋學循環、事理、客體性精神、經典型、

前判斷、問與答的辯証、傳統、流傳物、歷史性、歸屬性

Abstract

Hans Georg Gadamer ’s hermeneutic circle employs the form of question and answer as a model of dialogue between the Understanding-being and the text: the Understanding-being understands and interprets the text through a model of dialoque. Most central to the formation of a dialogic model between the Understanding-being and the text is “the hermeneutical circle of prejudies” , in which an axiom of all hermeneutics:“the Fore-conception of completeness” plays a major role. The dialogue between the Understanding-being and the text begins with rival “fore-conceptions ” : one needs first to raise a “fore-conception ” which exists within the text, then provides an revise to appropriate this text, and in the process to the text. The understanding of the text is understand the subject matter in such a “conduct and direct ” form, which presupposes the foundamental condition of “the Fore-conception of completeness.”

The thesis aims to explore the development from “the hermeneutical circle of prejudies ” the theory of “the Fore-conception of completeness ”. Through a textual analysis of these two concepts in Gadamer ’s Truth and Method , from “The hermeneutic circle and the problem of prejudices ” to “The hermeneutic significance of temporal distance ”, in which the dialogues with hermeneutical theories such as Schleiermacher, Heidegger, Gadamer’s hermeneutical circle, the thesis is devoted to studying the priority of “the Fore-conception of completeness ” for hermeneutic theory. It also explores the relationship between “the hermeneutical circle of prejudies ” and “the Fore-conception of completeness ” with respect to understanding and interpretation, and then proceeds to develop further Gadamer ’s hermeneutic theory of “the Fore-conception of completeness”.

Keywords: the Fore-conception of completeness; understanding; prejudies; the hermeneutical circle; subject matter; objective spirit; classics; pre-understanding; the dialectic of question and answer; tradition; historicity; belongingingness;