初中英语阅读理解解题技巧与解题思路

一、中考阅读理解语篇选材

A、运用文

B、科技文

C、教育文

D 、新闻或重大时事

E 、故事性或哲理性文章 中考阅读理解解题技巧

A

Here is a mark table about the students ’ English competition. Find some useful

41. is the most humorous of all the four groups.

A . Group One B . Group Two C . Group Three D . Group Four

42. Group Two spoke as as Group Four.

A . clearly B . quickly C . freely D . loudly

43. Group Two did worst in “ ”.

A . Answer quickly B . Speak freely

C . Speak clearly D . Co-operate well

44. According to the table, which of the following is NOT true?

A . Group Three is the winner of the competition.

B . Group One did as well as Group Four in “Answer quickly”.

C . All groups did best in “Speak loudly” of all the items.

D . The average of Group Two is 5 marks less than that of Group Three. CADB

B

Now QQ coins are popular among Chinese teenagers. People use real money to buy Web money. Then they buy clothes for their online characters or services for their online pets with it. And these fancy things will cost QQ fans more in the future.

The government will put a tax of 3% online sales. For example, if QQ users pay 100 yuan for 110 QQ coins, they will have to spend 103yuan in the future. The extra three yuan is tax.

Beijing was the first city to carry out the policy. Online games have to pay the tax, too. A number of players make money by spending a lot of time on the games to gain powers, and then selling them on.

Experts said that online trade grew fast. There is more than 10 billion yuan of real money in online trade a year in China.

However, the government's new move has become a hot topic among Internet users around the country. In a survey by Sina.com more than 70% of about 3,000 surveyed were against it. They said that the tax is too much.

But supporters said the government's better management of the Internet would help it become healthier. They believe the new move would help stop online identity theft.(账号偷窃).

C

Almost all people like flowers. Some people like flowers because of their smells, shapes, colors and so on. Others like flowers because they think different flowers mean different things.

Flowers have their own language. For example, red roses mean “love” and sunflowers mean

“loyalty ”（忠诚）.So people in more than 100 countries have chosen their own national flowers which say something about their countries’ spirit. In 1994, China talked about choosing a national flower. Some people liked the peony（牡丹）but others liked the plum blossom（梅花）.They couldn’t agree with each other. So it has not been decided yet.

People like to buy different flowers in different seasons. Where do all the beautiful flowers in shops come from? They may come from far away, so their price is higher.

a. Farmers grow flowers in their fields.

b. Planes or trains or buses take the flowers to different places.

c. Flower shopkeepers buy flowers from the flower markets. They look

at the flowers and throw away the broken or bad ones. They cut the

flowers to make them more beautiful.

d. You go to buy the flowers in the shops. When you buy a flower,

you’re paying lots of people: the farmer, the driver of the plane or train

or bus. The seller in the flower market and the flower shopkeeper.

So you’d better keep your flowers from far away for a long time.

But how? Why not dry them? It’s easy! Sand drying is a way. Dry,

clean sand is one of the oldest things for drying flowers. And it’s one

of the cheapest.

·Fill a box half-way with sand.

·Put the flowers on top of the sand.

·Put the box in a warm, dry place.

·Leave the flowers there for one to three weeks.

·Take them out and they will be dry.

47. People usually choose their own “national flower” according to the flower’s __________.

A. smell B. shape C.color D. meaning

48. The Chinese national flower has not been decided yet, because .

A. no flower can show China’s spirit

B. China hasn’t talked about choosing one

C. nobody agrees to choose the national flower

D. people can’t agree to choose the same flower

49. You’d better keep your flowers for a long time, because .

A. the flowers are easy to dry

B. the farmer will also ask you to pay

C. the flowers are expensive to buy

D. the shopkeeper has made them more beautiful

50. Sand drying is everything here in the following but .

A. easy B. clean C. old D. cheap 47. D 48. D 49. C 50. B

D

Did you watch the magic shows played by Liu Qian from Taiwan in the 2009 CCTV Spring Festival Gala(春节联欢晚会)? They attracted great attention and wide interests of the audience(观众). During the gala, Liu managed to drop a coin into a glass which was placed upside down(倒置) and a finger ring into an egg. The two magic shows were so successful that everyone is now mad about him and all want to know how to play magic tricks.“I saw the surprise on everyone’s face. It was cool.”Liu said.

However ,you may not believe that Liu didn’t go to any magic school . He just learned by himself . When Liu was seven , he saw a coin trick in a big store. At that moment Liu decided to learn magic . He worked hard at it. He practiced hard to improve his skills . Then one day he was able to put on a show for his class.

After years of hard work, now Liu is a great magician . But he isn’t satisfied with what he has got and keeps on trying every day . He may spend three years working out a new show.

44．

Liu Qian becomes famous ________.

A ．because he is from Taiwan B ．for his magic shows

C ．only in Taiwan D ．when he was seven

45．According to the passage, we can use the following words to describe Liu Qian EXCEPT

________.

A ．creative B ．hardworking C ．satisfied D ．wise

46．What does the underlined word“transfer”mean?

A ．制作 B ．进入 C ．输入 D ．转移 44.B 45. C 46. D

E

This is an old Mexican story that grandparents like to tell their grandchildren.

Long long ago, there was a great fire in the forests that covered the earth. People and animals started to run, trying to run away from the fire. The owl(猫头鹰) was one of them. But when he noticed a small bird hurrying back and forth between the nearest river and the fire, he went over to have a look at it.

He noticed that it was the Quetzal bird(绿咬鹃). He was running to the river and picking up small drops of water with his beak(喙), then returning drops onto the fire. The owl cried to the Quetzal bird,"What are you doing, brother? Are you stupid? You're not going to get anything by doing this. Run for your life!" The Quetzal bird stopped for a moment, looked at the owl, and answered, " I'm doing the best I can with what I have."

In the end, the forests of the earth were saved from the great fire by a small Quetzal bird, an owl, and the many other animals and people who got together to put out the fire.

Therefore, never give up just because a man's strength is too weak . If you keep on doing it, maybe there will be more people joining you, all the strength is immeasurable(不可估量的).

48. What did the owl want to do at first when he faced the big fire in the forests? 二、中考阅读理解题型设置

A 、表层理解题—文中直接给出，答案一目了然。

B、深层理解题—文中没有给出，但隐隐约约有所提及。可能出现的题型如下： 计算题：判断正误题等。

C、逻辑推理题---根据课文的内容进行合理的推理而得出一个最合理的答案，常以根据上下文推测某个单词的意思、推出某个合理的结论等等。

D、归纳总结题—给文章加一个标题、归纳文章的大意等等。

E 、评价题---你认为文中的人物是怎样一个人；作者的某种观点是怎样的态度等。请看下列文章

Dear Hannah,

I am 16 years old and a high school student. I enjoy school, get good grades, and have a close group of friends. My problem is with my best friend, Lisa. We are in all the same classes and we used to always help each other study. Recently, however, she is very competitive(竞争的) with me. Lisa always wants to compare our grades, and gets upset if my grades are better. Next week, we have an English exam and she doesn’t want to study with me.

She has become so competitive, and I don’t l know what to do. I don’t want to lose our friendship, but at the same time I don’t want to compete with her anymore. What should I do?

Yours,

Sang-mi

Dear Sang-mi,

You can talk with her and explain that you really enjoy her friendship but you are uncomfortable when she compares grades. Continue to do the best you can with your own grades and studies. Let Lisa enjoy her good grades, and you should enjoy yours too. Hopefully, Lisa will respect your friendship and you’ll feel more comfortable.

Yours,

Hannah

1、From the letters, we can know Sang-mi and Lisa are _________.

A. brothers and sisters B. teacher and student C. friends D. doctor and patient

2. Sang-mi feels unhappy these days because _______________.

A . she didn’t receive a letter from her friend Lisa

B. she has some problems with her best friend Lisa C . she didn’t do well in her study

D. she has already lost her friendship with Lisa.

3. From the letter, we know _________________.

a. Sang-mi is a high school student b. Sang-mi gets good grades c. Sang-mi is afraid to make friends d. Sang-mi has a close group of friends e. Sang-mi doesn’t want to solve the problems with Lisa.

A. a,b,c B. a, b, d C. b, c, e D. c, d, e

4. The word “upset ” in the sentence “ Lisa always wants to compare our grades, and gets upset if my grades are better.” probably means “___________.”

A. excited B. tired C. surprised D. unhappy

5. According to the letters, what would you do if you were Song-mi?

A.I would quarrel (吵架)with Lisa B. I would not make friends with Lisa any more

C. I would have a heart-to-heart talk with Lisa D. I would leave Lisa alone

6. Which is NOT right according to the letters?

A. Sang-mi and Lisa used to get on well with each other.

B. Sang-mi and Lisa study in the same class.

C. Hannah told Sang-mi to do the best with her own grades and studies.

D. Sang-mi thinks it’s easy to keep the friendship, though Lisa has become so competitive, 三、应用文解题方法：

1、考前先读题---带问题读，有的放矢。

2、运用排除法，排除干扰项。

3、运用细节，合理进行计算。

4、不忘记阅读应用文的开头和结尾。

A Bayfield shopping Coupons Bayfield （购物券） C. get some stamps free D. get another shirt free

2. Buy one tie at Daniel’s Menswear, you may get another free.

A. cheaper tie B. more expensive tie C. tie of the same price D. another skirt

3. You can get a 10% discount on any books if you at the Book Store.

A. buy some gifts B. buy some tickets

C. show this coupon D. buy some books

4. If John pays 10 dollars for a full-price movie ticket on Tuesdays; he can buy a second ticket for only .

A. 5 dollars B. 10 dollars C. 15 dollars D. 20 dollars

B

A. men B. parents C. children D. women

2. Many pictures in the book “Learning How to Learn” can_____________.

A. make the book beautiful B. make the children draw beautifully

C. make the book sell well D. make the children understand the book easily

3.If you buy the three books on June 18, 2008, you will have to pay about __________for them．

A. $98.49 B. $49.25 C. $80.99 D. $79.24

四、做其他类阅读理解要注意的常规问题：

1．要判断出所给文章的类别，根据各类文章的性质，在开始阅读后有意识地着重去掌握和记住某些关键的内容和词汇。这样既抓住了要害，又节省了时间，避免了在若干细节及无关全局的问题上纠缠。初中阶段，碰到的主要是记叙文。如果是故事或传记，就应特别注意找出主要人物、事件发生的时间、地址，主要情节及最后结局。故事传记主要地叙述主人公的主要特征，他与其他重要人物之间的关系，也应同时记住。新闻报导、史地知识介绍，往往是一个一事的介绍，比故事、传记要简单，但也离不开记叙文的基本特点，对于上述要求它们同样适用，而新闻报导特别强调时间性、准确性，因此要搞清时间、地点和数字。

2．解题时，不要边看问题边从文中查找答案。因为用这种方法难以提高阅读理解的效果，尤其对地深层理解的文章。应浏览全文，了解全文的概貌，看完后，应记住文章的要点，重要的结论以及一些关键性的人名、地点、定义和数字（不同的人名、地点可用铅笔在试卷上分别打上不同的记号，以便查找）

3．要注意找出主题句，利用主题句来查找有关信息。一般说来，论述性较强的文章或说明文、每一段或相关的几段里总有一句话是主题句。读了主题句后，便能知道这一段大致的中心内容，因为主题句概括了全段的主要内容，而该段其余的句子则是用来阐述或说明主题句的。有些趣味性、讽刺性、幽默性较强的文章，在文章结尾的时候，一句道破天，使我们对文章下子全明了。得出全文的主意和作者的意途。

4．一定要掌握好解题速度，有效地控制考试时间，先易后难是考试时答题的一般方法，碰到难题时，千万不要钻牛角尖，耽误太多时间。一时做不出的题，要果断舍弃，以免影响解别的较有把握的题，待全部题解完后，如有剩余时间再回来做放弃的题。

5．对于一般不影响句子或全文理解的生词不达意，可以放过去不必务求理解。遇到重要生词时，不要着急，也不要轻易放弃，我们可以采取根据上下文来猜词或根据构词法来猜词等方法来猜出这个词的大致意思。

6．有的学生要“顺读法”，就是先读短文，后读题目，然后再读短文寻找正确答案。有的学生采用“倒读法”，就是先读题（四个选项不读）后读短文，最后寻找答案。“倒读法”不失为一种很好的阅读方法，因为这种阅读方法是带着问题阅读，目的明确，容易集中，能及时抓住文中与解题关系密切的信息，从而节省了阅读时间。“倒读法”对表层理解的题目（提问时间、地点、原因等）效果最好。对深层理解的题目要从短文的整体内容出发，进行概括和总结，分析所提供选项，做出准确的判断。

总之，解答这类题的中心步骤就是阅读，既要阅读短文，又要阅读题目阅读时要注意阅读技艺，提高阅读效率。在做到以上几点的基础上，就可对文章后面所给的问题，分析用“一次判断”逐个分析，以及“排除法”等方式来进行判断解答了。

五、具体做法 1、快速阅读全文，了解文章大意

每碰到一篇文章，首先，要快速浏览全文，了解文章大意，对文章的内容和结构获得总体印象。注意语境和相关的提示，为解题做好准备。然后，根据文章的内在逻辑意义，贯穿文章始终的主要线索以及作者行文的方向，把握文章的整体脉络，从而做出最终的判断。学生在解题时千万不要急于选择答案，这样做不利益学生对整篇文章理解，同时? 对局部内容易出现错误选择。其次，要带着以下几个方面的问题去阅读：1.who 短文中的主要人物；2．when 短文中事情所发生的时间：3．where 短文中事情发生的地点：4．what 发生什么事；5why 发生的原因；6．how 怎样解决问题。

2、在了解文章的基础上，抓住首尾句

在阅读时要特别注意文章的第一句和最后一句，因为他们往往是文章的主题句，是全文的中心所在。有时候也会出现在段中，少数情况下，短文中没有具体的主题句，这就需要读者自己归纳。如果短文包括几个自然段，阅读时应该特别注意第一段和最后一段，因为，文章的主旨通常出现在这两个位置。对于出现一些生词，要根据文章的上下文、逻辑意义、整体脉络和文化背景知识猜测词义。如Last Sunday，She went to the theatre．She had a good seat．The play was very interesting ．The old 根据上下文中的seat, play阅读时猜出theatre 的词义是“剧院”。man put on his spectacles and began to read．根据常识，我们可以猜出“spectacles”意思是“眼镜”。

3、认真、仔细、逐步答题

对整篇短文内容有了很深的了解后，要马上看短文后的问题，带着问题去选择或判断答案。要确定所需查找的信息范围，并注意所查找信息的特点。例如：如果问题或选项涉及到人名、地名，就应该找首字母大写的单词；如果问题或选项涉及时间、日期、数字，就应该寻找具体的数据。另外还要注意试题难易，应暂时绕开那些少数较难的题目，先做最有把握、最熟悉的题目，也就是该类题可以直接或间接从文章中找到的。而对于那些要通过对文章归纳判断、逻辑推理的

题目，需要再对全文快速阅读，仔细分析思考，反复比较、推敲选出正确答案。

4、平心静气，不急不躁，细心检查，避免疏漏

在做完所有题目后，不可孤立地检查每个小题。应该遵循由整体到部分，再由部分到整体的理解文章的规律，再次耐心地复读全文，使自己对全文意思的理解程度会更清楚，如果发现怀疑的答案，不要随意改动，一定要从原文中找到依据，才能改正，不可草率了事。

阅读理解是对考生英语水平的综合测试，要想取得好成绩，除了运用必的解题技巧之外，考生应更注重平时语言知识的积累，扩大知识面，逐步提高自己阅读理解能力。

请阅读下列例文： Man has a brain(大脑) ．He can think，learn and speak．Scientists once thought that men are different from animals because they can think and learn．So scientists are beginning to understand that men are different animals because they can speak. Animals cannot speak．They make noises when they are afraid or angry． Ape(猿

人)can understand some things more quickly than human，one or two have learned a few words．But they are still different from us．They cannot．Join words and make sentences ．They cannot think like us because they have no language．They can never think about the past or the future．Language is a wonderful thing．Man has been able to build a modern world because he has language．Every child can speak his own language very well when he is four or five，but no animal learns to speak．How do children learn? Scientists do not really know what happens when we speak? scientists do not know either．They only know that man can speak because he has a big brain． 1．In what way are men different from animals? A ．Men can understand things quickly．B ．Men can learn． C ．Men have learned to use language．D ．Men have brains． 2．What is the thing an ape cannot do? A ．Making noises ． B ．Understanding things． C ．Learning words． D ．Speaking like a man． 3．Scientists now know_________. A ．how children learn to speak B ．why apes can learn a few words C ．what happens when men speak D．man's brain helps him to learn to speak 4．What is this article mainly about? A ．Ape's language． B ．Man's brain and language． C ．Human brain． D ．Animals learning 5．Apes cannot join words．The word “join” is close in meaning to A ．put together B ．mix C ．get D ．from

解析：

1.C 根据短文中第三句话，人与动物区别，是因为人会讲话而动物不能讲话。

排除干扰项D ．

2．D 根据短文中句子“Ape can understand something and words and

make sentences a few words ．But they can not join word and

make sentences ．”从而不难看出猿人不能像人一样能讲话．

3．D 根据短文中最后一句”科学家们唯一知道人能够说话是因为人有一个大

脑．”也可用排除法来判断选出．即科学家们不知道：“孩子怎样学说话，猿人为什么只能学会少数几个单词，人们讲话时会发生什么”．

4．B 从整篇短文中，不难发现，自始至终都在得到人的大脑和语言运用，以及人会思考、学习、讲话。故选B 答案。

5．A 根据“Apes can't join words and make sentences ．”猿人不可能把字连起

来造句子，从而排除干扰项B ”mix" "混合，搀和”C和D 与事实不符，故选A ．

六、阅读中常见的推理

1、透过词义进行推理

阅读是一种高度积极主动的创造性行为，是读者根据自己已知的信息、已有的知识和经验对信息进行筛选、分类和解释的过程，是读者通过语篇这一媒介与作者相互作用的交际行为。作者在写文学作品时，往往用文字把主旨和大意，以及主旨和大意的事实、细节通过文章体现出来，在更深层含义中包括着他的态度、意图和思想。为了达到和作者进行相互作用的交际目的，在阅读推理中，读者不仅应该了解作者文学作品的体裁，而且还要仔细领会文章中文字的巧妙运用，从字里行间中领悟出作者的思想意图，透过表面意思去深刻理解文章的背景与人物，通过暗示性描写推断出人物特征，人物形象以及文章内容涉及到的时间和地点。

例如：The husband treated his wife dishonestly.在没有上下文的情况下，可以利用构词法分析“dishonestly ”的含义。“honest ”是词根或词干亦是常用词，意为

“诚实的”。“dis-”是表示否定意义的前缀。“ly_”放在形容词后是帮助构成副词的后缀，故dishonestly 的意思是“不诚实的”。

又如：As I took her almost weightless body in my hand and carried it out to the grass, I left a true sadness. She had given me much. She had stirred my imagination and opened a window on a world.

从上面这段文字中不难看出，作者失去了“她”，但从“her weightless body”和“ carried it out”了解到，“她”不可能是指人，又从“She had stirred my imagination and opened a window on a world” 一句看出，“她”可能是作者非常喜爱的、曾具有生命的小宠物。的确，这是一位美国人在痛失“爱鼠”后写下的一段文字。

2、依据行为进行推理

在许多文章中，作者往往通过文字对人的行为进行描述，让行为在文章中进行着另外一种表述，让读者在阅读中推断出它包涵着的更深层含义。在阅读到这类文章时，学生应该多加注意与人物动作相关的词，理解和体会每个动作的确切含义，把握行为动作先后，真正体会作者在文章中所要表达的思想和意图。 例如：John Brown was driving home late last night from an boring business trip.在这个句子里，“from business trip”可推断John 可能是商人，因为他刚出差回来，John 一定很累了，因为这是个exhausting （令人疲倦的）trip. “„driving home late last night” 也暗示了他一定很想回家，因为他在很晚的时候还驾车回去。

再如：When the phone finally rang, he leaped from the edge of his chair and grabbed for it. 在这个句子里，“finally ”一词表明“他”在等这个电话已经很久了。从动作“leaped ”和“grabbed ”来看，句中隐藏着“他”的不安和焦急。“他”在接电话前是坐在“the edge of his chair”。这也暗示了“他”的烦躁情绪和期待的心情。读者可以由此推断出这个电话非常重要。

3、在阅读训练中培养语言推理能力

推理是人们在日常生活中所具备的一种能力，这种能力的大小视个人生活经验的积累而定。在阅读训练中，需要很多有效的阅读技巧，正确地进行推理就是其中之一。推理不是盲目的推理，而是要结合所得到的信息做出合理的判断，在推理过程中，读者应根据正确的证据做出正确的决定，简单地说，就是在已知的基础上对未知的内容做出陈述，使预想力结合已知条件进行有效推测。在日常生活中，我们经常有这样的推理。例如：你对朋友招手问好，她没有反应。推断：她在生气，心烦，或者没有听见、看见你；你看到一位全身血迹斑斑的人。推断：他与人打架或出什么事了；你听到电视播放熟悉的音乐。推断：即将要播放什么节目。以上这些情况，我们都是根据已知条件做出自己认为正确的判断的。一个人如果推理能力较弱或者没有推理能力的话，他就会对生活的微妙之处反应迟钝，就不可能交流，不可能理解或被理解，也就无法解释或者说明理解许多较深的事情。同样，在对语言推理方面，对语言微妙之处反应迟钝的读者，不可能真正理解或欣赏他所读的东西。就单词而言：例如：“beautiful ”，“pretty ”，“lovely ”及“charming ”这几个英语单词，如果学生无法区分这些词的细微含义，那么，对他们来说，这些单词的词义仅仅是“nice ”，而不再有其他的意思。阅读理解强的读者，能根据语篇提供的线索把这些词义理解到位，真正理解作者的思想意图。“beautiful ”意思是“漂亮”，属于褒义词，指能带来满足的最高尚的和精神的美，包括温柔、可爱、优美诸因素。“pretty ”指逗人喜欢的人或物的精致优雅，小巧，娇嫩等属性，有女子气及小巧俏皮的含义。“lovely ”指凡吸引人的视、听、嗅、触四觉的，引起喜悦、赞赏的人或物，尤指外貌外形的美，不包括品德。“charming ”指女子的妩媚，妖艳，迷人。再如：短语“remember to do sth. ”意思是“记住要做某事”，暗含这件事情还没有做。而“remember doing sth.”则表示“记得做了某事”。可以这样说，阅读能力强的读者对文章词汇的隐含之

意是敏感的，在阅读过程中，他不仅会从字里行间、句中的每个词去发现文章的含义，而且还会透过文章的表面推出更深的意思，做到完全透彻地理解所读的内容。

4、运用联想提高阅读推理能力

在阅读中，合理的联想对进行正确的判断推理起着重要的作用。就英语单词来说，它有固定的词典意义，也有通过文章让读者感受到的联想意义，对词典意义和联想意义了解的如何直接影响推理。所有的单词至少有一个总的词典意义，但有的时候，这个词由于句子或文章上下文的需要会出现另一层意义，即超出词典定义之外的含义——联想意义。我们都知道，一个词的确切含义取决于词义引起的想象与联想以及我们读者对这种想象与联想做出的反应。例如：英语单词“cover ”，通常学生接触的意思是“覆盖，遮盖”，但在下例句中却是另一种含义。The major editor asked the reporter to cover the events happened in that

hospital. 根据全句含义，读者会联想出单词“cover ”是“调查，报道”之意，从而做出正确的判断。又如：“Tom and his wife are living a cat and dog life.”“cat ”和“dog ”放在一起，让人联想到“吵闹，不得安宁”，通过词的联想到全句的理解，作者可以推断出“汤姆和他妻子过着吵吵闹闹的生活”。一般情况下词典并未给出联想意义，这需要读者根据材料所给信息进行合理联想。因此，在记忆单词时，不仅要记住它的词典原义，而且要进行大量的语言实践活动，根据文章内容展开合理联想，在阅读中灵活运用所学词汇，不断探索、发现、创新，从而进一步完善和提高阅读推理能力。

综上所述，我们阅读的很多文章都包含着推理，不具备推理能力的读者是不可能真正读懂文章意思、了解作者的思想意图，也不可能和作者相互作用进行交际，领悟文章的内涵的。因此，推理在我们阅读判断中起着极其重要的作用。为了更好地培养和提高阅读推理能力，除了培养学生养成“用脑思考”的习惯，要求学生在阅读过程中如遇到生词，要从整句意思和上下文意思考虑，推测生词含义，切不可一见生词就查字典，要求学生阅读时要深入分析，挖掘隐含意义，从而推断文章没有直说的意思。还必须确定作者的立场和作者写作的原因，分析作者在文章中描述的全部信息，注意区分单词的词典意义和联想含义，透过字面意义，从字里行间对文章上下进行深入思考，认真分析，这样才能理解作者的意图，对文章做出合理而准确的判断，这样才能真正有效地掌握好语言、运用好语言，达到语言用于交际的目的。

七、主旨大意题解题策略

中考英语阅读理解的主旨大意题主要是考查考生在理解全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维的方法对文章进行高度的概括或总结的能力。常见的设问方式有：

●标题类：What's the best title/headline for the passage？

●大意类：The text is mainly about. The topic/subject discussed in the passage is _ . From the passage，we can conclude that _ . ●作者意图类：What's the writer's purpose in writing the passage？

针对主旨大意类型的题，考生可以掌握以下解题策略：把握文章逻辑结构，快速找出主题；寻找主题句，确定文章中心思想；将首段中心句和各段第一句话连接成一个整体，得出文章主题；逆向思维法解标题类问题。

1、把握文章逻辑结构，快速找出主题 中考阅读理解文章的主要逻辑结构：

1）、时间顺序。按时间先后顺序说明某一事件、某一理论的发展过程，属于这种结构的文章主题通常在首段或末段。

2）、“总说-分述”结构。首段做总的说明，其他段落分别说明或具体论述首段的观点，属于这种结构的文章主题在首段。最典型的是新闻报道类文章，此类体裁的文章在近年高考阅读中逐渐增多。

3）、“分述-总说”结构。前面几段分别说明，末段总结。属于这种结构的文章主题在末段。

2、寻找主题句，确定文章中心思想 不是所有的文章都有主题句，对于大部分有主题句的文章来说，主题句表达了文章的中心思想，找到了主题句，也就抓住了文章的主旨大意。主题句呈现的形式有： 1）、在文首。文章开门见山，提出主题，随后摆事实、讲道理来解释、支撑和发展主题句所表达的主题思想。2）、在文中。通常前面只提出问题，随之陈述细节引出主题，而后做进一步的解释、支撑或发展。3) 、在文尾。在表述细节后，归纳要点，得出结论，以概括主题。

Malaria, the world's most widespread parasitic(寄生虫引起的) disease, kills as many as three million people every year—almost all of whom are under five, very poor, and African. In most years, more than five hundred million cases of illness result from the disease, although exact numbers are difficult to assess because many people don't (or can't) seek care. It is not unusual for a family earning less than two hundred dollars a year to spend a quarter of its income on malaria treatment, and what they often get no longer works. In countries like Tanzania, Mozambique, and the Gambia, no family, village, hospital, or workplace can remain unaffected for long. 不难看出，文章第一句是主题句，后面的句子都是围绕着这个句子展开说明补充。

3、将首段中心句和各段第一句话连接成一个整体，得出文章主题 通常有些文章会在首段提出一个重要论点，随后在各段分别进一步从不同角度继续阐述，这样我们可以找出首段的中心句，再将其和各段第一句串联在一起，就可以得出文章的中心思想。

4、逆向思维法解标题类问题 针对这类题型，考生不妨思考一下，“如果我是作者，遇到这样的标题，文章应该怎样写？通过逆向思维，我们就能确定文章的主旨。

八、细读文章，注意文章细节理解

除了主旨题以外，细节理解题也是阅读理解题中的基础题，主要考查学生对文中的具体事例、数字、情节、人物等的理解。经常出现排序题（按事情发展顺序排序）、图表题（按文章内容找出正确图形）、正误题（依据文章内容对所列的陈述进行正误判断）如：Which of the following statements is TRUE/WRONG? 对于这种题型，同学们必须细读文章，对文章的内容和细节做到胸有成竹，对事态的发生、发展有深入的了解，才能动手选择答案。同学们必须知道，作者提出了一话题以后，定会花很大的篇幅围绕这一主题展开细节，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础，因此不可忽视。但记住无论细节题如何变化形式，立足点都应是从文章中找出相应词句作为依据。

九、理解文章结构，掌握作者意图

英语文章讲究使用主题段与主题句，段与段之间通常有过渡词语连接，承上启下，使文章行文连贯。有时文章还会在时间顺序、空间顺序或逻辑推理上运用较高级的组篇手段。如果希望准确、深刻地理解文章，必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握全篇的文脉，即句内、句间和段落间的修辞手段或逻辑关系。每篇文章都有一个特定的写作目的，或是向读者传递某个信息，或是愉悦读者，或是讲授某个道理。而这些信息通常并不是明确表达出来，而是隐含在文章之中。作者往往在构思语篇之前总要进行预先设定：读者知道什么，不知道什么；读者可能与自己共同拥有什么样的生活经验、思想见地和需求欲望等；然后设计一些隐藏在语篇深层的“潜台词”因此，这类试题要求考生在理解文章总体内容的基础上，透过隐藏在语篇深层的逻辑线索去真正领悟作者的言外之意。

请完成下列各题

A

It's not just women who wear skirts. Men can wear them, too. In Scotland, men wear a kind of skirt called a kilt. The kilt is their national dress and an important part of their tradition.

A kilt is a coloured skirt reaching down to the knee. It has checks on it with different colours, like

red or blue. Each family in Scotland has its own colours.

How did the Scots start to wear kilts? There are many stories about it. One story is that the kilt was invented in the 1720s by an English factory owner, Thomas Rawlinson.

Rawlinson had a number of Scottish workers in his factory and he thought their clothing got in the way of their work. So he cut their long clothes into a shorter skirt.

Today, most Scotsmen see kilts as formal dress. They usually only wear them at weddings or big dinners. There are only a few men who still wear a kilt every day.

Scots also wear kilts in parades* when they play their traditional musical instrument: bagpipes* The army still has kilts as the dress uniform, but they no longer wear them to fight.

1.. A kilt is ____.

B. C. D.

2.. In Scotland, different families have different ___.

A. colors B. checks C. rules D. shapes

3.. What does "got in the way of" in the third paragraph mean?

A. 到达 B. 得到 C. 在路上 D. 妨碍

4. The story mainly tells us ____.

A. things about Scotsmen's traditional kilts B. how to wear kilts

C. when to wear kilts D. Scotsmen's important tradition

B

Mails, games, music, news, chat rooms and shopping! The Internet is part of the way we live today. It’s easy to get onto the Internet. The only thing we need to do is to use a modem which is used for connecting a computer to a telephone line. The Internet is changing and growing all the time. More and more people have computers and use the Internet. Using the Internet means surfing the World Wide Web(That’s the “www ” you always hear about.) The Web has large numbers of websites in it. They are the places you go to get information and do things.

Where do these websites come from? They are made by web designers.What happens when you click on a word or a picture? You are sent to another page. It’s all because of the web designer. Web designers do a lot of work by using a computer programming language.

Is Web design all about computer programming? No. It’s about making something new. Web designers must imagine a lot when they are making a website. It must look good and be fun to use.

A big part of Web design is art. They choose the best pictures and colors to make the website look good. They also write the things that you see on the website. An important part of their job is to share ideas with the website manager about how to design the website well.

5．This passage is mainly about A ．computer programming language B ．the web designers’ work

C ．the website manager’s work D ．the way to get onto the Internet

6．More and more people are using the Internet because it’s .

A ．easy and useful B ．beautiful and funny

C ．colorful and hopeful D ．changing and growing

7．It ’s possible for us to change websites by just a click because of .

A ．the modern’s help B ．the telephone line’s help

C ．the web designers’work D ．the website manager’s work

8． A ．making the websites new and beautiful B ．writing things on the Internet

C ．doing the computer programming D ．following the manager’s ideas

C

Recently, the Chinese people have been talking about healthy food, such as milk and eggs, but now something unhealthy is in some food. Many babies were ill because of melamine(三聚氰胺)

in such food. A.

What is melamine? Melamine is a kind of white powder(粉末). It was first made by a German scientist in the 1830s, and now it is used to make plastic.

Melamine is cheap. Adding it to milk can make the protein(蛋白质) level appear higher so that the milk can be sold at a higher price. It is also added to animal feed for the same reason. Cows, sheep, pigs, and fish have been given food with melamine in it. However, eating their meat is bad for our health.

What is the health effect? It harms babies a lot. It may be safe for an adult to take in about 35mg of melamine a day. However, if one takes in melamine for a long time, it will be dangerous.

Checks on feed makers have been carried out widely. “About 240 illegal factories have been closed down. A total of 3,682 tons of illegal feed was destroyed,” an officer said.

9. Why is melamine added to food?

a. Because it can make people healthier.

b. Because the food can be sold at a higher price.

c. Because it makes the protein level appear higher.

A. abc B. ab C. ac D. bc

10.It may be A. dangerous B. safe C. healthy D. important

11. Which of the following is TRUE?

A. Melamine was first made in the 1930s.

B. Many adults were ill because of melamine.

C. Feed for animals must be added melamine.

D. We must stop producing the food with melamine.

D

Is your schoolbag too heavy to carry? The e-schoolbag will help you.

It is said that e-schoolbags are going to be brought into use in Chinese middle schools soon. In fact, the e-schoolbag should perhaps be called an e-textbook. It is a small computer for students. Heavy schoolbags have long been a serious problem for them. But the e-schoolbag will change everything. It is much lighter than a usual schoolbag. Also it is as small as a usual book, but it can still hold all the things for study, such as a textbook, an exercise book and so on. They can be made into chips(芯片) that are as small as a stamp. The students can read the text page by page on the screen, take notes, or even send e-mails to their teachers. All they have to do is to put the right chip into the e-schoolbag and press a button.

Some say that e-textbooks can be easily broken; some say it is not good to students' eyes. But only time will tell.

12. An e-schoolbag is ________.

A. a video chip B. a small computer C. a heavy bag D. a usual book

13. E-schoolbags are used for _______.

A. fixing buttons B. making chips C. computer games D. school study

14. E-schoolbags ________ .

A. are popular with all the people B. can do everything for students.

C. may be used instead of usual schoolbags D. have come into use in China

15. Which is the best title for the passage?

A. A New Computer B. How To Use New Computer

C. A New Kind Of Schoolbag D. The Schoolbag In The Future

E

Health

It is very important to check what vaccinations(疫苗) you need to have before travel to any country. Your doctor can tell you which ones you need to have for Brazil.

Insects can be a problem in Brazil. Some of the insects bite, so you should take insect repel- lant(驱虫剂) with. You should also take some medicine with you. If you have a headache or a stomachache, you might find it difficult to buy the right medicine.

Language

Portuguese(葡萄牙语) is Brazil’s national language, so a Portuguese guidebook would be useful. It will help you communicate with local people and it will also help you discover local food. Good guidebooks have many parts for directions, food, shopping and health problems.

What to take

Brazil is a warm country , so you will need T-shirts, shorts and sunglasses, but if you want to visit different parts of the country, you will need a coat and strong shoes. The country has many mountains, so it can be much cooler in these places. Money

Brazil’s money is called the Real. You can use a credit card in most shops and restaurants but you should also make sure you have enough money so you can buy things in markets.

16. Why is a money belt useful in Brazil?

A. Because it has some pockets in the belt.

B. Because you can put your passport in the belt.

C. Because it’s used for keeping your money safe.

D. Both B and C.

17. What’s the meaning of the unlined words “be ruined” in this passage?

A. 不开心 B. 不方便 C. 被破坏 D. 惹麻烦

18. What you don’t need to take to Brazil if you travel there?

A. Insect repellant. B. A credit card. C. Cotton shoes. D. Some Chinese medicine.

19. Which of the following sentences is NOT true?

A. Brazilians speak Portuguese .

B. You can use your credit card to buy anything in Brazil.

C. You must always take your hotel’s address with you.

D. Your doctor can tell you what vaccinations you need to have for Brazil.