初中英语陈述句讲解
陈述句
1、 概念：说明一个事实或是陈述说话人的看法的句子，句末用句号。
2、 分类： 陈述句根据其语法结构，可大体分为“主语+谓语”和“主语+连系动词+表语”两种；而从语气的角度分，又可分为肯定陈述句和否定陈述句
（1）“主语+谓语”结构
① 肯定陈述句
I like that book.我喜欢那本书。（陈述一个事实） I really agree.我确实同意。（陈述一个观点） ② 否定陈述句
I did not buy the TV.我没有买那个电视。（陈述一个事实）
请注意它们其中一个是带有宾语的，一个是不带宾语的。这两个例子的共同特点是都有一个主语和一个谓语，都是陈述肯定的事实或观点 。
（2）主语+连系动词+表语结构
① 肯定陈述名
The film is boring . 这部电影没意思。（陈述观点）
② 否定陈述句
Smoking is not good for your health.抽烟对你的健康没有好处。（陈述一个事实）
3、 陈述句的否定结构：
陈述句的否定式主要用两种结构来表达：
（1）句子的谓语动词为be , have 或者谓语动词有助动词、情态动词 时，其否定结构为：
主语+谓语动词/助动词/情态动词 + not + 其他成分
I am not a teacher. 我不是老师。
We have not (haven`t) any books on animals. 我们没有任何有关动物方面的书。 The children are not (aren`t) playing in the playground. 孩子们没在操场上玩。 He will not (won`t) come. 他不会来。
We must not (mustn`t) forget the past. 我们不能忘记过去。
It could not (couldn`t) be lost. 它不可能丢的。
（2） 当句子的谓语动词是do (即行为动词) ，而且没有助动词或情态动词时，其否定结构为：主语+do (does,did) + not + 动词原形 + 其他成分
（3）You do not (don`t) come here every day . 你没有每天都来这里。 He does not (doesn`t) teach this class . 他不教这个班。
（4）They did not(didn`t) watch TV last night . 昨晚他们没看电视。
（5） 注意：陈述句的语调一般用降调。但在表示疑问的语气时，用升调，在书面上要用问号来表示。
（6） You really want to go to Hong Kong ? 你真的想去香港吗？
（7） 这句话表示的是一种疑问，只不过是通过陈述的语序和疑问的语气来表达的
疑问句
疑问句可再分为一般疑问和特殊疑问两种。
1.一般疑问：用be 或助动词或情态动词置于句首，并以“Yes ，„”，或“No ，„”或相当于yes / no回答的问句称为一般疑问句.
2. 含系动词be 的一般疑问句的构成
具体地说,am 只能跟在第一人称的单数 I 后面,are 搭配 you, 不管是单数还是复数,is 跟在第三人称单数 he, she 后面,be 动词的基本意思：是
如： I'm in Class 2, Grade 1. →Are you in Class 2, Grade 1? 你是在一年级二班吗?(如遇第一人称，最好将其置换成第二人称)
It's a map of China. →Is it a map of China? 这是一幅中国地图吗？ be 或 have（有）置于句首来表达疑问，例：
Is it your bicycle? （这辆自行车是你的吗？） Yes, it is. （是的，是我的。） Have you money with you? （你身上带钱了吗？） （=Do you have money with you?）
Yes, I have.（Yes, I do.）（有，我带钱了。）
3. 含情态动词的一般疑问句的构成
一般疑问句面前人人平等：情态动词与am / is / are一样，也可直接将它们提至主语前，所以问题迎刃而解了。如：
I can spell it. →Can you spell it? 你会拼写它吗？
4. 含实义动词的一般疑问句的构成
含实义动词的一般疑问句的构成稍微有点讲究，要在句首加do ；如逢主语为第三人称单数，谓语动词为一般现在时单数第三人称形式 "v-(e)s"时，用does, 并要将谓语动词变回原形(如has →have ，likes →like 等) ；有时陈述句中的some 还要变作any 等。如：
She lives in Beijing.→Does she live in Beijing? 她住在北京吗？
I like English. →Do you like English? 你喜欢英语吗？
There are some books on my desk.→Are there any books on your desk?
Do you speak Japanese? （你会说日语吗？） Yes, I do.（是的，我会说。） No, I don’t. （不，我不会说。）
7. 一般疑问句的应答
用yes / no(或相当于yes / no的词) 回答，并怎么问怎么答(句首为情态动词/am / is / are还是do /does)如：
① -Is Mary a Japanese girl? 玛丽是日本女孩吗？
-Yes, she is. / No, she isn't. 是的，她是。/不，她不是。
② -Can Lily speak Chinese? 莉莉会说中国话吗？
-No, she can't. / Sorry, I don't know. 不，她不会。/对不起，我不知道。
II. 特殊疑问句
1. 定义以特殊疑问词开头，对陈述句中的某一部分提出疑问 / 进行发问, 回答时针对问句中的代词和副词来回答，不用yes 或no, 的句子叫特殊疑问句。
2. 特殊疑问词 what， where， which， what class， what time， what number； who, whom, whose,how，how many， how old， how much等。
3. 特殊疑问句的构成特殊疑问句由" 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句" 构成： What's this in English? 这个用英语怎么讲？ 5. 对特殊疑问句的答复小扫描 疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中，疑问代词一般都放在句首，并在句中作为某一句子成分。如： What is this? （what 作表语）这是什么？ what color is it ? 什么颜色?
What are you talking about?你在说什么？ 回答特殊疑问句，不能用"yes / no"；但可用" 到什么山上唱什么歌" 来形容对特殊疑问句的应答- -即问什么答什么(尤其是简略回答更明显) 。如： -How old is your sister? 你妹妹今年多大了？ -She's only five. / Only five. (她) 才5岁。
1. 对指物名词或谓语动词提出疑问，疑问词用what
2. 询问天气。“How +be +the weather...？”与“What +be +the weather like...？”意思相同。例如：
How is the weather today? = What's the weather like today? 今天天气如何？
3) 对指人名词或代词提问用who
4) 对物主代词和名词所有格提问用whose 。
eg. Li Ping's coat→Whose coat, my father→Whose father
5) 对具体时间提出疑问，如 in the morning,last Sunday等，疑问词用when ；对具体几点提问，疑问词应用what time。
6) 对具体地点提出疑问，疑问词应用where 。
7) 对表原因的从句提问，常见的有because 引导的从句，疑问词应用why 。
8) 对方式或程度等提出疑问，用疑问词How 。
9) 对数量提出疑问，疑问词为How many，要注意how many必须跟名词的复数形式。 eg. two hundred sheep→How many sheep
10) 对价格提出疑问，疑问词用How much。 eg. I paid fifty yuan for the sweater. _____How much_did you pay for the sweater?
How much is the computer? = How much does the computer cost? = What's the price of the computer? 这台电脑的价格是多少？
11) 对时间长度提出疑问，疑问词应用How long。
12) 对时间频率，如 once a year, twice a week等提问，疑问词用How often。 How often do you visit your grandma?
13) 对具体次数，如 once, twice, three times等提问，疑问词用How many times。
15) 对距离提出疑问，疑问词用How far。
16) 另外，对日期、星期、天气等提出疑问，则分别用 What's the date?
What day is it ? 如果是过去时间，就用was 代替is 。 What's the weather like?
2017年中考英语单项选择专题练习16《陈述句和疑问句》
1. 掌握陈述句的概念及其肯定式、否定式和除no, not以外的表示否定意义的词; 2.掌握一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句的结构及其答语。
( )1. (2016·盐城)
Watch out, Peter is a little boy playing ahead on the road
A. It B. This C. That D. There
( )2. (2016·东营)
— is your father? —He's an engineer in a big factory.
A. Who B. What C. Which D. Where
( )3. (2016·宿迁)
—There is a beautiful park near your school, ?
—Yes. I often go walking there.
A. is there B. isn't there C. are there D. aren't there
( )4. (2016·陕西)}
—Could you tell me it takes to walk to the Disneyland?
—About 20 minutes.:
A. how far B. how long
C. how often D. how soon
( )5. (2016·昆明):
—Jim, are these your keys? — . They're hers.
A. Yes, it is B. No, it isn't C. Yes, they are: D. No, they aren't:
( )6. (2016·大连)}
— will the match between HAS and BIG be held?
—In our school stadium.:
A. When B. Where C. Why D. How:
( )7. (2016·绵阳):
— is the boy with a pair of glasses? —My brother, John.
A. How B. Who C. Where D. What ( )
8.(2016·长春): — do you volunteer in Old People's Home?
—Once a week. We hope to help the old more.
A. How soon B. How many
C. How often D. How long
( )9. (2016·厦门) —These shoes look cool. are they?
—They are on sale, only$69.
A. How much B. How long C. How many
( )10. (2016·来宾) There a basketball match in our school tomorrow.
A. will have B. will be
C. are D. is going to have
( )11. (2016·玉林、防城港、崇左)
—Do you know a wonderful football match and two basketball matches on July 75th? —Yeah. I am going to watch them on that day.
A. there will be B. there will have
C. there are D. there have
( )12.(2016·安顺) He can hardly stay awake because he is so tired, ?
A. is he B. isn't he
C. can't he D. can he
( )13. (2016·铜仁) —Is the girl in red your friend?
— . She is learning Chinese now.
A. Yes, it is B. Yes, he is
C. Yes, she is D. Yes, she does
( )14. (2016.上海) — Disney amusement parks are there in China? —Two.
A. How many B. How often
C. How soon D. How long
( )15. (2016·宿迁)
The structure of the sentence “The students visited the museum” is .
A. S+ V B. S+V+DO
C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+ V+DO+OC
( )16.(2016·兰州)I you can finish the exam in two hours.
A. does believe B. do believe
C. did believed D. do believed
( )17. (2016·郴州)
—I feel upset because I am too heavy.
— do more exercise to lose some weight?
A. Why don't B. Why not C. Why not to
( )18. (2016·兰州)
— will Mr. Brown be back? —In an hour.
A. How long B. How often
C. How soon D. How much
( )19. (2016·襄阳)
— are the students in your class? —Most of them are only fourteen.
A. How long B. How old
C. How many D. How often
( )20. (2016·威海)
— will you stay in England? —More than a month.
A. When B. How soon C. How long
( )21. (2016·武汉)
—What's the matter, Jenny?
— something wrong with my bike.
A. It is B. There is C. I have D. It has
( )22. (2016·菏泽)
— teachers will you miss the most after junior high school, Lisa? —Ms. Lee and Mr. Hunt.
A. Whose B. Which C. What ( )23. (2016·南充)
—Is there a watermelon on the table? — .
A. Yes, there is B. Yes, it is C. No, there is D. No, it isn't
( )24. (2016·黄石) —Hey, Jane. are you feeling now?
—Much better. Thanks.
A. What B. Where C. How D. When
( )25. (2016.永州) David never fights with his classmates, ?
A. doe; he B. doesn't he C. isn't he
( )26. (2016·天水) —You didn't find the owner of the books, did you? — . So I gave them to our teacher.
A. No, I did B. Yes, 1 didn't C. No, I didn't D. Yes, 1 did
( )27. ( 2016·龙东五市) Lets go to Disneyland in Shanghai in August, ?
A. shall we B. will you C. won't you
( )28.(2016·济南) —Bill, does your sister have brown hair or red hair? — . She takes after my mother.
A. Yes, she does B. No. she doesn't
C. Brown hair D. I don't know
( )29.(2016·宿迁) — is it from Suqian to Jiuzhai Valley?
—About 1,200 kilometers away. But I'm not sure.
A. How often C. How long B. How soon D. How far
( )30. (2016·济宁) — can you read in English
—About 100 words a minute.
A. How far B. How much
C. How fast D. How many
( )31. (2015·宜宾)
Nancy, sweep the classroom, ?
A. don't you B. do you
C. will you D. doesn't she
( )32. (2015·汕尾)
I don't think the newly directed movie by Zhao Wei is as interesting as people say, ?
A. do I B. don't I C. is it D. isn't it
参考答案
1～5：D 、B 、B 、B 、D 6～10：B 、B 、C 、A 、B 11～15：A 、D 、C 、A 、B 16～20：
B 、B 、C 、B 、C 21～25：B 、B 、A 、C 、A 26～30：C 、A 、C 、D 、C 31～32：C 、C