仁爱英语九年上册语法
Topic 3 Let’s be greener people.
一、重点词汇
(一)词形变换
1. organization(动词) organize 2.recycle(动名词) recycling
3. follow(形容词) following 4.electricity(形容词) electric
5. move(名词) movement 6. quick(副词) quickly
7. environment(形容词) environmental 8. protect(名词) protection
(二)重点词组
1. environmental protection 环境的保护
2. work for„ 为„„工作
3. spread message about„ 宣传有关„„
4. reduce the waste/ air pollution 减少浪费/ 空气污染
5. both sides of „ „„的两面
6. rather than (是)„„而不是„.
7. not only„but also„ 不仅„„.而且„„
8. save money/ energy/ electricity 省钱/ 能源/ 电
9. be supposed to do sth. 应当做某事
10. travel a short distance 短途旅行
11. put„into„ 把„„放入„„
12. take up a lot of space 占据许多空间
13. produce power from„ 从„„获得能量
14. run the car 发动汽车
15. push„forward /up /down 推„„.向前/向上/向下
16. power machines 发动机器
17. produce electricity by doing sth. 通过做某事发电
18. the movement of water 水的流动
19. be used for doing sth 被用作做某事
20. take a quick shower 快速淋浴
21. make a short journey 短途旅行
22. pick the litter up 捡起垃圾
23. try harder 再努力
24. produce a short oral report 作一个简短的口头报告
二、重点句型
1.Let’s be greener people. 让我们做环保使者吧。
2.„my main job is to help spread message about protecting the environment.
我主要的工作是帮助做有关保护环境的宣传。
3.It’s kind of you to do that. 你那样做真是太好了。
4.Would you like to be a greener person? 你想成为一名绿色使者吗?
5.Easier said than done. 说得容易,做得难。
6.Actions speak louder than words. 百说不如一干;事实胜于雄辩。
7.Of all the rubbish, about 35 percent can be recycled while the rest can’t.
在所有的垃圾里,大约35%能被回收,但剩余的则不能。
8. They work well, but they are slow and can’t run for long.
他们行驶得很好,但他们行驶很慢并且不能远距离行驶。
三、重点语言点
1. We all know that you’re working for some organizations that protect the environment. 我们都知道你在为环保组织工作。
work for„ 表“为„„工作”
He works for a foreign company in Shanghai. 他在上海为一家外资公司工作。
2. We should use both sides of paper, and reuse plastic bags rather than throw them away. 我们应该把纸的两面都使用,将塑料袋再次使用而不是轻易扔掉。
a) both 修饰复数名词;而 either 修饰单数名词; 如:
There are a lot of trees on both sides of the road.
= There are a lot of trees on either side of the road. 在路的两边有许多树。
b) rather than 表“(是)„„而不是”;连词, 连接对等结构, 相当于instead of如: I like coffee rather than tea. = I like coffee instead of tea.
我喜欢咖啡而不是茶.
He likes listening to music rather than/ instead of singing.
他喜欢听音乐而不是唱歌.
He wants to go today rather than/ instead of tomorrow.
他想今天走而不明天.
I did my homework rather than watched TV.
= I did my homework instead of watching TV.
昨晚我做作业了而不是看电视.
但rather than位于句首时, 后跟动词原形, 它不受句中谓语动词的时态影响。如:
Rather than do it by myself, I didn’t ask for help.
宁可自己干, 我没请人帮忙。
3. Everyone is supposed to do it. 每个人都应该那样做。
be supposed to do sth.指(按规定、习惯、安排等)应当做某事;必须做某事;相当于should; 用于否定句时,表“允许”; 如:
Teachers are supposed to/ should know a lot. 老师应该知道很多。
You are not supposed to smoke here. 这里不允许抽烟。
4. First, you ought to turn off the lights when you leave a room.
首先,当你离开房间的时候,应该随手关灯。
ought to 情态动词, 表 “应该; 应当”; 语气比 should 强; 指道义上应该做的事, 有时含有责备或督促的语气。should 指主观上感到有责任或义务去做。如:
You ought to help your mother do some housework.你应该帮你妈妈做些家务。
We should study hard.我们应该努力学习。
其否定式和疑问式:
You oughtn’t to get up so late in the morning.你早晨不应该起这么晚。
Ought I to tell her the bad news? 我该告诉她坏消息吗?
Yes, you ought. No, you oughtn’t.
四、重点语法
并列句:是由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成的句子,连词前可用逗号,也可不用逗号。
1.表示并列关系,常用连接词有and, not only„but also„等。如:
His father is a teacher and his mother is a doctor.
他的父亲是一位老师,母亲是一位医生。
Mr. Green can not only drive a car but also repair it.
格林先生不但会开车而且还能修车。
2.表示转折,常用连词有but, while等。如:
I bought my sister a present, but she didn’t like it.
我给妹妹买了一件礼物,但是她并不喜欢。
Tom does housework every day while his sister does nothing.
汤姆每天都做家务活,而他的妹妹什么也不做。
3.表示选择关系,常用连词有or, either„or„等。如:
He speaks French, or perhaps he understands it.
他会讲法语,或者懂法语。
Either he could not come or he did not want to.
他要么是不能来要么是不想来。
4. 表示因果关系,常用连词有so, for等。如:
Her mother is ill, so she has to stay at home and look after her mother.
她母亲病了,所以她不得不呆在家里照看她。
The ground is very wet, for it rained last night.
地面很湿,因为昨晚下雨了。
11.1 一般现在时的用法
1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语:
every„, sometimes, at„, on Sunday。例如:
I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。
2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。例如:
The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。
3) 表示格言或警句。例如:
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般
现在时。
例:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。
4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如:
I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。
比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。
I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。
返回动词的时态目录
11.2 一般过去时的用法
1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如:时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如:
Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了?
2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。例如:
When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子
的时候,常在马路上踢足球。
3)句型:It is time for sb. to do sth "到„„时间了" "该„„了" 。例如:
It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
It is time that sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" " 早该„„了" ,例如It is time
you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
would (had ) rather sb. did sth. 表示' 宁愿某人做某事' 。例如:I'd rather
you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。
4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等,而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。例如:I thought
you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
比较:Christine was an invalid all her life.(含义:她已不在人间。)
Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含义:她现在还活着)
注意: 用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气。
1)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如:
Did you want anything else? 您还要些什么吗?
I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。
2)情态动词 could, would。例如:
Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车,能借用一些吗?
返回动词的时态目录
11.3 used to / be used to
used to + do :" 过去常常" 表示过去习惯性的动作或状态,但如今已不存在。例
如:
Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老妈过去没那么健忘。
Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫过去常常散步。
be used to + doing: 对„„已感到习惯,或" 习惯于" ,to 是介词,后需加名
词或动名词。例如:
He is used to a vegetarian diet.
Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫现在已习惯于散步了。
典型例题
---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.
---- It's 69568442.
A. didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't
答案A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语,但从语意上看出,在听的时候没有听懂这
个动作发生在过去,因此应用过去时。
返回动词的时态目录
11.4 一般将来时
1) shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称,在
征求意见时常用于第二人称。例如:
Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先读哪一段呢?
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗?
2) be going to +不定式,表示将来。
a. 主语的意图,即将做某事。例如:What are you going to do tomorrow? 明
天打算作什么呢?
b. 计划,安排要发生的事。例如:The play is going to be produced next month 。
这出戏下月开播。
c. 有迹象要发生的事。例如:Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be
a storm. 看那乌云,快要下雨了。
3) be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如:
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。
4) be about to +不定式,意为马上做某事。例如:
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。
注意:be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间
状语连用。
返回动词的时态目录
11.5 be going to / will 用于条件句时,be going to表将来,will 表意愿。
例如:
If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon
as possible.
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you
in front of the mirror.
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返回动词的时态目录
11.6 be to和be going to
be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事,be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。
例如:
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。(客观安排)
I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。(主
观安排)
返回动词的时态目录
11.7 一般现在时表将来
1)下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时
可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如:
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。
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When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开?十分
钟后。
2)以here, there等开始的倒装句,表示动作正在进行。例如:
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。
3)在时间或条件句中。例如:
When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后,
让他等我。
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里,就写信给你。
4)在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如:
I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开
房间前,务必把窗户关了。
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返回动词的时态目录
11.8 用现在进行时表示将来
下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以
表示将来。例如:
I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗?
返回动词的时态目录
11.9 现在完成时
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,其结果的影响现在还存在;也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成:have (has ) +过去分词。
返回动词的时态目录
11.10 比较一般过去时与现在完成时
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1)一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现
在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。
2)一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语
连用,或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday, last week,„ago, in1980, in October,
just now等,皆为具体的时间状语。
现在完成时的时间状语:for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等,皆不确定的时间状语。
共同的时间状语:this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently,
lately 等。
3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live,
teach, learn, work, study, know.。
一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish,
become, get married等。例如:
I saw this film yesterday. (强调看的动作发生过了)
I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了)
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Why did you get up so early? (强调起床的动作已发生过了)
Who hasn't handed in his paper? (强调有卷子未交,疑为不公平竞争)
He has been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可延续)
He has been a League member for three years. (是团员的状态可持续)
句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如yesterday, last, week, in 1960)时,不
能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。
(错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
(对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
返回动词的时态目录
11.11 用于现在完成时的句型
1)It is the first / second time.... that„结构中的从句部分,用现在完
成时。例如:
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It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次访问这
城市。
This is the first time (that ) I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他
唱歌。
注意:It was the third time that the boy had been late.
2)This is +形容词最高级+that„结构,that 从句要用现在完成时。例如:
This is the best film that I've (ever ) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。
典型例题
(1) ---Do you know our town at all?
---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时,故选B 。
(2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
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A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时,反意词为never ,此两词常用于完成时。
注意:非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生
的状态是可以持续的。
(错)I have received his letter for a month.
(对)I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
典型例题
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the
office.
A. had written, left B,were writing, has left C. had written, had left
D. were writing, had left
答案D. " 把书忘在办公室" 发生在" 去取书" 这一过去的动作之前,因此" 忘了书"
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这一动作发生在过去的过去,用过去完成时。句中when 表示的是时间的一点,表示在" 同学们正忙于„„"这一背景下,when 所引导的动作发生。因此前一句
应用过去进行时。
注意: had hardly„ when 还没等„„ 就„„。例如:
I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我刚打开门,他就打了我。
had no sooner„than 刚„„ 就„„。例如:
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他刚买了这辆车,转眼
又卖了。
返回动词的时态目录
11.16 用一般过去时代替过去完成时
1) 两个动作如按顺序发生,又不强调先后,或用then ,and ,but 等连词时,
多用一般过去时。例如:
When she saw the mouse,she screamed. 她看到老鼠,就叫了起来。
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑妈给了我一顶帽子,我把它丢了。
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2 ) 两个动作相继发生,可用一般过去时;如第一个动作需要若干时间完成,
用过去完成时。例如:
When I heard the news, I was very excited.
3) 叙述历史事实,可不用过去完成时,而只用一般过去时。例如:
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.
返回动词的时态目录
11.17 将来完成时
1) 构成will have done
2) 概念
a. 状态完成:表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。例如:
They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到那时他们结婚将有二
十年了。
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b. 动作完成:表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前,已经完成的动作或获
得的经验。例如:
You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天此时,你已经
到达上海了。
返回动词的时态目录
11.18 现在进行时
现在进行时的基本用法:
a. 表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。例如:
We are waiting for you. 我们正在等你。
b. 习惯进行:表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。例如:
Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在写另一部小说。(说话时并未在写,
只处于写作的状态。)
c. 表示渐变,这样的动词有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
例如:
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The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。
It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。
d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存
在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。例如:
You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。
典型例题
My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't
found D. is missing, haven't found.
答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态,应用进行时,由于没有找到,其影响仍然
存在,应用完成时,瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
九年级英语(仁爱版)上册语言点归纳
Unit 3 English around the world
Topic1 English is widely spoken around the world.
一. 重点词语
1.be able to=can 能够, 会 2.can’t wait to do sth.迫不急待地做某事
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3.have a (good) chance to do sth.有(好) 机会做某事
4.practice doing sth.练习做某事
5.be made by…被……制做; be made of/from…由……制成;be made in…在某地制造
6.on business出差 7.be similar to…和……相似
8.translate…into…把……翻译成……
9.have no/some trouble (in) doing sth.做某事没有/有些困难
10.once in a while=sometimes/at times偶尔, 间或
11.whenever=no matter when无论何时 12.as well as以及
13.mother tongue 母语 14.take the leading position处于领先地位
15.encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事 16.call for号召
二. 重点句型
1.Disneyland is enjoyed by millions of people from all over the world.世界上数以百万的人们都喜欢迪斯尼乐园。
2. I hope I can go there one day. 希望有一天我能去那儿。
3.English is widely spoken around the world.英语在世界上被广泛使用。
4.It is also spoken as a second language in many countries.
在许多国家它也被用作第二语言。
5. It is possible that you will have some trouble.你可能会遇到一些麻烦。
6. It’s used as the first language by most people in America, Canada,
Australia ,Great Britain and New Zealand.
它被美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、英国和新西兰的大多数人用作第一语言。
7.And two thirds of the world’s scientists read English.
并且世界上三分之二的科学家用英语阅读。
三. 语法学习
一般现在时的被动语态
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英语语态有主动语态和被动语态两种。主语是动作的执行者,叫主动语态。
如:We clean the classroom.我们打扫教室。
主语是动作的承受者,叫被动语态。
如:The classroom is cleaned (by us).教室被(我们)打扫。
1.被动语态的构成:助动词be+及物动词的过去分词+(by+宾语)
其中by 意为“被……;由……”,表动作的执行者。
如:The glass is broken by that boy.玻璃杯是那个男孩打破的。
be 有人称、数和时态的变化,其肯定式、否定式、疑问式的变化规则与be 作为连系动词时完全一样。
如:English is widely spoken around the world. (肯定式)
English is not widely spoken around the world. (否定式)
Is English widely spoken around the world? (疑问式)
Yes, it is./No, it isn’t.
2.被动语态的用法:(1)在没有指明动作的执行者或者不知道动作执行者的情况下,可用被动语态。如:This coat is made of cotton.这件大衣是棉制的。(2)要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时,用被动语态。如:Her bike is stolen.她的自行车被偷了。
3.主、被动语态的转换:
主动语态:主语+及物动词谓语动词+宾语(+其它)
被动语态:主语+be+及物动词的过去分词+by+宾语(+其它)
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注意:(1)主动、被动互转时,时态不变。(2)主动句的主语是代词的主格形式,变成被动态by 的宾语时,要用宾格形式。如:
(1) People grow rice in the south. Rice is grown (by people) in the south.
(2) She takes care of the baby. The baby is taken care of (by her).
四. 交际用语:谈论英语的广泛使用
1.---You’ll have a good chance to practice speaking English there.---You’re right.
2.---But I’m not good at English. I’m a little afraid.---Don’t worry.
3.---Is Spanish similar to English?---Not really.
Topic 2 English is spoken differently in different countries.
一. 重点词语
1.by the way 顺便说一下 2.depend on取决于……;依靠……
3.be different from与……不同 4.succeed in成功,达成
5.make yourself understood表达你自己的意思
6.on one’s way to 在某人去……的路上 7.see sb. Off给……送行
8.leave for…前往某地/leave…for…离开……去……
9.in twenty minutes二十分钟之后
10.written English笔头英语/oral English英语口语
11.generally speaking一般说来,大致上说 12.as for sb./sth.至于某人/某物
13.be close to…靠近…… 14.in person身体上,外貌上;亲自
15.be found of…爱好……
16.be forced to do sth.被迫做……/force sb.to do 强迫某人做某事
17.even worse 更糟的是
二. 重点句型
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1. Is Australia English the same as British English?澳式英语和英式英语一样吗? 2.English is spoken differently in different English-speaking countries.
不同的国家使用不同的英语。
3. For example, there are differences between British English and American English. 例如,在英式英语和美式英语之间有些不同点。
4 I can’t believe that I’m flying to Disneyland.我简直不敢相信我就要飞往迪斯尼乐园了。
5.I hope I won’t have any difficulty.我希望不会遇到什么困难。
6. Whenever you need help, send me an-mail or telephone me.
无论何时你需要帮忙,给我发电子邮件或打电话。
7. Not only children but also adults enjoy spending their holidays in Disneyland.不但青少年而且成年人也喜欢到迪斯尼乐园度假。
三、语法学习
用现在进行时表示将来
现在进行时表示将来时,常有“意图”、“安排”(但不是固定不变的)或“打算”含义。它表示最近或较近的将来,所用的动词多是位移动词。
如:come, go, arrive, leave, fly, start, begin, return, open, die
例:I’m going.我要走了。 When are you starting?你什么时候动身?
Don’t worry. The train is arriving here soon.别着急,火车马上就到了。
表示将来的现在进行时除了用于位移动词外,亦可用于某些非位移动词。
如:My uncle is meeting us tomorrow.我叔叔明天会见我们。
She is buying a new bike soon.她不久将买一辆新自行车。
四. 交际用语:谈论不同国家英语的不同点并了解交际中的身体语言
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1.I can’t follow you. Can you speak more slowly, please?
2.Oh, it sounds interesting.
3.If you want to succeed in making yourself understood, you need to know some of these differences
4.---What’s up? ---The foreigner is asking for a ride.
5.Generally speaking, American English is different from British English in
pronunciation and spelling.
Topic 3 It’s important to learn English well.
一、重点词语
1.in public在公共场所 2.at times=sometimes有时
3.feel like doing=would like to do想要做……
4..give up sth./doing sth.放弃 5..turn to sb. for help求助于某人
6..give sb. some advice on/about…给某人一些有关……的建议
7..be weak in在……方面很差/be good at在……方面很好
8..be afraid of doing sth.害怕做某事 9.make mistakes犯错误
10.take a deep breath深呼吸 11.the best time to do做某事最好的时间
12.do some listening practice做些听力训练 13.reply to=answer回答
14.advise sb. to do建议某人做某事(名词advice )
二、重点句型
1.Could you make yourself understood in the U.S.A?在美国,别人能懂得你的话吗?
2.I don’t know what to do. 我不知道该怎么办?
3.At times I feel like giving up. 有时我想要放弃。
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4.Try to guess the meanings of the new words, and get the main idea of the article.尽量猜测生词的意思,理解文章的大意。
5.I dare not answer questions in class, because I’m afraid of making mistakes.我不敢在课堂上回答问题,困为我害怕犯错误。
6. It’s an honor to talk with all of you.与在座的各位交谈是我的荣幸。
7.But remember to choose the ones that fit you best.但是记住要选择最适合你的一种。
8. I insist that you practice English every day.我坚持认为你们每天都应该练习英语。
9.Believing in yourself is the first step on the road to success.
自信是通往成功的第一步。
三、语法学习
wh- +to do
wh-是指when, where, which, who(m)及how 等连接词,它们和动词不定式连用,即为wh- +to do结构。这种结构在句中常作主语、表语和宾语,作宾语时可以转换为宾语从句。(对于谓语动词来说,wh- +to do这个不定式动词的动作是个尚未发生的动作,所以在转换成宾语从句时,通常须加情态动词或用将来时表示未来。)
如:I don’t know what to do.=I don’t know what I should do.
She can’t decide which to buy.=she can’t decide which she will buy.
反之,如果主句中的主语与宾语从句中的主语一致时,宾语从句(由疑问词引导)通常可以与“疑问词+不定式”互相转换。
如:I don’t know what I should do.=I don’t know what to do.
如果不一致就不能转换。I want to know what Mary will do.(不能说:I want to know what to do.)
四、交际用语:谈论如何学习英语
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1.---…, but I hate to speak English in public.---You’d better not.
2.---I know it’s very important to learn English well. But it’s difficult for me. ---Me, too.
3.Have you ever had any difficulties in studying English?
4.---…, could you give us some advice on how to learn English well?
---You’d better follow the tape and do some listening practice.
I think the best time to remember new words is in the morning.
Unit 4 Fantastic Science
Topic 1 The spaceship is so magical!
一、 重点词汇:
(一)词形转换:
1. successful(副词)-successfully 2. proper(副词)properly
3. completely(动词)complete 4. leader(动词)lead
5. succeed(名词)success 6. hero(复数)heroes
7. physics(形容词)physical 8. fix(同义词)repair
9. introduce(名词)introduction 10. far(比较级)farther
(二)重点词组:
1. go around 环绕
2. send…into…
=send up…into… 把……送入
3. congratulations on sth 祝贺某事
4. be proud of 为……而自豪
5. be moved by 为……而感动
6. Thanks/Thank you for +n./ving sth 感谢某人做的某事
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7. have physical examinations 做体检
8. in good/bad health 处于好(不好)的身体状态
9. can’t help doing 情不自禁做……
10. take turn to (do sth) 轮流(做某事)
11. no doubt 无疑地
12. as well as 除……的之外,也
13. for instance/example 例如
14. work on 做……(方面)的工作
15. depend on/upon 依靠,依赖
16. turn on 打开
17. turn off 关掉
18. turn up 开大
19. turn down 关小
20. click on 用鼠标点击
21. look forward to doing sth 期待做某事
二、重点句型:
1. Now big plans are being made to send up more satellites and even build a space station.
现在中国正在计划发射更多的卫星,甚至建造一个空间站。
(1) 句子“are being made”是现在进行时的被动语态,结构“be being+过去分词”。
(2) 主动句中的宾补如果是不带to 的不定式时,变成被动句后,成为主补的不定式必须带to, 常见跟不带to 的复合宾语的动词有see 、feel 、hear 、make 等。
2. I’m moved by what Yang Liwei did.
我被杨利伟所做的事感动了。
(1) What Yang Liwei did
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是介词by 的宾语从句,意为“杨利伟所做的事” (2) be moved by 为……而感动 如: The students are moved by the old man’s story. 同学们为那位老人的故事而感动。
3. Generally speaking, we are in good health now. 一般来说,我们现在的健康状况良好。
(1) generally speaking “一般来说、大体上、大概” (2) in good/bad health 处于好(不好)的身体状况。如: He has a cold, he is always in bad health. 他感冒了,他的身体状况总是不好。
4. We couldn’t help looking at the earth again and again. 我们忍不住再三地看着地球。 (1) can’t/couldn’t help doing sth. 忍不住做某事,不能停止做某事。如: I can’t help crying. 我忍不住哭了。 (2) again and again 一再,屡次,如:
The teacher has told him again and again. 老师已屡次和他讲过了。 5. I was able to fall asleep as soon as I got into the sleeping bag. We took turns to have a rest.
一进入睡袋我就睡着了。我们轮流休息。 take turns to (do sth.) 轮流(做某事)。 The Browns take turns to look after the baby. 布朗一家轮流照看这个婴儿。
6. It has proved thatChina has made great progress in developing its space industry. 这证明了中国航天业的发展已取得了巨大的进步。
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It has proved that… 这证明了……
7.There is no doubt that computers are widely used by workers in business and technology.
毫无疑问, 电脑被商业, 科技工作者广泛地应用. There is no doubt that… 译为 “毫无疑问” 如: There is no doubt that we should protect the environment. 毫无疑问我们应该保护环境。
8. Computers have made the world smaller, like a “village”. 电脑使得世界变小了,就像一个“村庄”。 make+宾语+形容词 “使……怎样” 如:
We’ll try our best to make our country more and more beautiful. 我们将尽全力使我产的国家越来越美丽. 三、日常交际用语: Congratulations!
Thanks for your introduction. Pleased to meet you. =Nice to meet you.
It’s an honor to interview you now. What do you think of ShenZhou VI?
=What are your thoughts about ShenZhou VI? 四、重点语法:
宾语补足语: 宾语补足语用来补充说明宾语,与宾语一起构成复合宾语。可作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、副词、介词和动词不定式等。
(一)、名词、形容词、副词、介词短语作宾语补足语。如:
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1.We call him Jim.(名词) 我们叫他吉姆。
2.We must keep our school clean every day.(形容词) 我们必须每天保持校园清洁。 3.Call him in, please.(副词) 请叫他进来。
4.Leave it on the desk.(介词短语) 把它留在课桌上。
(二)、动词不定式作宾语补足语可分为三种情况:
1. 跟带to 的不定式作宾语补足语。常见的这类动词有:ask, tell, get, teach, want, invite, like, allow, wish, encourage等。如:
Tell Jane to sing us a song. 叫简给我们唱支歌。
2. 跟不带to 的不定式作宾语补足语。常见的这类动词有“一感(feel )、二听(listen to, hear ), 三让(make, let, have), 四看(look at, see, watch, notice)如:Let’s have a rest.让我们休息一会儿。
但这种结构变成被动语态时,to 必须加上。如: He was seen to leave the room with a book in his hand. 有人见他手拿着一本书离开这个房间。
3. 跟带to 或不带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。 这类动词只有help 。如: Can you help me (to) wash my clothes ? 你能帮我洗衣服吗?
(三)、分词作宾语补足语可分为两种情况。
1. 现在分词作宾语补足语,经常表示正在发生的动作。可跟这类补足语的动词有:see, watch, hear等。如:
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I hear somebody singing in the next room. 我听见有人在隔壁唱歌。
2. 过去介词作宾语补足语,经常表示被动。如: You need to have your hair cut. 你需要理发了。
Topic 2 When was it invented?
一、重点词汇:
1. be used for +ving 被用做…… 2. come true 实现 3. It’s said that 据说 4. during/in one’s life 某人一生
5. be known as 以……(身份)而著名 6. know/say for certain 确切知道/肯定地说 7. all the time 一直、总是 8. no longer=not…any longer 不再 (no more, not…any more) 9. as long as 只要
10. as far as 就……,尽……
11. make a great contribution 对……作出巨大贡献 12. the rest of the time 在其余地时间里 13. at any time 在任何时候 二、重点句型:
1. Because I’m not allowed to play computer games.
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因为我不可以玩电脑游戏。
allow “允许、准许”的意思。常用于以下几种形式: (1) allow +n./prep 如: We can’t allow such a thing. 我们不容许这种事情发生。
(2) allow sb. to do sth 允许某人做某事 如: She allowed me to go fishing. 她允许我去钓鱼。
(3) allow +doing sth 允许做某事 如: We don’t allow smoking in the reading-room. 我们不允许在阅览室吸烟。 (4) be allowed to do sth 如: 被允许做某事
The students are allowed to play games on the play ground after school. 放学后学生们被准许在操场上做游戏。 2. How do you say this in English? 这用英语怎么说?
其意思与What’s this in English相同。 3. It’s made from wood. 它用木材做的。
(1) be made in 在……地方制造,后接表示地点的名词。
(2) be made of 用……制造的,表示原材料未经化学变化,仍可看得出原材料。 (3) be made from 用……制造的,表示原材料经过化学变化,已看不出其原样。 (4) be made by 由(被)……(人)制作,后接表示人的名词或代词。 (5) be made into (某物)被制成……
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(6) be made up of 由……组成 如: The TV set is made inJapan. 这台电视机是日本生产的。 These houses are made of stones. 这些房子是由石头建造的。 Paper is made from wood. 纸是木头造的。
Was this cake made by your mother? 这蛋糕是你妈妈做的吗?
Metal can be made into all kinds of things. 金属可以制成各种各样的物品。
The medical team is made up of ten doctors. 这支医疗队由10位大夫组成。
4. It’s used for helping us to improve our English. 它用来帮助我们提高英语水平。 (1) be used for+ving
be used to do (被)用来做…… 强调用途或作用
(2)be used as (被)作为……而用,强调被当作工具或手段来用。 (3)be used by 被……使用,by 后跟人/物,强调使用者。如: Pens are used for writing. 钢笔被用来写字。
Wood is used to make paper. 木材被用来造纸。
English is used as a foreign language inChina.
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英语在中国被当作外语使用。
Recorders are often used by English teachers. 英语老师经常使用录音机。
5. People are surprised at the rapid development of robots. 人们为机器人的飞速发展感到惊讶。 句子中be surprised at…是一个系表结构,
表示“对……感到惊讶”。而be surprised by…是一个被动语态形式,表示“被……所惊讶”。如:
I am surprised at you. 我对你的举动感到诧异。
The manager was surprised by what he saw on the computer. 那位经理被眼前出现在电脑屏幕上的东西所惊讶。
6. They will no longer want to be our servants, but our masters. 它们将不再愿意做我们的人,而要做我们的主人。
no longer(通常在动词前),not…any longer; not…any more(用于非正式文体中)都可表示“(过去曾……)现在不再……” 如:
She no longer lives here.
She doesn’t live here any longer(或 any more). 她不在这儿住了。(过去她曾住这儿)
7. This method worked well at night as long as the weather was good and the stars could be seen.
在夜间只要天气晴朗,能看见星星,这种方法就能很好地发挥作用。 work well 有效 as long as 只要 三、日常交际用语: What’s it made of from?
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When/where was it made? It was invented in 1879. What will our future be like? I hope your dream will come true. 四、重点语法:
1、 一般过去时的被动语态
谓语部分的基本形式是be 的过去式was/were+及物动词的过去分词。如: When was it made? 它是什么时候制造的? It was made in 1980.它是1980年制造的。 When was the digital camera invented? 数码像机是什么时候发明的? It was invented in 1975. 它是1975年发明的。 2、时间前所用介词的速记歌 年月周前要用in ,日子前面却不行。 遇到几号要用on ,上午下午又是in 。 要说某日上下午,用on 换in 才能行。 午夜黄昏须用at ,黎明用它也不错。 at 也用在时分前,说“差”可要用上to 。
说“过”只可使用past ,多说多练牢牢记,莫让岁月成蹉跎。
Topic 3 Perhaps people will fly to Mars.
一、重点词汇:
1.travel by spaceship 乘宇宙飞船旅行
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2.in the future 将来 3.in order to 为了 4.on the radio 通过收音机 5.take part in 参加 6.grow up 成长、长大 7.prefer…to 喜欢……胜过…… 8.What’s worse 更为糟糕的是 9.be worth it 有好处,值得一干 10.at a distance of 相隔
11.send sb a message 给某人发送信息 二、重点句型:
1. I don’t think aliens can be found in space. 我认为外星人不可能出现在太空里。
(1)当think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect等动词后的宾语从句含有not 的否定词时,该否定应移至主句,即否定主句的谓语动词。如:
I don’t think it will rain tomorrow. 我认为明天不会下雨。
如果主句的主语是第二、三人称,否定式一般不转移。如: He supposes they won’t win the game. 他猜想他们赢不了比赛。
(2)can +be +过去分词,是情态动词构成的被动语态。如: This can’t be done in a short time. 这不是短期内能完成的。
2. It has been two days since we landed on Mars. 自从我们登上火星以来已经两天了。
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it 用作主语谈论时间,常与since 连用。
如:It is(或has been) three years since we left school. 自从我们离开学校以来已经三年了。
3. What’s worse, our water supplies were very low. 更糟糕的是,我们的水供给是非常有限的。
What’s worse 更糟糕的是。类似结构还有:What’s more 更有甚者;更为重要的是。 4. It’s a quarter as big as the earth. 它是地球的四分之一大。
倍数表示法:倍数+as+形容词/副词+as
如:This box is three times as heavy as that one. 这只箱子是那只箱子的三倍重。
5. Mars goes around the sun at a distance of about 228 million kilometers. 恒星在相隔大约228000000千米的地方绕着太阳转动。 (1)at a distance of 相隔 (2)at a distance 在远处。如:
The moon goes around the earth at a distance of380000km. 月球在距地球38万千米的地方绕地球旋转。 The police followed him at a distance. 警察远远地跟着他。 三、日常交际用语:
Sound great! What is it about? What fun! I can’t wait.
You think man can live in space one day? I Think so. I hope I can live there one day. 四、重点语法:
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