高考英语大纲
2015年宁夏中考英语大纲
英 语 一、指导思想
1、以教育部制定的《义务教育英语课程标准(2011年版) 》为依据，在考查基础知识和基本技能的同时，着重考查学生的综合语言运用能力。
2、在保持连续性、稳定性的前提下，进一步推进中考改革，促进初中英语教学改革，促进学生发展。
3、试题所选择的语言素材和创设的语言运用情景与学生的生活实际、生活经验及社会发展实际紧密联系。
4、杜绝繁、偏、旧试题，题量适中，难易适度。 二、考试内容和要求 (一) 语言知识
考查学生在一定的语境中运用语法知识、词汇知识、语用知识的能力，考查形式有单项填空，完形填空、单词拼写、综合填空等。 语法知识的考查以《义务教育英语课程标准(2011年版) 》语法项目表中的五级要求为准(见附录1) 。
词汇考查范围以词汇表(见附录2) 所列1600个单词为依据，同时还包括《义务教育课程标准实验教科书英语》教材中所学的常用单词、习惯用语或固定搭配。 (二) 语言运用 1、听力
考查学生对所听语言材料的理解以及从所听语言材料中获取信息、并能简单记录有关信息的能力。 2、口语
2015年初中毕业生综合素质评价包括英语口语测试，考查学生用英语进行简单口头表达的能力。 3、阅读
阅读理解能力是初中英语中考的主要考查内容，着重考查学生理解各种题材和体裁的书面材料的能力以及从各种材料中获取信息的能力，不仅考查细节，还重视考查深层理解能力，包括把握所读材料的主旨和要义、根据已知事实作出简单推断、理解作者的观点和态度以及根据语境猜测词义等。考试形式不仅有传统的选择题型，还将设置非选择题型。 4、书面表达
着重考查学生以书面形式表达意义的能力。中考书面表达为指导性写作，即要求学生根据所提供的某些信息，按一定的要求写作文或其他形式的材料。提示形式包括中英文写作要点说明或图表提示等。 三、考试方法和试卷结构 (一) 考试方法
考试分听力考试和笔试两部分。先进行听力测试，再进行笔试。进行听力考试时，考生在统一时间内在考场收听录音磁带，边听录音边答题。录音带只放一遍，录音结束，听力考试即结束。考试时间为120分钟。
(二) 试卷结构 试卷题型、计分和说明如下：
附录1 语法项目表 1. 名词
(1)可数名词及其单复数 (2)不可数名词 (3)专有名词 (4)名词所有格 2. 代词 (1)人称代词 (2)物主代词 (3)反身代词 (4)指示代词
(5)不定代词(some, any, no) (6)疑问代词 3. 数词 (1)基数词 (2)序数词 4. 介词和介词短语 5. 连词
6. 形容词 (包括比较级和最高级) 7. 副词 (包括比较级和最高级) 8. 冠词
9. 动词
(1)动词的基本形式 (2)系动词
(3)及物动词和不及物动词 (4)助动词 (5)情态动词 (6)时态 ① 现在进行时 ② 一般现在时 ③ 一般过去时 ④ 一般将来时 ⑤ 过去进行时 ⑥ 现在完成时 (7)被动语态 ① 一般现在时 ② 一般过去时 ③ 一般将来时
(8)非谓语动词(动词不定式做宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语 (9)动词短语 10. 构词法 (1)前缀、后缀 (2)转化
)
(3)合成 11. 句子种类
(1)陈述句(肯定式和否定式)
(2)疑问句(一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句) (3)祈使句 (4)感叹句
12. 简单句的基本句型 (1)主语+系动词+表语 (2)主语+不及物动词 (3)主语+及物动词+宾语
(4)主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 (5)主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 (6)there be 句型 13. 并列复合句 14. 主从复合句 (1)宾语从句 (2)状语从句
(3)定语从句(能辨认出由that, which, who引导的限定性定语从句，并能理解句子意思。)
附录2 词汇表 A
a (an), ability, able, about, above, abroad, absent, accept, accident, according to, achieve, across, act, action, active, activity, actor, actress, add, address, advantage, advertisement, advice, advise, afford, afraid, Africa, African, after, afternoon, again, against, age, ago, agree, agreement, air, airport, alive, all, allow, almost, alone, along, aloud, already, also, although, always, America, American, among, ancient, and, angry, animal, another, answer, ant, any, anybody, anyone, anything, anyway, anywhere, appear, apple, April, area, arm, army, around, arrive, art, article, artist, as, Asia, Asian, ask, asleep, at, attend, attention, August, aunt, Australia, Australian, autumn, avoid, awake, away, awful, B
baby, back, background, bad, bag, ball, balloon, bamboo, banana, bank, baseball, basic, basket, basketball, bathroom, be (am, is, are), beach, bean, bear, beat, beautiful, because, become, bed, bedroom, bee, beef, before, begin, behind, believe, bell, below, beside, best, better, between, big, bike(=bicycle), bill, bird, birth, birthday, biscuit, bit, bitter, black, blackboard, blind, block, blood, blouse, blow, blue, board, boat, body, book, bored, boring, born, borrow, boss, both, bottle, bottom, bowl, box, boy, brain, brave, bread, break, breakfast, breathe, bridge,
bright, bring, Britain, British, brother, brown, brush, build, building, burn, bus, business, busy, but, butter, buy, by C
cabbage, cake, calendar, call, camel, camera, camp, can (can’t/cannot), Canada, Canadian, cancel, candle, cancer, candy, cap, capital, captain, car, card, care, careful, careless, carrot, carry, cartoon, cat, catch, cause, CD, CD-ROM, ceiling, celebrate, cent, central, centre ( AmE center), century, certain, certainly, chair, chalk, chance, change, chant, cheap, cheat, check, cheer, cheese, chemistry, chess, chest, chicken, child (pl. children), China, Chinese, chocolate, choice, choose, chopsticks, Christmas, church, cinema, circle, city, clap, class, classmate, classroom, clean, clear, clever, climb, clock, clone, close, clothes, cloud, cloudy, club, coach, coal, coast, coat, coffee, coin, coke, cold, collect, college, colour (AmE
color),
come,
comfortable,
compare,
common,
communicate,
complete,
communication, community, competition,
composition, computer, concert, condition, connect, consider, continue, control, conversation, cook, cookie, cool, copy, corn, corner, correct, cost, cotton, cough, could, count, country, countryside, couple, courage, course, cousin, cover, cow, crayon, crazy, create, cross, cruel, cry, culture, cup, customer, cut, cute D
daily, dance, danger, dangerous, dare, dark, date, daughter, day,
dead, deaf, deal, dear, death, December, decide, decision, deep, degree, delicious, dentist, depend, describe, desk, develop, development, dialogue (AmE dialog), diary, dictionary, die, difference, different, difficult, difficulty, dig, dining, dinner, direct, direction, director, dirty, discover, discovery, discuss, discussion, disease, dismiss, disturb, dish, divide, do, doctor, dog, doll, dollar, door, double, doubt, down, downstairs, dozen, draw, drawer, dream, dress, drink, drive, driver, drop, drug, drum, dry, duck, dumpling, during, duty, DVD E
each, ear, early, earth, earthquake, east, eastern, easy, eat, education, effort, egg, eight, eighteen, eighth, eighty, either, elder, electronic, elephant, eleven, else, email, empty, encourage, end, enemy, energy, engineer, England, English, enjoy, enough, enter, environment, eraser, especially, Europe, European, even, evening, ever, every, everybody, everyday, everyone, everything, everywhere, exactly, exam (=examination), examine, example, excellent, except, excited, exciting, excuse, exercise, expect, expensive, experience, experiment, explain, express, eye F
face, fact, factory, fail, fair, fall, family, famous, fan, fantastic, far, farm, farmer, fast, fat, father (dad), favourite (AmE favorite), fear, February, feed, feel, feeling, festival, fetch, fever, few, field, fifteen, fifth,
fifty, fight, fill, film, finally, find, fine, finger, finish, fire, first, fish, fisherman, fit, five, fix, flag, floor, flower, flu, fly, follow, food, foot (pl. feet), football, for, force, foreign, forest, forget, fork, form, forty, forward, four, fourteen, fourth, fox, France, free, freeze, French, fresh, Friday, fridge(=refrigerator), friend, friendly, friendship, frog, from, front, fruit, full, fun, funny, furniture, future G
game, garden, gate, general, gentleman, geography, German, Germany, gesture, get, gift, giraffe, girl, give, glad, glass, glove, glue, go, goat, god, gold, good, goodbye (bye), government, grade, grammar, granddaughter, grandfather (grandpa), grandmother (grandma), grandparent, grandson, grape, grass, great, green, grey, ground, group, grow, guard, guess, guest, guide, guitar, gun H
habit, hair, half, hall, hamburger, hand, handbag, handsome, hang, happen, happy, hard, hardly, harmful, hat, hate, have, he, head, headache, health, healthy, hear, heart, heat, heavy, height, hello, help, helpful, hen, her, here, hero, hers, herself, hi, hide, high, hill, him, himself, his, history, hit, hobby, hold, hole, holiday, home, hometown, homework, honest, hope, horse, hospital, hot, hotdog, hotel, hour, house, housework, how, however, huge, human, humorous, hundred, hungry, hurry, hurt, husband
I
I, ice, ice-cream, idea, if, ill, illness, imagine, immediately, important, impossible, improve, in, include, increase, India, Indian, industry, *infer, influence, information, ink, inside, instead, instruction, instrument, interest, interesting, international, Internet, interview, into, introduce, introduction, invent, invention, invite, iron, island, it, its, itself J
jacket, January, Japan, Japanese, jeans, job, join, joke, joy, journey, juice, July, jump, June, just
K
keep, key, keyboard, kick, kid, kill, kilo(=kilogram), kilometer (AmE kilometer), kind, king, kiss, kitchen, kite, knee, knife (pl. knives), knock, know, knowledge,
L
lab (=laboratory), lady, lake, land, language, large, last, late, later, laugh, law, lay, lazy, lead, leader, leaf (pl. leaves), learn, least, leave, left, leg, lemon, lend, less, lesson, let, letter, level, library, license, lie, life, lift, light, like, line, lion, list, listen, litter, little, live, lively, local, lock, London, lonely, long, look, lose, lot, loud, love, lovely, low, luck, lucky, lunch M
machine, mad, madam=madame, magazine, magic, mail, main, make, man (pl. men), manage, manager, many, map, March, mark,
market, marry, master, match, maths (=mathematics), matter, may, May, maybe, me, meal, mean, meaning, meat, medical, medicine, meet, meeting, member, memory, mend, mention, menu, mess, message, metal, method, metre (AmE meter), middle, might, mile, milk, mind, mine, minute, mirror, Miss, miss, missing, mistake, mix, mobile phone, model, modern, moment, Monday, money, monitor, monkey, month, moon, more, morning, most, mother (mum), mountain, mouse (pl. mice), mouth, move, movie, Mr, Mrs, Ms, much, murder, museum, music, musician, must, my, myself
N
name, national, natural, nature, near, nearly, necessary, neck, need, neighbour(AmE neighbor), neither, nervous, never, new, news, newspaper, next, nice, night, nine, nineteen, ninety, ninth, no, nobody, nod, noise, noisy, none, noodle, noon, nor, normal, north, northern, nose, not, note, notebook, nothing, notice, November, now, number, nurse O
object, ocean, o’clock, October, of, off, offer, office, officer, often, oil, OK, old, Olympics, on, once, one, online, only, open, operation, opposite, or, orange, order, other, our, ours, ourselves, out, outside, over, own
P
Pacific, package, page, pain, paint, pair, palace, pale, pancake,
panda, paper, *paragraph, pardon, parent, park, part, party, pass, passage, passenger, passport, past, path, patient, pay, PE (=physical education), peace, pear, pen, pencil, people, percent, perfect, perhaps, period, person, personal, pet, phone (=telephone), photo (=photograph), physics, piano, pick, picnic, picture, pie, piece, pig, pilot, pink, pioneer, pity, place, plan, plane, planet, plant, plastic, plate, play, player, playground, pleasant, please, pleasure, plenty, pocket, poem, point, police, policeman/policewoman, polite, pollute, pollution, pool, poor, popular (pop), population, possible, post, postcard, postman, potato, pound, practice, praise, prepare, present, president, pretty, prevent, price, pride, primary, print, prison, private, prize, probably, problem, produce, product, programme (AmE program ), progress, project, promise, pronounce, pronunciation, proper, protect, proud, provide, public, pull, punish, pupil, purple, purpose, purse, push, put
Q
quarter, queen, question, quick, quiet, quite
R
rabbit, race, radio, railway, rain, rainy, raise, rapid, rather, reach, read, ready, real, realize (AmE realize), really, reason, receive, recently, recite, record, red, refuse, regret, relationship, relative, relax, remain, remember, repair, repeat, reply, report, require, research, rest, restaurant, result, retell, return, review, rice, rich, ride, right, riddle, ring,
rise, risk, river, road, robot, rock, role, room, rope, rose, round, row, rubbish, rule, ruler, run, rush, Russia, Russian
S
sad, safe, safety, sail, salad, sale, salt, same, sand, sandwich, satisfy, Saturday, save, say, scarf, school, schoolbag, science, scientist, scissors, score, screen, sea, search, season, seat, second, secret, secretary, see, seem, seldom, sell, send, sense, sentence, separate, September, serious, serve, service, set, seven, seventeen, seventh, seventy, several, shake, shall, shame, shape, share, she, sheep (pl. sheep), shelf (pl. shelves), shine, ship, shirt, shoe, shop, short, shorts, should, shoulder, shout, show, shower, shut, shy, sick, side, sign, silence, silent, silk, silly, silver, similar, simple, since, sing, single, sir, sister, sit, situation, six, sixteen, sixth, sixty, size, skate, skill, skirt, sky, sleep, sleepy, slow, small, smart, smell, smile, smoke, smooth, snake, snow, snowy, so, social, society, sock, sofa, soft, solve, soldier, solid, some, somebody, someone, something, sometimes, somewhere, son, song, soon, sorry, sound, soup, south, southern, space, spare, speak, speaker, special, speech, speed, spell, spend, spirit, spoon, sport, spread, spring, square, stamp, stand, standard, star, start, state, *statement, station, stay, steal, step, stick, still, stomach, stomachache, stone, stop, store, storm, story, straight, strange, stranger, strawberry, street, strict, strong, student, study, stupid, subject, succeed, success, successful, such, sudden, sugar, suggest, suggestion, summer, sun,
Sunday, sunny, supermarket, supper, supply, support, suppose, sure, surface, surprise, survey, sweater, sweep, sweet, swim, swimming, symbol
T
table, tail, take, talk, tall, tape, task, taste, taxi, tea, teach, teacher, team, technology, telephone, television (=TV), tell, temperature, ten, tennis, tent, tenth, term, terrible, test, text, than, thank, that, the, theatre (AmE theatre), their, theirs, them, themselves, then, there, these, they, thick, thin, thing, think, third, thirsty, thirteen, thirty, this, those, though, thought, thousand, three, through, throw, Thursday, ticket, tidy, tie, tiger, *title, time, tiny, tired, to, today, together, toilet, tomato, tomorrow, ton, tongue, tonight, too, tool, tooth (pl. teeth), toothache, top, total, touch, tour, tourist, toward(s), towel, tower, town, toy, trade, traditional, traffic, train, training, translate, travel, treasure, treat, tree, trip, trouble, trousers, truck, true, trust, truth, try, T-shirt, Tuesday, turn, twelfth, twelve, twentieth, twenty, twice, two
U
ugly, UK, umbrella, uncle, under, underground, *underline, understand, unit, university, unless, until (till), up, upon, upstairs, us, US, use, used, useful, usual, usually
V
vacation, valuable, value, vegetable, very, victory, video, village,
violin, visit, visitor, voice, volleyball
W
wait, wake, walk, wall, wallet, want, war, warm, warn, wash, waste, watch, water, watermelon, way, we, weak, wealth, wear, weather, website, Wednesday, week, weekday, weekend, weigh, weight, welcome, well, west, western, wet, what, whatever, wheel, when, whenever, where, whether, which, while, white, who, whole, whom, whose, why, wide, wife, wild, will, win, wind, window, windy, wing, winner, winter, wise, wish, with, without, woman (pl. women), wonder, wonderful, wood, word, work, worker, world, worry, worse, worst, worth, would, wound, write, writer, wrong
X
X-ray
Y
yard, year, yellow, yes, yesterday, yet, you, young, your, yours, yourself ( pl. yourselves)
Z
zero, zoo