倒装句的学案
语法:倒装句(Inversion)
教学目标:
1. 了解并弄懂全倒装和半倒装的概念。
2. 重点掌握以否定副词so\neither和only 加状语的提到句首的倒装句的情况。 教学过程:
一:自主学习。阅读以下语法精攻的汉字部分,了解并搞清楚什么是倒装,什么是全倒装和半倒装。
英语句子通常有两种语序:一种是陈述语序,一种是倒装语序。将谓语的一部分或全部置于主语之前的语序叫做_____________________。而倒装可分为二种:将整个谓语提到主语之前的叫____________________(full inversion );而只将be 、情态动词或者助动词及借来的助动词do, does, did 放在主语之前的叫做________________________(partial inversion)。
二:找出课文reading 部分中的3个倒装句并写在下方空格处,并还原成正常语序。(注意:用红笔划出句中的助动词或者情态动词或者be )
1._____________________________________________________
还原为正常语序:
_______________________________________________________
2._____________________________________________________
还原为正常语序:
_______________________________________________________
3._____________________________________________________
还原为正常语序:
_____________________________________________________________________________
三:什么情况下用倒装语序:
(一)、完全倒装(Full inversion):全部倒装是将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有:
1. there放在句首时,要用倒装句式。
在“there + be”结构中的谓语动词有时不用be , 而用表示类似“存在”观念的其他不及物动词。如:live, stand, come, lie,和appear 等。 There lies a big tree in front of the house.
Many years ago there lived an old man.
2. 当以there, here, out , in , up , down, away, off, then, over, back 等副词开头的句子,为了起到强调的作用,可构成倒装句,把副词放在句首,主语和谓语位置调换,不加助动词。谓语动词常常是:come, go, rush, run. Our teacher came in.(正常语序)
In came our teacher.(倒装语序)
注意:这种倒装要求:主语必须是名词。主语是人称代词时,主语和谓语语序不变。
It is here.变倒装:Here it is.
He went away. 变倒装:Away he went.
3. 表地点状语的介词短语放在句首,要用倒装句式,以示强调。如:in front
of ;under „;outside „; at the foot of „,on the wall, west of the „在„西边等
这种倒装句也是主谓直接调换位置,不加助动词did, does或do.
1.In front of the tower flews a stream. 2.Under a big tree ___D__, half asleep.
A. did sat a fat man B. a fat man sat
C. did a fat man sat D. sat a fat man
(二)、部分倒装(partial inversion)
部分倒装: 只把助动词、系动词be 或情态动词放在主语之前叫部分倒装
助动词:am, is, are, was, were, will, would, shill, should, have, has, had (原句就有的) ;
情态动词:can, could, may, might, must, ought to, need, dare(原句就有的) ;
助动词:do, does, did (原句 没有,是借来的,借来does,did 之后,后面的动词用原形。) 如: 1.He is never late. 的倒装句:Never is he late. 2. You can work it out only in this way.
倒装句:Only in this way can you work it out.
3. He seldom realizes his mistakes. 其倒装句:Seldom does he realize his mistakes. 部分倒装的情况:
1. 含有否定意义的副词、介词短语或连词,如 never 从来不, hardly 几乎不, seldom 不经常, little很少, scarcely几乎不at no time绝不, not until„直到„才, no/not, rarely很少, no sooner„than „刚„就„;hardly „when 刚„就„;not only„but also 不但„而且„等放在句首时。
2. 特别提醒:①Not until „, „
从句不倒 主句倒
I did not go, until he came back.= Not until he came back, did I go. ②no sooner „„„ than „
主句倒,且用过去完成时 从句不倒,用一般过去时
③hardly „ when „
主句倒,且用过去完成时 从句不倒,用一般过去时
We never go there.= Never do we go there. We had no sooner got home than it began to rain. got home than it began to rain.
④not only „ but also 如连接两个成分时,连接句子时, 前面的句子倒装。 He is not only busy, but also I have a lot of work to do. =Not only is he busy, but also I have a lot of work to do.
2.only 及所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时,要用: only+ 状语+ be /助动词/情态动词+主语及其他 I knew it only when told me the news. =Only when he told me the news did I know it.
Only后的从句不倒
You can make progress in your English only in this way.
=Only in this way can you make progress in your English.
3. 用于 so, nor, neither 开头的句子, 表示重复的内容。
He has been to Beijing. So have I.他去过北京。我也去过。
Jack can not answer the question. Neither / Nor can I.
杰克不会回答这个问题。我也不会。
但是注意:“so +主语+助动词”则表示 “„的确„”加以肯定。
如:Tom studies hard. So he does . (he, Tom同一个人) 汤姆学习努力。他的确努力。
4. so(such) „that 结构中 so/such 放于句首构成倒装。
He runs so fast that we cannot catch up with him.
= So fast does he runs that we cannot catch up with him.
He is such a good student that we like him.
=Such a good student is he that we like him.
5.as though/although(虽然) 引导的让步状语从句,though 省略后,把从句改倒装结构,即将表语、状语或动词原形提到as 前面, 句子为:
形容词/名词/副词/过去分词/动词原形+as +主语+谓语
主谓不倒装
注意:名词前不用a, an, the; 形容词最高级前不用the.
As though the question was hard, he could answer it.
=Hard as the question was, he could answer it.
As though he is a child, he learns well.= Child as he is, he learns well. Although he would try, he couldn’t open the door.
=Try as he would, he couldn’t open the door.
Although I was tired, I tried to help them.
=Tired as I was, I tried to help them.
6. if 虚拟条件句的谓语动词中含有were, had,
should 时, 省去if 后, 把were, had, should提到主语前时: 六:自主学习效果评估:
1. Little _____about his own health though he was very ill.
A. he cared B. did he care C. does he care D. he cares
2. Not until I began to work_____ how much time I had wasted.( 1990)
A. didn’t I realize B. did I realize C. I didn’t realize D. I realize
3. Not only ______polluted but ________crowded.
A. was the city; were the streets B. the city was; were the streets
C. was the city; the streets were D. the city was; the streets were
4. 那个男孩冲出去了。
Out _______ _______ _____________.
5. 他进了。_______________ 6. 给你。_______________.
七、Teacher ’s explanation and drilling
八、课后作业: