初中语法数词讲解

数词

数词分为基数词和序数词两种，基数词表示人或事物的数量，序数词表示人或事物的次序。

注：数词与不定代词、冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词等被称之为限定词。

一、基数词和序数词

基数词 序数词

0 zero

1 one first/1st 第一

2 two second/2nd 第二

3 three third/3rd 第三

4 four fourth/4th 第四

5 five fifth/5th 第五

6 six sixth/6th 第六

7 seven seventh/7th 第七

8 eight eighth/8th 第八

9 nine ninth/9th 第九

10 ten tenth/10th 第十

11 eleven eleventh/11th 第十一

12 twelve twelfth/12th 第十二

13 thirteen thirteenth/13th 第十三

14 fourteen fourteenth/14th 第十四

15 fifteen fifteenth/15th 第十五

16 sixteen sixteenth/16th 第十六

17 seventeen seventeenth/17th 第十七

18 eighteen eighteenth/18th 第十八

19 nineteen nineteenth/19th 第十九

20 twenty twentieth/20th 第二十

21 Twenty-one twenty-first/21st 第二十一

22 Twenty-two twenty-second/22nd 第二十二

23 Twenty-three twenty-third/23rd 第二十三

30 thirty thirtieth/30th 第三十

40 forty fortieth/40th 第四十

50 fifty fiftieth/50th 第五十

60 sixty sixtieth/60th 第六十

70 seventy seventieth/70th 第七十

80 eighty eightieth/80th 第八十

90 ninety ninetieth/90th 第九十

100 hundred hundredth/100th 第一百

基数词的构成和用法

（1）最基本的基数词如下表所示：

one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven

twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen

twenty thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety

（2）基数词的写法

① 21～99 的两位数，十位与个位之间用连字符―－‖。例：

◇ 21 twenty－one ◇ 32 thirty－two

◇ 98 ninety－eight ◇ 99 ninety－nine

② 101～999的三位数，百位数和后面的数之间用连词and ，百、千等数词一律用单数形式。例：

◇ 101 one hundred and one

◇ 225 two hundred and twenty five

◇ 999 nine hundred and ninety－nine

③ 1000以上的数，从后面向前数，每三位中间点―，‖，第一个―，‖前为thousand ，第

二个―，‖前为 million ，第三个―，‖前为billion 。例：

◇ 2，567 two thousand five hundred and sixty－seven

◇ 3，018 three thousand and eighteen

（3） 基数词的用法

① 作主语。例：

◇ Ten is a very important number． 十是一个很重要的数字。

◇ Two and three are （is ） five ． 2加3等于5。

② 作定语。例：

◇ One kilometer is equal to two li． 1公里等于2华里。

◇ She has three brothers． 她有三个兄弟。

③ 作宾语。例：

◇ I wanted three but he gave me five． 我想要三个，但他给了我五个。

◇ I get up before six every day． 我每天六点之前起床。

④ 作表语。例：

◇ —What time is it？几点钟啦？

—It’s ten．十点。

（4） 疑难点

hundred ，thousand 和million 在合成数词中一般用单数形式，但是用来表示不定数目时，用作复数形式。例： ◇ Hundreds of workers will go on strike．

◇ Thousands of people are swimming in the river．

此时 hundred ，thousand 等词前没有数词修饰，且通常其复数形式与of 连用。

序数词的构成与用法

（1） 序数词的构成

① 一般来说，是由相应的基数词加词尾th 构成。例：

◇ four ＋ th → fourth ◇ six ＋ th → sixth

◇ seven ＋ th → seventh ◇ ten ＋ th → tenth

② 下面这些基数词在变为序数词时，有特殊的变化。例：

◇ one → first ◇ two → second ◇ three → third

◇ five → fifth ◇ eight → eighth ◇ nine → ninth

◇ twelve → twelfth

③ 十位整数序数词的构成方法是将基数词的词y 变成i ，然后再加eth 。例：

◇ twenty → twentieth ◇ thirty → thirtieth

◇ forty → fortieth ◇ ninety → ninetieth

④ 两位或两位以上的基数词变成序数词时，仅将个位数变成序数词。例：

◇ twenty－one → twenty－first

◇ thirty－five → thirty－fifth

◇ a hundred andfifty－three → a hundred and fifty－third

（2） 序数词的用法

① 序数词在使用时，一般加上定冠词。例：

◇ the first book ◇ the second floor

◇ the third day ◇ the fourth week．

② 序数词在多数情况下都用作定语，有的也可以作表语、主语和宾语。例：

◇ The may 1st is Labour Day． 五月一日是劳动节。

◇ My room is on the second floor．我的房间在二楼。

◇ The first is larger than the second． （主语） 第一个比第二个大。

◇ Read the book from the first．（宾语） 从开头读这本书。

◇ You’ll be the sixth to write． （表语） 你将是第六个写的。

③ 序数词的前面可以加上不定冠词，用来表示―再一‖，―又一‖的意思。例：

◇ You may have a third try． 你可以第三次尝试。

时间表示法

① 时间都由基数词表示。例：

◇ It’s nine．现在九点。 ◇ It’s not five yet． 还不到五点。

有时后面要加o’clock，但在口语中通常省略。

② 几点几分表示法有两种形式。

A ．倒读法：与汉语顺序不同，先读―分‖后说―点‖。30分钟以内，用―分钟数‖＋past ＋―钟点数‖表示―几点过几分‖，超过30分钟，用―分钟数‖＋ to ＋ ―下一个钟点数‖表示―差几分到几点‖。15分钟也可以用a quarter ，30分钟也可以用a half。例：

◇ 2：15 a quarter past two ◇ 2：45 a quarter to three

◇ 1：55 five to two ◇ 7：05 five past seven

◇ 5：35 thirty five past five ◇ 9：30 half past nine

只有指几点钟整时才用o’clock，如ten o’clock，但不可以说seven past ten o’clock ．

B ．顺读法：与汉语顺序相同，连用两个基数词，第一个表示―点钟‖，第二个表示―分钟‖。

◇ 5：40 five forty ◇ 2：30 two thirty ◇ 1：15 one fifteen

这时的15和30不能用a quater, a half代替。

日期表示法

① 年的读法：用基数词，分成两位一读。例：

◇ 1949 nineteen forty－nine ◇ 1840 eighteen forty

② 月份的名称首字母要大写。例：

◇ January ◇ February ◇ March ◇ April

③ 日期用序数词表示，前面可加the ，也可以省略。例：

◇ 5月4日 May （the ） fourth

◇ 10月1日 October （the ） first

④ 年、月、日的顺序：在英语中，按月、日、年的顺序来读。例：

◇ 1949年10月1日 October （the ） first nineteen forty－nine

◇ 1999年5月1日 May （the ） first nineteen ninety－nine

表示在―在某年、在某月‖用介词in ，如in2000，in September，表示―在某日‖用介词on ，如on July 8。

（5） 编号的读法

① 表示―第几课（部分，章或节）‖时，用序数词时，前面一定要加冠词；用基数词时，不用冠词，但 语序与汉语相反。例：

◇ lesson one → the first lesson

◇ part three → the third part

② 当数字较长时，通常用基数词。例：

◇ 第219页 page 219 （two one nine） ◇ 第306号房间 room 306 （three o six）

◇ 第六路公共汽车 bus number six

◇ 电话号码 885316 telephone number 885316 （eight eight five three one six）

（6）分数、小数和百分数的表示法。

分数：分数分子用基数词，分母为序数词。分子为一时，分母为单，分子大于1，分母用复数。

One fourth 1/4 three fourths或three-fourths 3/4（连字符可用可不用）

小数：均用基数读出。0.02 zero point o two

百分数：用per cent/percent 表示。3% three percent

注：在带有分数的词组作句子的主语中，其后的谓语单复数形式要根据分数后面的名词的数决定。

考题点击1

It is not rare in _____ that people in ____ fifties are going to university for further education.

A. 90s, the B. the 90s, / C. 90s, their D. the 90s, their

题解：表示―几十岁‖；用 in one’s + 数词复数，如：He began to work in his teens.

表示" 年代" ，用 in +the +数词复数；

考题点击2

____ of the land in that district _____ covered with trees and grass.

A. Two fifth, is B. Two fifth, are C. Two fifths, is D. Two fifths, are

题解：分数和百分数作主语时，关键是看其后的名词来决定其谓语动词的数。该题中的是不可数名词，所以动词需用单数。

提醒：表示百分之几或几分之几的人或物，记住一定要加of 。如：百分之三十的学生，要说30% of the students. 巩固练习：将下列句子译成英文。

1. 百分之四十的学生戴眼镜。

_________________________________________________________________

2. 三分之二的钱花在食物上。

_________________________________________________________________

考题点击3

Americans eat ______ vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.

A. more than twice B. as twice as many C. twice as many as D. more than twice as many

题解：（倍数表示法）

主+谓+倍数(或分数)+ as + adj. (+ n.) + as I have three times as many as you.

三、倍数的表达方式

1. 主+谓+倍数+ as +形容词/副词（原级）+ as +比较对象。

This bridge is three times as long as that one . 这座桥是那座桥的三倍长。

2. 主+谓+倍数(分数)+ 形容词(副词) 比较级+ than+比较对象

The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year.今年比去年粮食产量增加8%。

This room is two times bigger than that one． 这个房间比那个（房间）大两倍。

3. 主+谓+倍数(分数)+ the size (weight，length…) +of+比较对象

The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 地球是月球的49倍。

4. 主+谓+ junior (senior)+ to+比较对象

He is five years senior to his younger brother.他比他弟弟大三岁。

5. 主+谓+倍数+ what引导的从句

The college is twice what it was 5 years ago. 这所大学是它五年前的两倍。

数词练习题

基础型

用适当的数词完成下列句子:

1. One h_______ years is a century(世纪).

2. Thursday is the f_______ day of the week.

3. Autumn is the t________ season of the year.

4. Christmas is on December the t_______ each year.

5. Letter H is the e______ letter in the alphabet(字母表) 。

6. There are t_______ months in a year.

7. My brother is just 20. Today is his _____(20岁) birthday.

8. _______ (三分之二)of the fish have been sold out.

提高型

1. –What date is it?-It’s _______.

A. the May fourth B. the fourth of May C. fourth May D. May four

2.My good friend Zhangying studies at ______ Middle School.

A. 16 B. the 16 C. 16th No. D. No.16

3.His uncle has lived at _______ for ten years.

A. No.103 Xinhua Street B. 103 Xinhua Street

C. Xinhua Street 103 D. Xinhua Street No.103

4.Please wait here. I’ll be back in _______ hours.

A. two and half a B. two and a half

C. half and two D. two a half

5.China is _______ larger than the United States.

A. one six B. one sixt h C. one sixes D. a sixths

6.Two ______ died of cold last winter.

A. hundreds old people B. hundreds old peoples

C. hundred old people D. hundred old peoples

7.999 reads nine hundred ______.

A. and ninety ninth B. and ninety-nine

C. ninety and nine D. and nine nine

8.Our teacher told us to write a _________ composition(作文).

A. two-thousand-word B. two-thousand-words

C. two thousands words D. two-thousands-word

9.Henry is ______ tallest in their class.

A. three B. the three C. third D. the third

10.Would you like to try _______ time?

A. two B. second C. a two D. a second

综合型

1.When spring comes, _______ trees are planted in our city.

A. millions of B. a million of C. two millions D. million of

2.The number of the girls in our school ______ more than six ______.

A. are; hundreds B. is; hundred C. are; hundred D. is; hundred

3.The world population will past ______billion by the end of ______century.

A six; twenty B. sixth; twentieth C. six; the twentieth D. the sixth; the twenty

4.John began to learn Japanese by himself in _____.

A. the fifty B. the fifties C. his fifty D. his fifties

5. –When were you born?

-I was born ______.

A. in 1988 June 6 B. on June 6, in 1988 C. in June 6, 1988 D. on June 6, 1988

6. –What’s the English for 12:30?-It’s _____.

A. twelve and thirty B. one to thirty C. twelve thirty D. a half past twelve

7.Most English people have _____ names: _____ name, a middle name and the family name.

A. three; first B. three; a first C. the three; the first D. the third; one first

8.The library in the school isn’t large. There’re only _____ books in it.

A. six thousand, five hundred and forty-one

B. six thousands and five hundreds and forty-one

C. six thousands, five hundred forty and one

D .six thousand, five hundreds and fourth-one

9._____ of the world’s books and newspapers are written in English.

A. Three quarter B. Three of quarters C. Third fourths D. Three fourths

10.In _____ Marx began to learn Russian.

A. a 1870 B. the 1870 C. the 1870’s D. his 1870

11.Today we’re going to learn the _____ lesson.

A. twenty B. 20 C. twentieth D. twentyth

12. –How deep is the hole?-It is _____.

A. four metre deep B. four metres deep C. four-metre deep D. four-metres-deep

13.By the end of last year we had planted about five _____ trees.

A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundred of D. hundreds of

14.We’ve planted _____ trees in the centre of our city this year.

A. hundred B. two hundreds C. hundred of D. hundreds of

15._____ books must be produced for the children.

A. Many thousands B. Many thousands of C. Many thousand of D. Many thousand

16.There are _____ days in June and _____ day is Children’s Day.

A. thirteen, first B. thirty; the second C. thirty; the first D. thirteen; the first

17._____ trees are planted every year.

A. Thousand B. Thousand of C. Thousands D. Thousands of

参考答案：

考题点击：1 D

2 C 40% of the students wear glasses.

Two thirds of the money was spent on food.

3C

练习题：

基础型：1. hundred 2.fifth 3.third 4.twenty-fifth

5. eighth 6.twelve 7. the twentieth 8.Two thirds

提高型：1-5BDACB 6-10 CBADD

综合型：1-5ABCDC 6-10CAADB 11-15 CCADD 16-17CD