初三上册 被动语态的总结

语法归纳--------被动语态

1、

2、 被动语态的构成 助动词be+” 主动变被动的方法

(1)将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语，将主动谓语变为被动谓语(be+) ，将主动语态的主语变为by 短语(在被动句中用作状语) ：

He broke the cup. → The cup ______________by him.

【注意】若不强调动词执行者，被动语态中的by 短语通常可以省略：

What is this flower called? 这种花叫什么花？

(2) 双宾动词的被动语态

He wrote her a letter. → A letter ____________________

She made him a new coat. → A new coat __________________

重点：3. 被动语态的时态 被动语态的时态由被动结构“be+过去分词”中的动词be 来体现，其基本结构和用法如下：

(1) am [is, are]+

English ____________ in our school. 我们学校学英语。

We_______________________ at school. 我们在学校受到很好的照顾。

：was [were]+

He _________________the police station. 他被带到了警察局。

The house ________________ten years ago. 这座房子是10年前建的。

：will be+

A new building ________________here soon. 不久这里将建一栋新楼。

The meeting __________________at two this afternoon. 会议将于今天下午2点举行。

：have [has]been+All the work _________________now. 所有的工作现在都做好了。

___________ the letters________________? 信都寄了吗？

(5)

若主动语态中谓语含有情态动词，在相应的被动语态中通常应保留该情态动词，其结构为“情态动词+be+过去分词”：

Everyone must know this. →Th

This _______________ in a short time. 这不是短期内可以完成的。

Eg. We should plant trees in spring → The trees _________ _________ __________ in spring

You must hand in your homework on time → Your homework ______ _____ _____ _____ on time

同步练习

单项选择：

( )1、-- Why is the classroom so dirty?

-- Sorry, sir. It _____ yesterday. We forgot to do it.

A. didn’t clean B. isn’t cleaned C. wasn’t cleaned

( )2、--Have you heard of the movie 2012?

-- Yes. It _____ in Hongse Theatre last winter.

A. shows B. was shown C. is shown

( )3、The stars _____ in the daytime.

A. can be seen B. can see C. can’t be seen D. can’t see

( )4、--Have all the students known that our class will visit the factory？

-- Yes, every student _____ about it.

A. have told B. have been told C. has told D. has been told

( )5、--To make our city more beautiful, rubbish _____ into the river.

A. needn’t be thrown B. mustn’t be thrown C. can’t throw

用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。

6、Our room must _______________ (keep) clean.

7、A new house _______________ (build) at the corner of the road next year.

8、This kind of car ______________ (make) in Japan.

9、He was seen _______________ (copy) other’s homework.

10、The flowers must _______________ (water) often.

精讲点拨——特别注意的考点

考点一：固定词组搭配不可分开

1. Don’t worry. All the childrenby the nurses.

A. are well taken of B. take good care of C. are taken good care of D. take good care

A. has woken up B. woke up C. wakes up D. was woken up

3. You must throw the broken glass away at once.(2002)

at once

4. You must hand in your history homework by the weekend.(2004)

Your history homework by the weekend.

考点二：动词如see, feel, watch, hear, make, let, have, help等，在主动句中其后面的不定式省to ，但变成被动时，to 要加上去，不能省略。

1. We saw him pick up the wallet.

He up the wallet.

2. The policeman made the young woman move her car. (2003)

her car by the policeman.

区别：

. We saw some boys playing basketball behind the house.

Some boys basketball behind the house

考点三：主动结构表被动意义

1. happen/ take place， open/close(开业/打烊) ， start/end (开始/结束) ，lock, write, read, sell, clean, wash, cut, burn, drive等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可用主动语态表被动意义。

This kind of pen writes very smoothly. 这种笔写起来很流畅。

This kind of shirt sells well.

2.look,sound,taste,smell 等系动词用主动结构表被动意义。

Mooncakes taste delicious. 月饼尝起来很好吃。

3. 在be worth doing 中，doing 表被动意义。

This book__________________ 这本书值得一读。

4. 在need/require +doing相当于want/need/ require +to be done 表示不定式的被动结构。

My bike needs repairing.=My bike needs to be repaired.

A. did; happen B. was; happen C. were; happen D. does; happen

2. -- It’s time to do your homework.

Yes, Mum. I’ll .(2003)

A. ends B. end C. will be ended D. will end

3. Great changes ____ in the village since then.

A. have been taken place B. took place C. have taken place

考点五：双宾语的主动 变为被动时，任何一个宾语都可以作主语。 但是，物做主语，“人”前加to 或for

1. I gave him two pens.

him by me.

2. My mother bought me a watch.

me by my mother.

常考的有：give 、 show 、pass 、lend 、sell 、等 加介词 to ；

buy, make, mend, build, cook ,sing加介词for

3. Miss White said some beautiful coat ____ her in the shop.

A. had shown to B. had been shown to C. had been shown D. had shown

4. A nice gift ____ her daughter on her last birthday.

A. is given B. is given to C. was given D. was given to

常用于被动的固定词组

1、be made of 由……制成/构成 (制出的成品能看出原材料)

2、be made from 由……制成/构成(制出的成品不能看出原材料)

3、be made in ＋地方 在某地制造

4、be made by ＋执行者 由某人制造

5、be used for sth./doing sth. \be used to do sth. 被用来做某事

6、be known as… 作为……而闻名/知名

7、be known/famous for 以…而闻名/出名

8、be filled with / be full of 装满，充满

9、be covered with 被。。。覆盖