被动语态单句改错练与析(省教科所论文)

被动语态单句改错练与析

下面各句都有一处错误请改正：

1. Your pronunciation should be paid attention.

2. She was heard sing an English song in the classroom.

3. Whom was English spoken in the next room just now?

4. The job had better been finished ahead of time.

5. Great changes have been taken place in our country.

6. This kind of cloth is washed well.

7. The patient needs being taken care of.

8. A maths problem was discussed when I entered the classroom.

9. People should be stopped cutting more trees.

10. The soup is tasted wonderful.

【答案与简析】

1、attention 后加to 。有些短语动词相当于及物动词也有被动语态。短语动词变成被动语态时，不能把后面的介词或副词漏掉。如： (介词) 副词)

2、sing 改为to sing。 有些动词如see , hear , watch , notice, listen to , let , make等，要求不带不定式符号to 的不定式做宾语补足语，但变成被动语态时要加上不定式符号to , 原来的宾语变成主语，原来的宾语补足语就变成了主语补足语。

3、whom 改为By whom ,或spoken 后加by 。

Who spoke English in the next room just now? (主动语态)

先把who 当作主语sb 变为被动语态，得到下面的句子。

English was spoken by whom in the next room just now?

疑问词要放在句首变为：

Whom was English spoken by in the next room just now?

介词by 可以同whom 一起放在前面，也可以放在后面。

4、been 改为be 。含had better的句子由主动语态变为被动语态时作用相当于一个情态动词，同can, may, must 等，变为被动语态时相同。类似的词组还有seem to ,happen to ,used to ,have to ,be able to 等。如：

I happened to meet him yesterday.

He happened to be met by me yesterday.

5、去掉been 。 take place, happen, break out ,break in， occur 等都属于不及物动词（词组）不能用于被动语态。

6、is washed改为washes 。 begin, write , read , sell , wash, keep ,wear open close等动词后加well; easily ，long 等副词或介词短语时，用主动语态表被动意思。如：

Class begins at eight. The shop closes early on Fridays.

These books sell well.

7、being taken改为taking 或把being 改为to be。

need ,want ,require三个词的主语是后面跟的动词的承受者时，动名词用主动形式，表示被动意思. 不定式用被动形式，句型为：

sb/sth needs/wants/requires doing/to be done

如The tree needs watering/to be watered.

The patient requires looking after/to be looked after.

8、was 后加being 。现在进行式的被动语态形式为am/is /are +being+过去分词。过去进行式的被动语态形式为was / were +being+过去分词。

如：A new railway is being built now.

I was told that my bike was being repaired.

9 stop后加from 。 stop/prevent/ keep sb/sth (from) doing sth阻止„„干某事。在主动语态中from 可以省去，变成被动句sb/sth be stopped / prevented from doing sth. from 不可省。Keep sb/sth from doing sth意思也是“阻止„„干（做）„„事”无论在主动语态或被动语态中，from 不能省去, 若省去from 就变成keep sb/sth doing sth使某人一直干某事。

10. is tasted 改为tastes 。 由实意动词演变而来的系动词，如taste , feel, look, sound, smell, appear 等，后接形容词作表语，不可用于被动语态。

【达标练习】

1. Women were looked down in the old days.

2. The naughty boy was made do his homework.

3. Who was the new bridge built?

4. Heavy work was used to be done by him.

5. His house broke into by a thief last night.

6. These shoes are worn well.

7. The room wants to clean.

8. Have you moved into your new house?

No, it is painting now.

9. Our school is looked more beautiful than before

10. Bird flu（禽流感）should be prevented spreading（蔓延）

参考答案：

1.down —down upon/on 2.do —to do 3.built —built by或who —by whom 4. 去掉was

5.broke —was broken 6.are worn —wear 7.to clean —to be cleaned 或cleaning 8.is painting —is being painted 9. is looked 改为 looks 10. prevented后加from

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