英语单词的重音规则
七大特殊单词重音规则
1. 英语中派生词的重音和词根重音一致。 派生词就是一些有同样词根的词。比如: act, active, actively com'pare com'parison
2. 带有下列后缀的词:-ary, -ery, -ory, -ism, -ist, -mony, -ment, -ary 等,重音通常在第一个音节上。例如: customary scientist slavery factory realism
3. 带下列前缀的词:a-, ab-, ac-, ad-, al-, be-, con-, de-, dis-, em-, en-, in-, mis-, re-, trans-, un-重音通常在第二音节上。例如: a'bout ab'duce ac'cede ad'mire be'long con'sult de'tect dis'like
4. 带下列后缀的词:-aim, -ain, -cur, -eem, -duce, -ere, -firm, -gn, -oin, -oke, -ose, -pt, -rce, -self, -ume重音通常在第二音节。 contain occur sincere design confirm
5. 带下列后缀的词:-ade, -ain, -ee, -eer, -esque, -ette, -ique, -ine, -oon重音通常在最后一个音节。这些词一般都是从法语中借来的词。例如: emplo'yee an'tique maga'zine ci'gar volun'teer gaso'line
6. 带下列后缀的词:-eous, -ial, -ian, -ic, -ics, -ient, -ion, -ious, -ish, -it, -liar, -sive, -tal, -uous重音通常在倒数第二音节上。例如: oc'casion re'lation as'tonish de'posit mu'sician
7. 但是有些派生词,比如从名词派生出来的形容词,它的重音就得发生变化,通常是后移。 例如: 'science scien'tific 'accident acci'dental 'democrat demo'cratic 'politics po'litical
其实,英语词汇的重音位置通常是有规律的。例如:有些双音节词汇做名词时重音往往落在首音节上;而做动词时,重音就落在第二音节上了。这些词汇常见的有:addict ,accent ,abstract ,annex 等。
可见,掌握好并读准单词的重音有一定的规律可循。
为了便于记忆和学习,现将部分规则按重音位置和字母顺序
作如下归纳,并从理论上进行简要分析。
一、归类部分
.重音落在末音节的字母组合
①以-ee 结尾,读音为/i:/的词汇:
appellee chimpanzee conferee contestee decree drawee evacuee em-ployee goatee grandee guarantee indictee inductee
②以-act 结尾,读音为/ækt/的词汇,多为动词:
contact contract detract distract exact enact intact interact
③-air ,-aire 或-are 结尾,读音为/eə/的:
affair concessionaire enclair millionaire aware prepare ④以-ade 结尾,读音为/eid/的词汇:
arcade brigade colonnade escalade escapade (exception :decade )
⑤以-ane 结尾,读音为/ein/的词汇:
inane insane profane humane
⑥以-ceive 结尾,读音为/si:v/的动词:
conceive deceive perceive receive
⑦以-duce 结尾,读音为/dju:s/的词汇:
conduce deduce induce introduce reduce reproduce subduce traduceseduce
⑧以-ease 结尾,读音为/i:z/或/i:s/的词汇:
appease decease decrease disease increase predecease release sub-lease surcease
⑨以-een 结尾,读音为/i:n/的名词:
colleen canteen preteen Salween shagreen thirteen spalpeenvelevteen yestreen
⑩以-eer 结尾,读音为/iə/的名词:
cannoneer compeer domineer engineer fronteer gadgeteer gazetter pamphleteer patrioteer
(11)以-ect 结尾,读音为/ekt/的动词:
affect bisect collect defect direct detect correct confect connect disinfect eject elect
(12)以-ede 结尾,读音为/i:d/的动词:
accede antecede concede impede intercede precede recede retrocede secede supercede
(13)以-end 结尾,读音为/end/的动词:
attend amend commend comprehend contend defend depend extend intend represend subtend
(14)以-el 结尾,读音为/el/的词汇:
compel impel Nobel marcel propel rebel(v .)
(15)以-ert 结尾,读音为/ə:t/的词汇:
assert concert convert desert introvert subvert
(16)以-ese 结尾,读/i:s/或/i:z/的词汇:
Chinese Japanese Napalese sudanese telegraphese vietnamese
(17)以-clude 结尾,读音为/klu:d/的动词:
conclude exclude include occlude preclude seclude
(18)以-esce 结尾,读音为/es/的词汇:
coalesce deliquesce effloresce evanesce recrudesce
(19)以-ess 结尾,读音为/es/的动词:
compress confess depress express impress profess redress represssuppress transgress
若不是动词,以-ess 结尾的词汇之重音位置不固定: 'progress 'congress pro'cess un'less
(20)以-est 结尾,读音为/est/的动词:
adjest congest contest digest infest protest suggest
(21)以-ette 结尾,读音为/et/的词汇:
cassette cigarette brunette coquette chemisette forssette frisettegazette grisette
(22)以-form 结尾,读音为/fɔ:m/的动词:
conform perform reform transform(但uniform 是名词)
(23)以-ict 结尾,读音为/ikt/的动词:
afflict conflict constrict contradict inflict predict restric
(24)以-ide 结尾,读音为/aid/的词汇:
aside astride beside confide divide provide reside subside
(25)以-ign 结尾,读音为/ain/的动词:
assign condign design consign resign
(26)以-ire 结尾,读音为/aiə/的动词:
conspire esquire expire desire inquire inspire require respire
(27)以-lapse 结尾,读音为/læps/的词汇:
collapse prolapse relapse
(28)以-mit 结尾,读音为/mit/的词汇:
admit commit demit emit intermit omit permit pretermit remit submit transmit
(若是名词,重音落在首音节,如:'limit 'summit 'vomit)
(29)以-ort 结尾,读音为/ɔ:t/的动词:
disport distort escort export import report retort support trans-port
(若是名词,重音多落在首音节:escort export import bistort purport等。)
(30)以-ore 结尾,读音为/ɔ:/的词汇:
afore before deplore explore restore
(31)以-pose 结尾,读音为/pəuz/、/pəus/的动词:
depose decompose expose impose interpose oppose indispose predis-pose propose suppose
(32)以-scribe 结尾,读音为/skraib/的词汇:
conscribe describe escribe prescribe subscribe transcribe
(33)以-scend 结尾,读音为/send/的词汇:
ascend condescend descend transcend
(34)以-oon 结尾,读音为/u:n/的词汇:
afternoon balloon buffoon cartoon cocoon decocoon dragoon festoon galloon octoroon pocaroon (exception :forenoon )
(35)以-que 结尾,读音为/k/的词汇:
antique boutique blottesque burlesque arabesque cacique critique grotesque Japanesque mystique
(36)以-r 结尾,现在分词和过去分词均要双写(r -red ,-ring ): demur incur inter infer occur prefer recur refer transfer
(37)以-uct 结尾,读音为/ʌkt/的词汇:
conduct construct deduct instruct obstruct product
(38)以-ult 结尾,读音为/ʌlt/的词汇:
consult exult insult occult midcult result
(39)以-ume 结尾,读音为/ju:m/的词汇:
assume consume perfume presume subsume
(40)以-use 结尾,读音为/ju:s/或/ju:z/的词汇:
accuse confuse excuse perfuse refuse suffuse transfuse
(41)以-ure 结尾,读音为/juə/ (其中-sure 读音为/ʃu ə/ 、-ture 读音为/tʃu ə/)的词汇:
accure impure immure insecure insure inure mature obscure per-dure procure secure(exceptions :'epicure 'manicure )
2.重音落在倒数第二个音节的字母组合:
①以-ial 结尾,读音为/ʃəl/、/iəl/或/jəl/的词汇:
/ʃəl/:confidential existential impartial inferential influential initial prejudicial sacrificial substantial
/iəl/:authorial bimestrial colloquial gressorial material mercurial ministerial motorial pictorial prefatorial tectorial visitorial bicentennial colonial
/jəl/:antimonial
②以-ian 结尾,读音为/ʃən/、/iən/、/jən/的词汇:
/ʃən/:academician arithmetician acoustician electrician Eurasian Lin-guistician musician Persian politician practician
/iən/、/jən/:Cantabrigian collegian Colombian historian
rosarian salu-tatorian subclavian
③以-ia 结尾,读音为/iə/、/jə/、/ʒə/的词汇:
国名、地名:Australia Ethiopia Indonesia Malaysia Mauritania Roma-nia
医学:abulia achromatopsia acidemia acrophobia aerophobia bilharzia insomnia
其他:academia
encyclopedia
④以-ic 结尾,读音为/ik/偶或包括以-ics 结尾的词汇:
atomatic atmospheric autarkic autographic ballistic climatic cosmeticenteric epidemic
⑤以-ior 结尾,读音为/iə/的词汇,形容词居多:
inferior junior posterior prior senior superior ulterior ⑥以-it 结尾,读音为/it/的词汇:
cohabit demerit discredit discomfit decrepit deposit explicit dispirit disinherit inspirit inherit inhabit inhibit reposit transit visit
⑦以-scence (n .)或-scent (adj )结尾:
acescence
convalescence acquiescence evanescence deliquescence obso-lescence acedia cryptomeria razzia reminiscence renascence decrescent marcescent pubescent re-crudescent quiescent resipiscent
suffrutescent
⑧以-ion 或-sion 结尾:
accusaion abolition confusion explosion decision impression
invitation
3.重音落在倒数第三个音节的字母组合:
①以-fy 结尾,读音为/fai/的动词:
acidify identify intensify emulsify lapidify personify qualify modify prettify simplify transmogrify
②以-ical 结尾,读音为/ik(ə)l/的词汇:
academical chemical electrical political periodical encyclical
technological
③以-icide 结尾,读音为/isaid/的词汇:
suicide aborticide acaricide foeticide fratricide herbicide infanticide liberticide uxoricide
④以-itude 结尾,读音为/itju:d/的词汇:
attitude decrepitude infinitude lassitude latitude platitude
⑤以-ity 结尾,读音为/iti/的词汇:
ability curiosity civility facility fragility opportunity personality possibility sensitivity simplicity speciality teleologi-cal inimical theoretical persua-sion excitation suggestion
utility vanity whimsicality
⑥以-graph 或-phy 结尾,读音为/grəf/或/fi/的词汇:
aerography bibliography biography calligraphy chirography geography lexicography photography planography telegraphy theosophy philosophy ⑦以-ology 结尾,读音为/ɔl əd ʒɪ/的词汇:
aerology bibliology bryology crytology ecology Egyptology lexicology technology pestology psychology testaceology teleology theology zoology ⑧以-otomy 结尾,读音为/ɔt əmi/的词汇:
neurotomy tenotomy tracheotomy trichotomy ⑨以-ular 结尾,读音为/julə/的词汇:
biangular binocular consular insular intercelluar ocular orbicular popular particular secular regular triangular
4.词汇加了前缀后的重读位置
①重读落在第一音节的词汇,加前缀后,重读位置不变: 'dazzle —be'dazzle 'operate—co'operate
'force —en'force 'logical—il'logical
'literate —il'literate 'constant—in'constant ②重读落在第二音节的词汇,加前缀后,原重读位置不受影响,但前缀的字母组合作为一个音节可重读或次重读:
pro'duce —'repro'duce
'graduate —'post'graduate
'national —'inter'national
im'pressionism —'neo-imp'ressionism (the only exception:'finite —'infinie )