英语八级语言学选择题及答案

语言学试题及参考答案一

1. Linguistics is the scientific study of __________. A. a particular language B. the English language

C. human languages in general

D. the system of a particular language

2. The consonant [f] in English can be correctly described as having the following phonetic features: __________.

A. voiceless, bilabial, stop

B. voiceless, labiodental, fricative

C. voiced, bilabial, stop D. voiced, labiodental, fricative

3. There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix

A. derivational morpheme B. free morpheme

C. inflectional morpheme D. free form

4. In the phrase structure rule

A. is equal to B. consists of C. has D. generates

5.

A. entails B. presupposes C. is inconsistent with D. is synonymous with

6. Y's utterance in the following conversation exchange violates the maxim of __________.

X: Who was that you were with last night?

Y: Did you know that you were wearing odd socks? A. quality B. quantity C. relation D. manner

7. Changes in a language are changes in the grammar of the speakers of the language. This means that phonemes, __________, words and grammatical rules may be borrowed, added, lost or altered.

A. phrases B. sentences C. morphemes D. utterances

8. In a speech community people have something in common __________a language or a particular variety of language and rules for using it.

A. socially B. linguistically C. culturally D. pragmatically

9. Which of the major mental functions listed below is not under the control of the left hemisphere in most people? __________.

A. language and speech B. visual and spatial skills

C. reading and writing D. analytic reasoning

10. In general, the __________ stage begins roughly in the second half of the child's second year. A. babbling B. one-word C. two-word D. multiword

答案： 1、C 2、B 3、C 4、B 5、A 6、C 7、C 8、B 9、B 10、C

语言学试题二

1.The famous quotation from Shakespeare's play “Romeo and Juliet” „A rose by any other name would smell as sweet‟ well illustrates _______.( )

A.the conventional nature of language B.the creative nature of language C.the universality of language

D.the big difference between human language and animal communication

2.Of the following sound combinations, only _______ is permissible according to the sequential rules in English.( )

A.kibl B.bkil C.ilkb D.ilbk

3.The sentence that has a NP and a VP can be shown in a _______ formula

A.hierarchical B.linear C.tree diagram D.vertical

4.It is the _______ on Case assignment that states that a Case assignor and a Case recipient should stay adjacent to each other.( )

A.Case Condition B.parameter

C.Adjacent Condition D.Adjacent Parameter

5.Predication analysis is a way to analyze _______ meaning. A.phoneme B.word C.phrase D.sentence

6.According to Searle,those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called _______.( )

A.commisives B.directives C.expressives D.declaratives

7.The term _______ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.

A.synchronic B.diachronic C.comparative D.historical comparative

8.The way in which people address each other depends on their age, sex, social group, and personal relationship. The English system of address forms frequently used includes first name, last name, title+last name, _______,and kin term. A.title+first name B.title+title

C.title alone D.first name+last name+title

9.Language and thought may be viewed as two independent circles overlapping in some parts. When language and thought are identical or closely parallel to each other, we may regard thought as

A.vocal thought B.subvocal thought C.covert thought D.overt thought

10.Whcih of the following best states the behaviorist view of child language acquisition?_______.( )

A.Language acquisition is a process of habit formation B.Language acquisition is the species-specific property of human beings

C.Children are born with an innate ability to acquire language

D.Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use

答案 1.A 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.D 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.D 10.A

语言学试题三

1、As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people

actually use, and not to lay down rules for

it is said to be ___. A、 prescriptive B、 sociolinguistic C、 descriptive

D、 psycholinguistic

2、Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible. A、 mouth B、 lips C、 tongue

D、 vocal cords

3、The morpheme

A、 bound morpheme B、 bound form

C、 inflectional morpheme D、 free morpheme

4、A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that

introduces the embedded clause. A、 coordinator B、 particle C、 preposition D、 subordinator

5、

D、 presupposes

6、The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way

speakers interpret sentences is called ___. A、 semantics B、 pragmatics C、 sociolinguistics D、 psycholinguistics

7、Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes,

which are ___ or generalization. A、 elaboration B、 simplification

C、 external borrowing D、 internal borrowing

8、___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication.

A、 Lingua franca B、 Creole C、 Pidgin

D、 Standard language

9、Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in

addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation

of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, ___ .

A、 Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrus B、 Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortex C、 Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neurons

D、 Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area

10、According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconcious

development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in

daily communicative situations. A、 learning B、 competence C、 performance D、 acquisition

答案 1、C 2、C 3、D 4、D 5、D 6、B 7、B 8、C 9、A 10、D

语言学试题四

1.The pair of words “lend”and “borrow”are ___.( ) A.gradable opposites B.relational opposites C.co-hyponyms D.synonyms

2.The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the work of the British scholar .( ) A.Jacob Grimm B.Rasmus Rask C.Franz Bopp D.Sir William Jones

3.A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as __.( )

A.unusual B.something to be feared C.abnormal D.natural

4.__produce fast and fluent speech with good intonation and pronunciation but the content of their speech ranges from mildly inappropriate to complete nonsense,often as unintelligible.( )

A.Broca's aphasic B.The linguistic deprivation

C.The damage on the angular gyrus D.Wernicke's aphasic

5.Some Southern learners of English in China tend to say “night” as “light”.This shows: .( ) A.They cannot pronounce/n/

B.Interlangue interference because there is notthe sound /n/in their mother tongue

C.The teachers do not have a good teaching method D.They do not like to pronounce nasal sounds

6.A word with several meanings is called __word.( ) A.a polysemous B.a synonymous C.an abnormal D.a multiple

7.The function of the sentence “A nice day, isn't it?”is __.( )

A.informative B.phatic C.directive D.performative

8.The most recognizable differences between American English and British English are in __ and vocabulary.( ) A.usage B.grammar C.pronunciation D.structure

9.__deals with the way in which a language varies through geographical space.( )

A.Linguistic geography B.Lexicology C.Lexicography D.Sociolinguistics

10.The semantic components of the word “gentleman” can be expressed as __.( )

A.+animate,+male,+human,-adult B.+animate,+male,+human,+adult C.+animate,-male,+human,-adult D.+animate,-male,+human,+adult

答案 1.B 2.D 3.D 4.D 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.B

语言学试题五

Tick off the correct or the best possible answers:

1 One of the properties of language is that a language user can understand and produce sentences he/she has never heard before. This property of language is called ________.

A. duality B. productivity C. displacement D.

arbitrary Key: B

2 The ______ function refers to the fact that language can be used for establishing a favorable atmosphere or maintaining social contact rather than for exchanging information or ideas.

A. phatic B. directive C. evocative D. performative Key: A

3 From a functional approach, the _______ meaning of a language use consists of what is communicated of the feelings and attitudes of the speaker/writer.

A. affective B. associative C. stylistic D. collocative Key: A

4 When -ing in 'gangling' is removed to get a verb 'gangle', we call this way of creating words ________.

A. suffixation B. back-formation C. blending D. acronymy Key: B

5 ______ refers to the process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance.

A. Degradation B. Specialization C. Elevation D. Extension Key: C

6 As we know, every speaker has his own pet words and expressions and special way of expressing his ideas in language. This language variety of individual users is called ______.

A. idiolect B. regional dialect C. temporal dialect D. social dialect Key: A

7 When pitch, stress and length variations are tied to the sentence rather than to the word, they are collectively known as ________.

A. intonation B. tone C. phoneme D. sentence stress Key: A

8 _______ refers to the change of a sound as a result of the influence of an adjacent sound.

A. Addition of sound B. Loss of sound C. Metathesis D. Assimilation Key: D

9 Basically, all the languages in the world can be classified in terms of language family. Vietnamese and Korean are two languages in the ______ family. A. Indo-European B. Sino-Tibetan

C. Hamito-Semitic D. Malayo-Polynesian Key: B

10 A _______ is the minimal contrastive unit in the writing system of a language.

A. morpheme B. phoneme C. grapheme D. letter Key: C

11 All mono-morphemic words are constituted by free morphemes, and those poly-morphemic words which consist wholly of free morphemes are called_________. A. hyponyms B. compounds C. blends D. allomorphs Key: B

12 The requirement that the forms of two or more words of specific word classes which stand in specific syntactic relationship with one another shall also be characterized by the same paradigmatically marked category or categories is called _______.

A. concord B. government C. recursiveness D. cohesion Key: A

13. The formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another is called _____. A. blending B. clipping

C. acronymy D. compounding Key: A

14. The distinction of 'linguistic potential' and 'actual linguistic behavior' is proposed by _______. A. N. Chomsky B. F. de Saussure C. M. A. Halliday D. J. Austin Key: C

15. The word meaning given in the dictionary is called _____ meaning.

A. denotative B. connotative

C. collective D. stylistic Key: A

16. When we consider the variation relating to what a user is trying to do with language, we are dealing with addressee relationship-continually categorized as

17. According to words' structures, Turkish is a typical ______ language.

A. isolating B. fusional C. analytic D. agglutinative Key: D

18. ______ refer to the fact that one type of utterance is typically followed by a special type of utterance. A. Minimal pairs B. Illocutionary acts C. Social dialects D. Adjacency pairs Key: D

19. The relation between

A. gradability B. complementarity C. hyponymy D. homonymy Key: B

20. The words

A. French B. German C. Italian D. Spanish Key: A

21. The distinction of langue and parole is proposed by______.

a. N. Chomsky b. F. de Saussure c. M. A. Halliday d. J. Austin Key: b

22 Which of the following is the exception to the feature of arbitrariness of language

a. native English words b. borrowed words c. echoic words d. one-syllable words Key: c

23 Which of the following feature cannot be used to describe the phone [s]

a. voiceless b. oral c. alveolar d. lateral Key: d

24 In terms of place of articulation, the two consonants [f], [v] are ________.

a. dental b. alveolar c. palatal d. labiodental Key: d 25 In terms of manner of articulation, the sounds [p], [b], [t], [d], [k], [g] are ________.

a. affricates b. fricatives c. bilabial d. oral stops Key: d

26 Which of the following statements about allophone is NOT correct

a. Allophones are different forms of the same phoneme

b. Allophones of the same phoneme are in complementary distribution.

c. Allophones distinguish meaning. d. Allophones are language specific. Key: c

27 Which of the following words is not a free morpheme a. able b. pet c. change d. dusty Key: d

28 How many morphemes are there in the word discharged a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5 Key: b

29 Which of the following words is made up of bound morphemes only

a. happiness b. television c. ecology d. teacher Key: c

30. Language is passed on from one generation to the next by teaching and learning rather than by instinct. This property of language is called_____.

a. interchangeability b. productivity c. cultural transmission d. arbitrariness Key: c

31 The famous quotation from Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet 'A rose by any other name would smell as sweet' well illustrates _______.

A. the conventional nature of language B. the creative nature of language C. the universality of language

D. the big difference between human language and animal communication Key: A

32 Of the following sound combinations, only _______ is permissible according to the sequential rules in English. A. kibl B. bkil C. ilkb D. ilbk Key: A

33 The sentence that has a NP and a VP can be shown in a _______ formula

A. hierarchical B. linear C. tree diagram D. vertical Key: B

34 It is the _______ on Case assignment that states that a

Case assignor and a Case recipient should stay adjacent to each other.

A. Case Condition B. Case Parameter

C. Adjacent Condition D. Adjacent Parameter Key: C

35. Predication analysis is a way to analyze _______ meaning.

A. phoneme B. word C. phrase D. sentence Key: D

36. According to Searle, those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called _______.

A. commisives B. directives C. expressives D. declaratives Key: A

37. The term _______ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages. A. synchronic B. diachronic

C. comparative D. historical comparative Key: B

38. The way in which people address each other depends on their age, sex, social group, and personal relationship. The English system of address forms frequently used includes first name, last name, title+last name, _______, and kin term. A. title+first name B. title+title

C. title alone D. first name+last name+title Key: C

39. Language and thought may be viewed as two independent circles overlapping in some parts. When language and thought are identical or closely parallel to each other, we may regard thought as

A. vocal thought B. subvocal thought C. covert thought D. overt thought Key: D

40.Whcih of the following best states the behaviorist view of child language acquisition

A. Language acquisition is a process of habit formation.

B. Language acquisition is the species-specific property of human beings.

C. Children are born with an innate ability to acquire language.

D. Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use. Key: A

41. The words

A. Chinese B. German C. Italian D. Spanish Key: A

42. The term _______ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages. A. synchronic B. diachronic

C. comparative D. historical comparative Key: B

43. The formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another is called _____. A. blending B. clipping C. acronymy D. compounding Key: A

44. According to words' structures, Latin is a typical ______ language.

A. isolating B. fusional C. analytic D. agglutinative Key: B

45. The relation between

A. gradability B. complementarity C. hyponymy D. homonymy Key: C

46. One of the property of language is that there is no logical connection between meaning and sounds. This property of language is called________.

A. duality B. productivity C. displacement D. arbitrariness Key: D

47. The________ function refers to the use of language to create certain feelings in the hearer.

A. phatic B. directive C. evocative D. performative Key: A

48. The _______ meaning of a word consists of the associations it acquires on account of the meanings of words which tend to occur in its environment.

A. associative B. affective C. stylistic D. collocative Key: D

49. When -or in editor is removed to get a verb edit, we call this way of creating words ________.

A. suffixation B. back-formation C. blending D. acronymy Key:

50. The relation between

A. gradability B. complementarity C. hyponymy D. homonymy Key: C

51. Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from

the immediate situations of the speaker. This is what we mean by __________.

A. duality B. productivity C. displacement D. arbitrariness Key: C

52. When language is used to get the hearer to do something, then it serves a _______ function.

A. directive B. informative C. interrogative D. expressive 53. The description of a language at some point in time is a ________ study.

A. diachronic B. synchronic C. descriptive D. prescriptive Key: B

54. The distinction between

55. According to the places of articulation, sounds in English such as [t], [l], and[z] can be labeled as _______ ones. A. dental B. bilabial C. velar D. alveolar Key: D

56. According to the morphological analysis, the underlined part in the word

A. root B. stem C. prefix D. suffix Key: B

57. Words such as

A. affixation B. compounding C. conversion D. blending Key: D

58. According to the syntactic construction analysis, simple sentence such as

A. endocentric B. exocentric C. coordinate D. subordinate Key: B

59. The sense relationship between

A. complementarity B. gradability C. relational opposites D. hyponymy Key: A

60. Componential analysis is a method of analyzing________ meaning.

A. sentence B. lexical C. grammatical D. utterance Key: B