小学英语总结 动词

第三讲 动 词

这里所说的动词是指各种动词总称，其中包括be动词、情态动词、助动词、行为动词（就是我们平时总说的那种动词）。

动词、名词和形容词不太容易区分，如不能一眼看出，可用如下方法：

先用―一（量词）‖（如：一个、一张等）和这个词连起来说，如说得通，一般认为是名词；说不通再用―很‖去判断，就是把―很‖和为个词连起来说，说得通一般就是形容词；都说不通就是动词。（目前我们学过的，以后可能不同）（另外一些很明显的，如人称代词、数词、情态动词等一下就可以知道）

1、be动词（ am, is, are, was, were ）

1）am—was, is –was, are--were 口诀：我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它，所有复数全用are。

2）肯定和否定句 I am (not) from London. He is(not) a teacher. She is(not) in the dining room. My hair is(not)

long. Her eyes are(not) small.

3）一般疑问句 Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t. Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.

Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.

4）be动词的否定形式：am not（没有缩写形式），are not = aren’t ，is not = isn’t 。

用恰当的be动词填空。

练一练：

1、用be动词的适当形式填空。

1）I ______ a boy. ______ you a boy? No, I _____ not.

2）The girl______ Jack's sister.

3）The dog _______ tall and fat.

4）The man with big eyes _______ a teacher.

5）______ your brother in the classroom?

6）How _______ your father?

7）Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school.

8）Whose dress ______ this?

9）Whose socks ______ they? 10）Who ______ I?

11）The jeans ______ on the desk.

12）Here ______ a scarf for you. 13）Here ______ some sweaters for you.

14）The black gloves ______ for Su Yang.

15）This pair of gloves ______ for Yang Ling.

16）The two cups of milk _____ for me. 17）Some tea ______ in the glass.

18）Gao shan's shirt _______ over there. 19）My sister's name ______Nancy.

20）______ David and Helen from England? 21）There ______ a girl in the room.

22）There ______ some apples on the tree.

23）_______ there any apple juice in the bottle?

24）There _______ some bread on the plate.

25）You, he and I ______ from China.

26）There _______ a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park.

2、助动词（ do, does, did ）

do, does用于一般现在时，其过去式did用于一般过去时。它们通常用在疑问句和否定句中。它们的否定形式：do not = don’t, does not = doesn’t, did not = didn’t。

注意：在一般现在时中，does用于第三人称单数，其余一律用助动词do；助动词do, does, did后面一定要用动词原形。

练

1、用适当的助动词填空。

1) ______you like this magazine?

2) The girl______like bread for breakfast.

3) ---What ______ she ______ at the weekends? ---She usually plays games with her friends.

4) ---Wha______ you do last Sunday? ---I wrote to my friend.

5) ---Did you see a Beijing opera? ---No, I ______.

6) He ______not visit a farm last National Day holiday.

7) They______ not like playing volleyball.

8) --- ______Jim have a picnic with his family every Saturday? ---Yes, he .

9) ______Helen and Yang Ling go to school on foot every day?

10) ---How many kites ______we have? ---We have ten.

2、找出下列句子中的错误，将序号填入题前括号内，并改正。

( ) 1) Did you had a big lunch with your family last Spring Festival?

A B C

( ) 2) ---What do the boy have in his pencil-box? ---He has a rubber.

A B C

( ) 3) They doesn’t like the film.

A B C

( ) 4) Do Jim get up at six everyday?

A B C

( ) 5) Don't giving the ball to Liu Tao.

A B C

3、情态动词

情态动词也是一类特殊的动词，平时我们不把它说成是动词。情态动词可以和行为动词同时出现在同一个句子中。

我们现在学过的情态动词有：can、could、shall、should、will、would、may、might 、must。 注意：情态动词后动词总是用原形。（不受其他任何条件影响）

其否定形式：can not = can’t, must not = mustn’t, … 注意：may not和shall not（无缩写形式） 练一练：

选择填空。

( ) 1) The sign on the wall means you ______stay away from the building.

A. must B. can’t C. shouldn't

( ) 2) How many books ______ you see on the desk? A. may B. can C. should

( ) 3) It means you ______ make noise in the library. A. should B.. shouldn't C. can

( ) 4) --- ______you like a glass of milk? --- Yes, please. A. May B. Could C. Would

( ) 5) --- ______you see the sign over there? --- Sorry, I can’t. A. Can B. Can’t C. Should

( ) 6) ______ we go to the park by bus? A. May B. Must C. Shall

4、行为动词

就是我们平时上课时说的动词，表示某一动作或行为。如：sweep、live等。行为动词我们已学过它们的四种形式：原形、第三人称单数+s/es、现在分词（也叫动名词）+ing、过去式+ed。

（1）动词第三人称单数变化规则：

A、一般直接加―s‖，如：play – plays, visit – visits, speak – speaks ；

B、以―s‖，―x‖，―sh‖，―ch‖结尾时，加―es‖，如：catch – catches, watch – watches ；

C、以―辅音字母+y‖结尾时，变―y‖为―i‖再加―es‖，如：carry – carries, study – studies 。

（2）现在分词（动名词）构成规则：

A、一般直接加―ing‖，如：go – going, do – doing, look – looking ；

B、以不发音的―e‖结尾的单词，去―e‖ 加―ing‖，如：take – taking, make – making, have – having ；

C、以重读闭音节结尾的词，如末尾只有一个辅音字母，需要双写这个字母再加―ing‖，如： put – putting, stop – stopping, run – running, get – getting, swim – swimming, sit – sitting, begin – beginning,

jog – jogging, forget – forgetting 。

（3）过去式构成规则：

A、一般直接加―ed‖，如：plant – planted, visit – visited, pick – picked ；

B、以不发音字母―e‖结尾，直接加―ed‖，如：like – liked, hope – hoped, taste – tasted ；

C、以―辅音字母+y‖结尾时，变―y‖为―i‖再加―ed‖，如：try – tried, carry – carried, study – studied ；

D、有些动词要双写最后一个字母，再加―ed‖，如：stop – stopped ；

E、还有很多动词的过去式是不规则的，请记忆：

是-am(be)-was-being； 是-are(be)-were-being； 是-be-was, were-being； 成为-become-became-becoming； 开始-begin-began-beginning； 弯曲-bend-bent-bending； 吹-blow-blew-blowing； 买-buy-bought-buying； 能-can-could-----；

捕捉-catch-caught-catching； 选择-choose-chose-choosing； 来-come-came-coming； 切-cut-cut-cutting；做-do, does-did-doing；画-draw-drew-drawing；饮-drink-drank-drinking；吃-eat-ate-eating；感觉-feel-felt-feeling；发现-find-found-finding；飞-fly-flew-flying；忘记-forget-forgot-forgetting；

得到-get-got-getting；给-give-gave-giving；走-go-went-going；成长-grow-grew-growing； 有-have, has-had-having；听-hear-heard-hearing；受伤-hurt-hurt-hurting；保持

-keep-kept-keeping；

知道-know-knew-knowing；学习-learn-learned, learnt-learning；允许，让-let-let-letting；躺-lie-lay-lying；

制造-make-made-making；可以-may-might----；意味-mean-meant-meaning；会见

-meet-met-meeting；

必须-must-must----；放置-put-put-putting；读-read-read-reading；骑、乘-ride-rode-riding； 响、鸣-ring-rang-ringing；跑-run-ran-running；说-say-said-saying；看见-see-saw-seeing；将-shall-should----；唱歌-sing-sang-singing；坐下-sit-sat-sitting；睡觉-sleep-slept-sleeping；说-speak-spoke-speaking；

度过-spend-spent-spending 。

练一练：

1、写出下列动词的第三人称单数。

drink __________go ____________stay __________make __________look __________have _________

pass __________carry __________come ___________watch __________plant _________fly ________

study ________brush _________do ___________teach____________ take__________ see__________

2、写出下列动词的现在分词。

put __________give __________fly _________get ________dance ________sit_________ run ________

plant _________take ___________swim _________ask ___________stop __________take

捕捉-catch-caught-catching； 选择-choose-chose-choosing； 来-come-came-coming； 切-cut-cut-cutting；做-do, does-did-doing；画-draw-drew-drawing；饮-drink-drank-drinking；吃-eat-ate-eating；感觉-feel-felt-feeling；发现-find-found-finding；飞-fly-flew-flying；忘记-forget-forgot-forgetting；

得到-get-got-getting；给-give-gave-giving；走-go-went-going；成长-grow-grew-growing； 有-have, has-had-having；听-hear-heard-hearing；受伤-hurt-hurt-hurting；保持

-keep-kept-keeping；

知道-know-knew-knowing；学习-learn-learned, learnt-learning；允许，让-let-let-letting；躺-lie-lay-lying；

制造-make-made-making；可以-may-might----；意味-mean-meant-meaning；会见

-meet-met-meeting；

必须-must-must----；放置-put-put-putting；读-read-read-reading；骑、乘-ride-rode-riding； 响、鸣-ring-rang-ringing；跑-run-ran-running；说-say-said-saying；看见-see-saw-seeing；将-shall-should----；唱歌-sing-sang-singing；坐下-sit-sat-sitting；睡觉-sleep-slept-sleeping；说-speak-spoke-speaking；

度过-spend-spent-spending 。

练一练：

1、写出下列动词的第三人称单数。

drink __________go ____________stay __________make __________look __________have _________

pass __________carry __________come ___________watch __________plant _________fly ________

study ________brush _________do ___________teach____________ take__________ see__________

2、写出下列动词的现在分词。

put __________give __________fly _________get ________dance ________sit_________ run ________

plant _________take ___________swim _________ask ___________stop __________take

_________

write __________have __________smoke _________ think__________ want__________ tell__________

3、写出下列动词的过去式。

is\am _________fly _______plant ________are ________drink _________play _______go ________

make ________does _________dance ________worry ___________ask ________taste

_________

eat __________draw ________put ______throw ________kick _________pass

_______do ________

4、用动词的适当形式填空。

（1）I ______to school from Monday to Friday. My brother often _______to school with me. Yesterday we

_______to school together. We like ________to school very much. ( go )

（2）They usually _______lunch at home. But last week, they ____lunch at school. ( have )

（3）That______my English book. It _____new. But now it _____not here. It ______there a moment ago. ( be )

（4）My sister likes ________very much. She often _______at our school festival. Last term, she _______a lot of

songs in the school hall. She _____beautifully. ( sing )

（5）What _____ he usually ______on Sunday? He usually ______his homework. Look! He __________his homework now. ______he _______his homework last Sunday?

Yes, he_______. ( do )

（6）Do people usually_______ moon cakes at Mid-autumn Festival? Yes, they do. Did you _______moon cakes

last Mid-autumn Festival? Yes, I did. I _______a lot of delicious moon cakes. ( eat )