外研初中英语同步练习

定语从句

修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词，叫做先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that , which , who (whom宾格 , whose所有格) 和关系副词where , when , why。

关系代词：

当先行词是表示人的名词或代词时，关系代词一般用who , that , whom；当先行词是表示事物的名词或代词时，关系代词一般用that , which；当先行词既有表示事物的名词或代词，又有表示人的名词或代词时，关系代词一般用that 。

1. Jack, there is someone in the office_____ would like to speak with you.

A. who B. which C. whom

2. The scientist and his achievements________you told me about are admired by us all .

A. that B. which C. who D. whose

3. The boy _______I talked with just now is my best friend .

A. which B. that C. whose D. where

4. The book _______he bought yesterday is very interesting .

A . 不填 B. why C. when D. what

5. —Have you found the information about famous people ______ you can use for the report?

—Not yet. I will search some on the Internet.

A. which B. who C. what D. whom

6. —Excuse me ,can I have a talk with your manager ?

—Yes ? I’m just the man _______you are looking for .

A. whose B. what C. who D. which

7. He is the man with______ I just shook hands.

A. who B. whom c. which D. whose

8. We all like the teacher _____ class is interesting and creative.

A. which B. whose C. who D. that

9. Please show me the book _______ cover is red .

A. who B. whom C. which D. whose

总结：

1. 关系代词who 的用法：who“谁”，用来表示人，在定语从句中作主语。这里的who 一般可以用that 来替换。

2. 关系代词that 的用法：that 的具体意思由先行词的意思决定，它可以表示人，也可以表示物。作主语表示人时，that 和who 一般可以互换；作宾语表示人时，that 和 whom 一般可以互换；作主语、宾语表示物时，that 和which 一般可以互换，而且都可以省略。

3. 关系代词which 的用法：which 的具体意思由先行词的意思决定，它只可以代替物，可以作定语从句的主语或宾语，一般which 可以由that 来替换。

难点：That 作主语或宾语表示物时，常和which 通用。但是在下列几种情况下，只用that ，不能用which 。

１、先行词既是表示人又是表示物时；

２、先行词是all , both ,none , nothing , anything ,everything , much , such等词时；

３、先行词被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时；

４、先行词被the very , the only , any , no等修饰时。

关系副词：

关系副词where, when和why 引导定语从句时，在定语从句中分别作地点、时间和原因状语，起副词和介词短语的作用

10. Last summer I went to Lu Xing’s hometown and visited the house ____ he was born.

A. that B. there C. which D. where

11. We will never forget the day ______ we joined the league .

A. where B. why C. when D. which

12. This is the reason _______ I was late .

A. when B. why C. where D. that

专练：

1. We should give a hand to the people _____ need help.

A. who B. whose C. whom D. when

2. I prefer not to eat too much food _____ is fried, like French fries.

A. that B. what C. it D. 不填

3. This is the question ______ we are talking about now.

A. that B. who C. where D. when

4. — What are you looking for?

—I’m looking for the book ____ I bought yesterday.

A. who B. which C. whose

5. We should give love to the children _____ lost their parents in the earthquake.

A. who B. whom C. whose D. whom

6. This is the dictionary ____ Mum gave me for my birthday.

A. which B. what C. whose D. whom

7. Shaolin Temple ______ lies in the west of Zhengzhou welcomes the visitors both at home and abroad.

A. where B. which C. who D. what

8. The book _____ was written by Yu Dan sells well.

A. who B. which C. how D. what

9. I like the music ______ I can sing along with.

A. what B that C. who D. why

10. —What kind of music do you like?

—I like music ______ I can sing along with.

A. who B. that C. what

11. The camel _____ I rode had a bad temper, and I got very tired.

A. that B. whose C. who D. where

12. —Do you know the girl ____ is standing under the tree?

—She is my little sister.

A. who B. whom C. whose D. which

13. He is the only student _____ plays table tennis better than Jim.

A. why B. where C. who D. which

14. Do you know the man_______is sitting behind Nancy ?

A . what B. which C. who D. whose

15. Do you like music _______ makes you excited ？

A . that B. who C. whom D. it

16. —Barbara , where do you work ?

—I work for a company _______ sells cars .

A . which B. where C. what D. who

17.The man _____ gave us a talk on science yesterday is a famous scientist .

A . who B. whose C. which D. whom

18. This is the place _______ my aunt was born in.

A . who B. that C. where D. whose

19. Many young people love the songs _______ have great lyrics .

A . who B. whose C. which

20. “Who’s Lucy, do you know? ” “Lucy? The girl ______ is wearing a yellow T-shirt. ”

A . which B. who C. where

21. The girl ______ won the match not so long ago is called Guo Yue, a famous Chinese table tennis player .

A . who B. which C. what D. whom

22. —Have you been to the new Sport Centre _______is just opened in town ? —No , not yet .

A . where B. who C. that D. when

23. Without friendship, one can’t be happy although he is rich enough. As for me, I will never forget the days _______ I spent with my dearest friend .

A. that B. when C. who

24. —Do you know the man _______is running along the street ?

—Yes. He is our English teacher .

A. who B. which C. whom

25. Can I borrow the new CD______is lying on the desk , Sarah ?

A . who B. that C. whom D. what

26. My little cousin ______ is only eight years old beat all the other players in the city chess competition .

A. what B. which C. who D. whom

27. All the children like the teachers ______can understand them .

A. who B. which C. what D. whom

28. The green tea ______grows in South China is quite popular in China.

A. who B. which C. when D. where

29. —What kind of music do you like ?

—I like ______I can dance to .

A. who B. whom C. what D. that

宾语从句

在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句

一 引导词

A, 由that 引导的陈述句性的宾语从句，在很多动词如say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等动词后。连词that 只起连接作用，在从句中不做句子的成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略，但在大多数情况下还是以不省为好，特别是在笔语中。 例：I told him that he was wrong.

l 在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词引起的宾语从句中，有时谓语尽管是否定意义，却不用否定形式，而将think 等动词变为否定形式。

例：I don’t think you are right. (我认为你做的不对)

在许多带有复合宾语的句子中，that 引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后面，而用it 做形式宾语。

例：We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone (我认为他向每一个人撒谎是错误的) B, 由连词if 、 whether 引导的表示“是否…”的宾语从句。Whether,if 在从句中不做句子的成分，一般情况下，whether 和if 可以替换。

例：I don’t know if/whether he will come tomorrow.

The teacher asked if/whether we had finished the experiment. 注意（1） 介词后面的宾语从句不用if 引导

例：Everything depends on whether we have enough money。

（2）宾语从句中有or not时不用if 引导.

例：I don’t know whether the movie star will come or not.

（3）和不定式连用作宾语时不用if 引导.

例：Whether to go there or not hasn’t been decided.

C, 由wh-引导的宾语从句。连接代词who,whom,whose, what, which, 和连接副词when, where, why, how 等连接的宾语从句，它们在句中即有连接从句的作用，又在句中充当句子的成分。

例：Do you know which film they are talking about? (which做定语)

I don’t know where he lives. (where 做地点状语)

二，宾语从句的语序，

宾语从句从句的语序必须是陈述语序，既连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分

例：I believe that they will come soon.

He asked me whether I was a teacher.

They wanted to know what they can do for us.

三，宾语从句的时态。

宾语从句的时态受主句的限制，

既：主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定。

主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。如果从句的动作发生在主句之前，则从句要用过去完成时态。

例:

1)She says that she is a student.

She said that she was a student.

2)She says that she will fly to Japan in a week.

She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.

3)She says that she has finished her homework already.

She said that she had finished her homework already.

4)She says that she can sing a song in English.

She said that she could sing a song in English.

注意 （l ）如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。

例：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.

He told me that Japan is an island country.

（2）Could you tell me…是用来征询对方的意见，语气委婉，并不表示过去。 例：Could you tell me when we will visit the History Museum?

（3）由陈述句变成宾语从句时，要注意人称的变化。

例：She said: “I have been to England before.”

She said that she had been to England before.

She asked me: “Do you like maths?”

She asked me if I liked maths.

（4）宾语从句与简单句的交换。

由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句，如果宾语从句的主语和主句的主语是同一个人时，可以用“疑问词+不定式 ”做宾语的简单句结构。

例：I don’t know what I should do next.

I con’t know what to do next.

He didn’t know where he would live.

He didn’t know where to live.

专练

1. We'd like to know ___________ or not.

A.whether will the sports meeting come

B.if will the sports meeting come

C.whether the sports meeting will come

D.if the sports meeting will come

2. - Excuse me，could you tell me ___________？

- Certainly.It's over there along the street on the left.

A.where the People's Park is

B.where is the People's Park

C.the People's Park is where

D.the People's Park where is

3. Do you know ___________ this time yesterday？

A.what she is cooking B.what is she cooking

C.what she was cooking D.what was she cooking

4. I don't think ___________ rain this afternoon.

A.it won't B.it's going to

C.if it's going to D.whether it's to

5. We're not sure if it ___________ tomorrow.If it ___________，we won't climb the South Hill.

A.will snow；snows B.will snow；will snow

C.snows ；snows D.snows；will snow

6．In the bookshop，a reader asked the shop keeper _____Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book．

A ．that B．how C．what D．if

7．—I don't know _____ Mr．Green will come to see us．

—He will help us with our English．

A ．why B．when C．how D．where

8．—We never know _____ the old m an is． —They say he is a teacher.

A ．what B．who C．which D．where

9．I was told _____ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers．

A ．that how B．how that C．when that D．that when

10．—Do you know _____ ？I'm going to see him． —Sorry ，I don't know．

A ．where does Mr．Li live B．where did Mr．Li live

C ．where Mr．Li lives D．where Mr．Li lived

11．—W here do you think _____ he _____ the computer？

—Sorry ，I have no idea．

A ．／；bought B．has ；bought C．did ；buy D．does ；buy

12．I don't feel very well．Mum asked me _____this morning．

A. what the matter is B．what is wrong

C ．what the matter was D．what wrong was

13．—Where is Jack？

—He is away to spend his holiday．He's gone either to Hangzhou or to Wuhan，but I'm not sure _____ ．

A ． that B．which C．where D．there

状语从句

状语从句即指在主从复合句用作状语的从句。按照其意义，状语从句可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句等。

1. 引导时间状语从句的从属连词主要有when, while, as, whenever, before, after, since, until, till, as soon as, the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, direc tly, instantly, once 等。

表示“当„时候”的 while, when, as 的用法区别是：while 从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词；表示带有规律性的“每当”或当主、从句谓语动词的动作发生有先后时，只能用

when ；当表示“一边…一边…”或“随着”时，只能用 as 。另外，用于此义的 as 所引导的时间状语从句谓语只能是动作动词，不能是状态动词。

“I’m going to the post office.” “_____ you’re there, can you get me some stamps?”

2. 引导条件状语从句的从属连词主要有if, unless, as [so] long as, in case 等。 Don’t come unless I telephone.

If you watch carefully you will see how to do it.

3. 引导目的状语从句的从属连词主要有 in order that, so that, in case, for fear 等。 Take your coat in case it rains (should rain).

4. 引导结果状语从句的从属连词主要有so that, so „that, such „that 等。

He was so angry that he couldn't speak.

5. 引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要有because, as, since, seeing (that), now (that), c onsidering (that) 等。

They can’t have gone out because the light’s on. 他们不可能出去了，因为灯还亮着。 Since you are going, I will go. 既然你去，我也去。

6. 引导让步状语从句的从属连词主要有although, though, even though, even if, while, however, whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever 等。

He went out even though it was raining. 尽管下雨，他还是出去了。

7. 引导方式状语从句的从属连词主要有as, like, as if, as though, the way 等。

She c an’t cook like her mother does.

8. 引导地点状语从句的从属连词主要有where, wherever, everywhere 等。

I’m not living where I was.

从句综合练习：

1. The English play _______ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success.

A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which

2. Roses need special care ______ they can live through winter.

A. because B. so that C. even if D. as

3. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% _____are sold abroad.

A. of which B. which of C. of them D. of that

4. A computer can only do ______ you have instructed it to do.

A. how B. after C. what D. when

5._____this company has done seems to be in agreement with what the government has called for.

A. That B. How C. Whether D. What

6. Fortunitely we had a map, without ______we would have got lost.

A. which B. it C. that D. what

7.The Great Wall is the last place ______Mr smith is going to visit before he leaves Beijing.

A. where B. which C. / D. what

8.I shall never forget those years ______I lived in the country with the farmers, ______ has a great effect on my life.

A. that; which B. when; which C. which; that D. when; who

9.I don’t like the way ______ you speak to her.

A. / B. in that C. which D. of which

10.She spent the whole evening talking about the things and the persons ______ none of us has ever heard of .

A. which B. who C. whom D. that

11.I have bought such a watch ________ was advertised on TV.

A. that B. which C. as D. it

12.Free film tickets will be sent to ______ are interested in the film.

A. whomever B. whoever C. whatever D. whichever

13.The demand ______ the workers ask for higher wages seemed reasonable.

A. what B. that C. which D. when

14.We won’t give up _______ we should fail ten times.

A. even if B. since C. whether D. until

15.I remember _________ this used to be a quiet village.

A. when B. how C. where D. what

16. —Do you remember ______ he came.?

---Yes, I do. He came by car.

A. how B. when C. that D. if

17.__________ she knows a lot of things.

A. A child she is B. As she is a child C. Child as she is D. Child as is she

18.You can go out _______ you promise to be back before 12o’clock.

A. so that B. as far as C. as long as D. in case

19.---Do the factory leaders meet every Monday morning?

----Yes, ______ there is nothing important to deal with.

A. since B. if C. unless D. therefore

20.He lived in Paris for three months, during ______ time he learned some French.

A. this B. that C. it D. which

21.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _____ was very reasonable.

A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose

22.Would you like to have a break ______ shall we go on with the work?

A. and B. then C. therefore D. or

23.Sometimes the earthquake is so violent that it can destroy the whole city, ______ happened in Tang Shan in 1976.

A. as B. that C. where D. like

24.He was about to tell me the news _______ someone patted him on the shoulder.

A. as B. until C. while D. when

25.What is learned in books can not have the same deep effect on a child’s character ______ is learned through experience.

A. what B. as C. as what D. when what

26. —Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her ?

--Yes, I gave it to her _____ I saw her.

A. while B immediately C. once D. suddenly

27. • -----I can’t find Mr.Brown. Where did you meet him this morning?

he stayed.

A. that B. which C. where D. when

28. We'll go out for a walk as soon as it ________.

A. stops raining B. raining C. stop to rain D. rain

29. The film was _____ interesting _____ everyone wanted to see it again.

A. too, to B. so, that C. not ,until D. very, that

30. _______studies hard will pass the examination.

A. Whoever B. Any student C. Who D. Those who

31. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _____I will always treasure.

A. that B. one C. it D. what

32. She took it for granted ________I’ll agree with her.

A. that B. whether C. if D. when

综合填空练习：

When I was walking down the street one day , I s______ a small bag on the ground . I picked it up and opened it to see w_______ I could find out the owner’s name . There was n_______ inside it except some dollars and a picture of a woman and a young girl about twelve years old . I put the photo back and took the bag to the police station . Before I left , the policeman wrote down my name and my a_______ . He thought the owner might want to thank me .

That evening I went to have dinner with my aunt and uncle. They had also asked a young woman to have dinner with us . Her face was familiar, but I couldn’t r_______ where I had seen her . D________ our talk , the young woman happened to say that she had l_______ her bag that afternoon . All at once I remembered w_______ I had seen her . She was the young girl in the photo . though she looked now much o______ than the girl in the picture . She was very s_______ , of course , when I told her about the bag . After dinner we went to the police station and got back her bag . The policeman said to me , “It’s a wonderful thing . You found not only the bag , but also the owner of the bag .”

When you go to England you may find the traffic there is different from ours. As a f_______ (1) you must be c_______ (2) in the streets, because the traffic d______ (3) on the left. You must look to the right and then the left before you cross a street.

In the morning and in the evening when people go to or come back from work, the streets are very b______ (4). traffic is most d_______ (5) then.

When you go by bus in England, you have to take care, too. Always r______ (6) the traffic m ______ (7) on the left. You have to t______ (8) a look first or you will go to the w_______ (9) way.

In many English cities there are big buses with two f______ (10). You can sit on the second one. From there you can see the city very well.