高级英语的十九种修辞和高英1-5课总结 张汉熙

Figures of speech: simile, metaphor, personification, synecdoche, anticlimax, metonymy, repetition, exaggeration, euphemism, antonomasia, parody.

1) Little monkeys with harmoniously tinkling bells thread their way among the throngs of

people entering and leaving the bazaar.(metaphor)-----Page1,Lesson1.

2) It grows louder and more distinct ,until you round a corner and see a fairyland of dancing

flashes ,as the burnished copper catches the light of innumerable lamps and braziers.(metaphor and personification)---------- P2,L1.

3) The dye-market, the pottery-market, and the carpenters’ market lie elsewhere in the maze of

vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar.(metaphor)-----P3,L1

4) Every here and there, a doorway gives a glimpse of a sunlit courtyard, perhaps before a

mosque or a caravanserai, where camels lie disdainfully chewing their hay, while … (Personification)------P3, L1.

5) It is a vast, somber cavern of a room, some thirty feet high and sixty feet square , and so thick

with the dust of centuries that the mud brick roof are only dimly visible.(metaphor)---P4,L1

6) There were fresh bows, and the faces grew more and more serious each time the name

Hiroshima was repeated.(synecdoche)------P15,L2

7) “Seldom has a city gained such world renown, and I am proud and happy to welcome you to

Hiroshima, a town known throughout the world for its-oysters”. (Anticlimax)----P15, L2.

8) But later my hair began to fall out, and my belly turned to water .I felt sick ,and ever since

then they have been testing and treating me .(alliteration)-----P17, L2.

9) Acre by acre, the rain forest is being burned to create fast pasture for fast-food

beef.(alliteration)-----P30,L3

10) According to our guide, the biologist Tom Lovejoy, there are more different species of birds

in each square mile of the Amazon than exist in all of North America-which means we are silently thousands of songs we have ever heard.(metonymy)----P31,L3.

11) What should we feel toward these ghosts in the sky?(metaphor)---P32,L3.

12) Have you ever seen a lame animal ,perhaps dog run over by some careless person rich enough

to own a car ,sidle up to someone who is ignorant enough to be kind of him?(metaphor)

13) And she stops and tries to dig a well in the sand with her toe. (Exaggeration)----P58, L4.

14) I feel my whole face warming from the heat waves it throws out. (Exaggeration)

15) After I tripped over it two or three times he told me to just call him

Hakim-a-barber.(metaphor)-------P60,L4.

16) “Maggie’s brain is like an elephant’s”.Wangero said ,laughing .(Ironic)—P62,L4.

17) You didn’t even have to look close to see where hands pushing the dasher up and down to

make butter had left a kind of sink inthe wood .(metaphor)----P62,L4.

18) “Mama, ”Wangero said sweet as a bird .“can I have these old quilts?”(Simile)---P63, L4.

19) She gasped like a bee had stung her.(simile)

20) Churchill, he reverted to this theme, and I asked whether for him, the arch anti-communist,

this was not bowing down in the House of Rimmon.(metaphor)

21) If Hitler invaded Hell and would make at least a favorable reference to the Devil in the House

of Commons.(exaggeration)----P79,L5.

22) But all this fades away before the spectacle which is now unfolding.(metaphor)

I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.(simile)

24）I see the Russian soldiers standing on the threshold of their native land, guarding the fields

which their fathers have tilled from time immemorial.(Metaphor)----P79, L5.

25）I see the German bombers and fighters in the sky ,street smarting from many a British

whipping to find what they believe is an easier and a safer prey.(Metaphor)---P80, L5.

26) We will never parley; we will never negotiate with Hitler or any of his gang. We shall fight

him by land, we shall fight him by sea, and we shall fight him in the air. (Parallelism)

27) Just as the industrial Revolution took over an immense range of tasks from men’s muscles and enormously expanded productivity. (Metonymy)

英语中有19种修辞手法，它们分别是：Simile 明喻、Metaphor 隐喻，暗喻、Metonymy 借喻，转喻、Synecdoche 提喻、Synaesthesia 通感，联觉，移觉、Personification 拟人、Hyperbole 夸张、Parallelism 排比，平行、Euphemism 委婉，婉辞法、Allegory 讽喻，比方、Irony 反语、Pun 双关、Parody 仿拟、Rhetorical question 修辞疑问、Antithesis 对照，对比，对偶、Paradox 隽语、Oxymoron 反意法，逆喻、Climax 渐进法，层进法、Anticlimax 渐降法。下面和大家分享一下这19种修辞手法的全部解释和例句，快来学习吧！

1.Simile 明喻

明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比。这种共性存在于人们的心里，而不是事物的自然属性。

标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等。

例如：

1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow 。 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud。

3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale。

2.Metaphor 隐喻，暗喻

隐喻是简缩了的明喻，是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物，通过比较形成。 例如：

1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper。

2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested。

3.Metonymy 借喻，转喻

借喻不直接说出所要说的事物，而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称。 I 。以容器代替内容，例如：

1>.The kettle boils. 水开了。

2>.The room sat silent.全屋人安静地坐着。

II 。以资料。工具代替事物的名称，例如：

Lend me your ears, please.请听我说。

III 。以作者代替作品，例如：

a complete Shakespeare莎士比亚全集

VI 。以具体事物代替抽象概念，例如：

I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气，他们就用我的力气赚钱。

4.Synecdoche 提喻

提喻用部分代替全体，或用全体代替部分，或特殊代替一般。

例如：

1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory。(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人。

2>.He is the Newton of this century。(特殊代一般)

他是本世纪的牛顿。

3>.The fox goes very well with your cap。(整体代部分)

这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配。

5.Synaesthesia 通感，联觉，移觉

这种修辞法是以视。听. 触。嗅. 味等感觉直接描写事物。通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。

通感技巧的运用，能突破语言的局限，丰富表情达意的审美情趣，起到增强文采的艺术效果。比如：欣赏建筑的重复与变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏；闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体；听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的半透明的纱子；又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“微风过处送来缕缕清香，仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。

例如：

1>.The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice。(用视觉形容听觉，鸟落在树上，由它发出的声音联想到百合花)

鸟儿落在树上，倾泻出百合花似的声音。

2>.Taste the music of Mozart。(用嗅觉形容听觉)

品尝Mozart 的音乐。

6.Personification 拟人

拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物。

例如：

1>.The night gently lays her hand a tour fevered heads。(把夜拟人化)

2>.I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods。(把鸟拟人化)

7.Hyperbole 夸张

夸张是以言过其实的说法表达强调的目的。它可以加强语势，增加表达效果。.

例如：

1>.I beg a thousand pardons。

2>.Love you, You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars 。 3>.When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out。

8.Parallelism 排比， 平行

这种修辞法是把两个或两个以上的结构大体相同或相似，意思相关，语气一致的短语。句子排列成串，形成一个整体。

1>.No one can be perfectly free till all are free; no one can be perfectly moral till all are moral; noone can be perfectly happy till all are happy。2>.In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon you and yours, to the last of your bad race, to answer for them. In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon your brother, the worst of your bad race, to answer for them separately。

9.Euphemism 委婉，婉辞法

婉辞法指用委婉，文雅的方法表达粗恶，避讳的话。

例如：

1>.He is out visiting the necessary.他出去方便一下。

2>.His relation with his wife has not been fortunate. 他与妻子关系不融洽。

3>.Deng Xiaoping passed away in1997. (去世)

10.Allegory 讽喻，比方(原意“寓言”)

建立在假借过去或别处的事例与对象之上，传达暗示，影射或者讥讽现世各种现象的含义。

英文解释：an expressive style that uses fictional characters and events to describe some subject by suggestive resemblances; an extended metaphor 摘自英语专业《大学英语教程》一书 这是一种源于希腊文的修辞法，意为" 换个方式的说法" 。它是一种形象的描述，具有双重性，表层含义与真正意味的是两回事。

例如：

1>.Make the hay while the sun shines。

表层含义：趁着出太阳的时候晒草

真正意味：趁热打铁

2>.It's time to turn plough into sword。

表层含义：是时候把犁变成剑

11.Irony 反语

反语指用相反意义的词来表达意思的作文方式。如在指责过失。错误时，用赞同过失的说法，而在表扬时，则近乎责难的说法。

例如：

1>.It would be a fine thing indeed not knowing what time it was in the morning。

早上没有时间观念还真是一件好事啊(真实含义是应该明确早上的时间观念)

2>"Of course, you only carry large notes, no small change on you. "the waiter said to the beggar。

12.Pun 双关

双关就是用一个词在句子中的双重含义，借题发挥。作出多种解释，旁敲侧击，从而达到意想不到的幽默。滑稽效果。它主要以相似的词形。词意和谐音的方式出现。

1>.She is too low for a high praise, too brown for a fair praise and too little for a great praise。

2>.An ambassador is an honest man who lies abroad for the good of his country 。

3>.If we don't hang together, we shall hang separately。

13.Parody 仿拟

这是一种模仿名言。警句. 谚语，改动其中部分词语，从而使其产生新意的修辞。

例如：

1>.Rome was not built in a day, nor in a year。

2>.A friend in need is a friend to be avoided。

3>.If you give a girl an inch nowadays she will make address of it。

14.Rhetorical question修辞疑问(反问)

它与疑问句的不同在于它并不以得到答复为目的，而是以疑问为手段，取得修辞上的效果，其特点是：肯定问句表示强烈否定，而否定问句表示强烈的肯定。它的答案往往是不言而喻的。

例如：

1>.How was it possible to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worth of note?

2>.Shall we allow those untruths to go unanswered?

15.Antithesis 对照，对比，对偶

这种修辞指将意义完全相反的语句排在一起对比的一种修辞方法。 例如：

1>.Not that I loved Caesar less but that I loved Rome more。 2>.You are staying; I am going。

3>.Give me liberty, or give me death。

16.Paradox 隽语

这是一种貌似矛盾，但包含一定哲理的意味深长的说法，是一种矛盾修辞法。.

例如：

1>.More haste, less speed。欲速则不达

2>.The child is the father to the man。(童年时代可决定人之未来) 三岁看大，四岁看老。

17.Oxymoron 反意法，逆喻

这也是一种矛盾修辞法，用两种不相调和的特征形容一个事物，以不协调的搭配使读者领悟句中微妙的含义。

例如：

1>.No light, but rather darkness visible。没有光亮，黑暗却清晰可见 2>.The state of this house is cheerless welcome。

18.Climax 渐进法，层进法

这种修辞是将一系列词语按照意念的大小。轻重. 深浅。高低等逐层渐进，最后达到顶点。可以增强语势，逐渐加深读者印象。

例如：

1>.I am sorry, I am so sorry, I am so extremely sorry。

2>.Eye had not seen nor ear heard, and nothing had touched his heart of stone。

19.Anticlimax 渐降法

与climax 相反的一种修辞法，将一系列词语由大到小，由强到弱地排列。 例如：

1>.On his breast he wears his decorations, at his side a sword, on his feet a pair of boots。

2>.The duties of a soldier are to protect his country and peel potatoes 。