英语选修六语法

选修6语法

Grammar it的用法

一、指代（后行）it:

1. It的基本用法是用来指代上文所提到的事物。如：

Whatever you do or sayA: Pass me a blue pen. 2. it, that, one, the one, ones, the ones 用于指代用法时的区别:

it代替上文提及的原物(复数用they)；one指代上文提及的、泛指的可数名词单数（复数ones）；that指代上文提及的定指的可数名词单数或不可数名词（复数those）, the ones 相当于these, those。

There is a river along the village. ______ is a river with a long history.

The red pen is on the desk and ______ is Tom's.

This pen is mine and ______ is Tom's.

This pen is mine and ______ on the desk is Tom's.

Mother bought a new bike and gave ________ to me.

My mother bought me a new dictionary and her mother will buy her _____ too. Milk with sugar tastes better than ________ without sugar.

A pencil with rubber is more useful than ________ without rubber.

Bikes made in Shanghai are better than ________ made in Changsha.

2）用以代替提示代词this, that。

—What’s this? —It’s a knife.

—Whose watch is that? —It’s mine.

（3）起指示代词的作用，指一个人或事物。

—Who is knocking at the door? —It’s me.

（4）指环境情况等。

It was very noisy (quiet) at the very moment.

（5）指时间、季节等。

—What time is it? —It’s eight o’clock.

It often rains in summer here.

（6）指距离。

It is a long way to the school.

（7）作形式主语。

It is not easy to finish the work in two days.

It is no use crying over spilt milk.

It is as pity that you didn’t read the book.

（8）作形式宾语。

I think it no use arguing with him.

I found it very interesting to study English.

He made it clear that he was not interested in that subject.

（9）用于强调结构。

It was Xiaoming whom(that)I met in the street last night.

It was in the street that I met Xiaoming last night.

It ws last night that I met Xiaoming in the street.

It was I who met Xiaoming in the street last night.

2、含有“It is …”的句型

（1）It is time (for sb.) to do sth.

It is (high) time that sb. did sth.(虚拟语气)

（2）It is + 形容词（+of / for sb.）+ to do sth.

通常用

of的词有brave、clever、careful、hopeless、kind、good、naughty、nice、silly、stupid、foolish、wise等。

（3）It is + 形容词 + that + sb. + (should) do sth.（虚拟语气）

能用于这个句型的形容词有strange、wonderful、natural、good、proper、right、wrong、well、fortunate、important、necessary、useless、likely、probable、impossible等。有时可省去should而直接用动词原形。如：

It is important that we should pay close attention to grain.

It is natural that he（should）say so.

（4）It is no use/ good + doing sth.

It is no use trying again = It is of no use to try again.

（5）It is + 被强调部分 + that/who + …

Was it in the street that you met her?

Who was it that called him“comrade”?

It was not until yesterday that I met my old friend.

It is in a small factory that my brother is going to

work.（注意上述各句均为强调句型的“考点”）

比较：It is a small factory where my brother is going to

work.（定语从句）

（6）It is said/reported/announced/ (well) known … that…

（7）It is/was + 时间 + since … 从……已多久了。

It is three years since I met him in Beijing.

It was a long time since I (had) lived in that small mountain

village with these farmers.（注意两句中的时态）

It is five months since I arrived in New York.我到纽约已经五个月了。

It is five months since I was in New York.我离开纽约已经五个月了。

（注意：终止性动词表示从动作发生时算起；如果是状态动词或持续性动词，则从动作或状态结束时算起。）

（8）It is + 时间 + before …

这个句型和上面句型中时间都是时间段，如long、years、months、weeks、five days、three hours、twenty minutes等。不过主句的时态多用一般将来时或一般过去时。

It will be several years before we meet again.

我们要过好几年才能再见面。

It was not long before they set out for the front.

不久他们就出发去了前线。

（9）It is /was/will be the first/second/third … time that …

It is the first time that I have been here.

It was the second time that he had seen the film.

（10）It is up to sb. to do sth … 应由某人做某事。

It is up to you to decide whether we start or not.

3. He didn't find he had his wallet stolen until he got off the bus.

→s wallet stolen

→ →s wallet stolen?

→现在分词作状语

定义:伴随状语是指状语从句的动作伴随主句发生，它的特点是：它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的。

例如：

①He sat in the armchair，reading a newspaper.

他坐在扶手椅里读报。

②All night long he lay awake，thinking of the problem.

他整夜躺在床上睡不着，思考着那个问题。

伴随状语出现的条件:

是由一个主语发出两个动作或同一个主语处于两种状态，或同一个主语发出一个动作时又伴随有某一种状态。伴随状语的逻辑主语一般情况下必须是全句的主语，伴随状语与谓语动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生的。

[编辑本段]随状语几种表示方法

：

一、使用分词形式

The dog entered the room, following his master(这条狗跟着主人进了屋)。

The master entered the room,followed by his dog(主人进了屋，后面跟着他的狗)。

二、 用with复合结构

The little girls were playing with snow with their hands frozen red(小女孩们在玩雪，手都冻红了)。

三、用独立主格结构

The little boy goes to school, the little dog accompanying him every day(这小孩每天去上学，那条小狗陪伴着他)。

四、用形容词

Crusoe went home, full of fear(克鲁索满怀恐惧地回家)。

Confident of the victory the players are fighting hard(运动员们对比赛夺胜满怀信心奋力拼搏)。

The match will be broadcast live(这场比赛将作实况转播)。

He left home young and came back old(他少小离家老大回)。

五、用名词

He went away a beggar but retumed a millionaire(他讨吃要饭离家，腰缠万贯回归)。

He who had been twice prime minister of the country, died civilian(他曾两度出任这个国家的总理，而死的时候却是一个平民)。

六、用介词短语

The girl came back to her mother in tears.(这女孩眼泪汪汪地回到母亲身边)。

How can you go to the wedding party in rags(你怎能衣衫褴褛地去参加婚宴)？

I went home out of breath(我上气不接下气地回家)。

强调句的有关知识

1.定义：强调句型是通过it强调词来改变句子结构，使句子的某一成分受到强调而构成的强调结构

2、基本结构:

(1) 陈述句的强调句型：It is/ was + 被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that/ who（当强调主语且主语指人）+ 其它部分。强调句可以强调除谓语以外的一切成分。下面我们针对I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.句子进行强调。

强调主语：It was I that (who) met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.

强调宾语：It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday.

强调地点状语：It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.

强调时间状语：It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.

(2) 一般疑问句的强调句型：同上，只是把is/ was提到it前面。

e.g. Was it yesterday that he met my old friend?

(3) 特殊疑问句的强调句型：被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其它部分？ e.g. When was it that you were born?

我们需要注意的是：第一、构成强调句的it本身没有词义；强调句中的连接词一般只用that, who，即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此，that, who不可省略。

第二、It's ....that/who....的强调句型只是为了强调某一成分，而不充当成分。所以它和It作形式主语，真正的主语从句后置的情况有所不同。

我们一起看下面两个例句:

1.It's necessary that we should learn English.(主语从句)

2.It's not until he got off the bus that he realized his money was stolen.(强调句型)

解析：因为强调句型中的It's....that/who....在句子中不充当任何成分。所以去掉后句子依然完整。

例子2去掉It's....that/who....后就成了

until he got off the bus he realized his money was stolen. 而例子1去掉后句子则不完整。

(4) not … until … 句型的强调句

1、句型为：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其它部分

e.g. 普通句：He didn’t go to bed until/ till his son came back.

强调句：It was not until his son came back that he went to bed.

2、注意：此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是强调句型，till, until可通用；因为句型中It is/ was not … 已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。

备注：同学们在平时的学习和复习中一定要注意辨析强调句型与定语从句、主语从句、状语从句的异同。

3. 谓语动词的强调

1、It is/ was … that … 结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do/ does或did。

e.g. Do sit down. 务必请坐。

He did write to you last week. 上周他确实给你写了信。

Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！

2、注意：此种强调只用do/ does和did ，没有别的形式；过去时用did ，后面的谓语动词用原形。

四、高考试题分析（08年各地高考试题）

1. It was in New Zealand ___ Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith. (2008 全国II 20)

A. that B. how C. which D. when

解析：此句意为“伊利莎白第一次见到史密斯是在新西兰。”考查强调句型的用法。It is/was+被强调部分+that/who从句。如果把 It was以及that去掉的话，句子就变成了in New Zealand Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith.句子仍然完整。

答案：A

点评：本句是对地点状语的强调。构成强调句的it本身没有词义；强调句中的连接词一般只用that, who，即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此。

2. It was not until midnight __ they reached the camp site. （2008 重庆卷 22）

A .that B. when C. while D. as

解析：句意：他们直到半夜才到达宿营地。本句考查强调结构，可以还原为：They didn’t reach the camp site until midnight. 这是含有until引导状语从句的强调句型。当强调 until从句部分时，应注意把not一起提前。即：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其它部分。

答案：A

点评：本题考查的是强调句型。强调句型是高考热点，加入not…until句型，加强了对交叉知识的考查，增加对强调句式考查难度。

3. It was along the Mississippi River _______ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood. （2008’NMET 天津卷 8）

A. how B. which C. that D. where

解析：句意：正是在密西西比河岸马克•吐温度过了他孩提时代的大部分时光。本题考查强调句。如果把It was以及that 去掉，原句就成了along the Mississippi River Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.句子仍然完整。答案：C

点评：强调句型中对时间或地点状语考查时往往有相应介词，如本句中的介词along.做这类试题时最好用还原法解答。

五、提升训练

1. ____ was Jane that I saw in the library this morning.

A. It B. He C. She D. That

2.when was it you called me yesterday?

A. until B. that C. then D. so

3. It was on October 1st ____ new China was founded.

A. which B. when C. as D. that

4. Was it because he was ill ____ he asked for leave?

A. and B. that C. that’s D. so

5. It is imagination makes the world colorful, full of vigor and vitality. [2007 上海春]

A．where B．what C．that D．when

6. It _____ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks ____ I found we had a lot in common. [2007 浙江卷]

A. was until; when B. was until; that

C. wasn’t until; when D. wasn’t until; that

7. It is not who is right but what is right ______ is of importance. [2007 重庆卷]

A. which B. it C. that D. this

8.It was on 12 May,2008______the earthquake of Wenchuan county,Sichuan provimce happened.

A.since B.which C.that D.when.

9.It was Alice and her husband who saved the old man,_______?

A.wasn’t it B.was it C.didn’t they D.did they

10.When asked to explain______made his lessons so exciting,the teache kept silent.

A.what it is that B.that what it is C.what is it that D.that what is it

Keys

1-5 ABDBC 6-10.DCCAA