非限制性定语
Non-Restrictive Clause
Step 1.温故而知新
复习:看看你还能记得多少?
1. 定从:“二部曲” 一步:位置------?
二步:关系词 关系代词?
关系副词?
2. 难点:
(1)只能用that 的情况
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(2).介+关系词
介+关系词,which/whom. 介词决定元素?
—————————————————————————————————— (3)非限定定语从句
As 与which 的区别
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基础知识锁定
(二) 定从中只能用/ 不能用that 的情况
不用that 的情况
(1)非限定性定语从句不用that 。(可简记为“前有逗号,不用that ”) The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here. (2)介词后不用that 。(可简记为“前有介词,不用that ”) We depend on the land from which we get our food.
We depend on the land that / which we get our food from.
(3)先行词是不定代词(anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody)时,用
who/whom。
I don’t know anybody who has this name.
(4)先行词为those / these时,只用who / whom。
We’ll keep in mind those who have devoted their livers to protecting our country. 2. 只能用that 的情况
(1)在there be句型中且先行词是sth. 时,只用that ,不用which 。 There is one thing that I forgot to tell you.
(2)在不定代词(everything, anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little)作先行词
时,只用that ,不用which 。 All that is needed is a supply of oil.
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. (3)先行词有the only, the very修饰时,只用that 。 It is the very thing that I want.
(4)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级修饰时,只用that 。 She is the most beautiful girl (that) I have ever met. (5)先行词既有人,又有物时。
The man and the hoese that fell into the river both died. (6)who, which引导的疑问句中,为避免重复。
Who is the man that is talking to your sister?
跟踪练习(一)
There is a boy downstairs ____________ wants to see you.
2. The hill ___________ top is covered with trees is called Mang Hill.
3. This is the only answer __________ we think is right.
4.We talked about the things and persons ____________ we saw in the bank. 5. The fire destroyed all ___________ was in the building.
6.In the dark street, there wasn’t single person ___________ she could turn to for help. 7.I shall never forget the day ___________ we first met.
8. There are very few area in the world ___________ this kind of trees can be grown successfully. 9.These are the reasons ____________ we do it.
10. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,_________, of course, made the others unhappy.
11. The man __________ visited our school yesterday is from London. 12. The woman _____________ is talking to my mother is a friend of hers.
13. Because of my poor memory, all ______________ you told me has been forgotten. 14. Do you remember those days ______________ we spent along the seashore very happily? 15.Tom did not take away the camera because it was just the same camera ____________ he lost last week.
16. Those ___________ want to go please sign their names here. 17. This is the very letter _____________ came last night.
18. In fact the Swede did not understand the three questions _____________ were asked in French.
19. Have you read the book _____________ I lent to you ?
20. Finally, the thief handed over everything ________________ he had stolen to the police.
跟踪练习(二)
去年我们在医院照顾的老太太死了。
2. 你想娶的姑娘昨天偷了我的钱包。
3. 孙老师写的书是世界上最好的书。
4. 你喜欢女孩就是我喜欢的女孩。
5. 昨天被我家的狗咬的人今天又被你家狗咬了。
6. 你知道他打算出国留学你的原因吗?
7. 我讨厌我住过的那个旅馆。
8. 我永远也忘不了我们共同生活和学习的那个秋天。
Step 2.定从拓展讲解
定从分为两大类:限定,非限定
非限与限定的不同点:
限定定从特点:从句紧跟先行词,无逗号。翻译为….的。
非限定从特点:从句与先行词用逗号隔开,中文翻译为两个松散的小分句。 同时:关系词that,why 不能引导非限
共同点:
(1) 关系代词,关系副词基本一致。
(2) 都可以由单独的关系词引导或者介+关系词引导
介+关系词引导的定从
介+关系词,中介词选择有三原则
1. 先行词
2. 从句固定搭配 3. 句意
【注】介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句时,介词的宾语只能用which (指物)和whom (指人),即:介词+which/whom。不能用that 和who 。 先行词:
这是史密斯先生曾经居住过的房子
This is the house in which Mir Smith once worked 有很少星球上有水的存在。
There are few planets on which there is water.
固定搭配
这就是你在演讲中提到的教授
He is the professor about whom you talked about at the lecture. 这是我将毕生奉献的事业
This is the career to which I will devote all my life . 句意
你去过那个门前有个花园的楼吗?
Have you gone to the building in front of which there is a big garden. 他挖了一个洞,这样的话他可以从湖里取水
He dug a hole through which he could get water from the lake
【注】 of which /of whom, 此句型在基础写作中运用非常广泛,有“其中””先行词的….=whose
中国有很多河流,最长的是长江
There are many rivers in China, of /among which the YangZe river is the longest.
星期五,语传统节日,演节目:演唱英语歌,英语角色扮演,跳舞,戏剧,由一班表演的话剧最受欢迎
Last Friday, we held an traditional English festival ,during which many exceptional performance were on show,including English songs, English role-play, English drama,dancing , among which, the English drama from class one was the most popular .
跟踪练习(一)单选
I don’t think the number of people ____ this happens is very large. A. whom B. to whom C. on whom D. which
2) The school has 3,000 students, _____ 1,800 are men. A. whose B. of whom C. that D. of which
3). Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, ______ was very reasonable. A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose 4)The gentleman ______ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.
A. who B. about whom C. whom D. with whom 5) She wrote a lot of stories for children, _____ this is one example.
A. in which B. of which C. among them D. of them 6)He offered us a lot of money _____ we couldn’t buy these machines.
A. without which B. with that C. with which D. without that 7) Mary, ____ for help, has gone to England.
A. who I can go to B. whom I can go C. to whom I can go D. I can go to
8) Now we have very powerful telescopes _____ we can study the skies. A. in which B. with which C. through which D. by which 9)The man ______ she was married was a soldier.
A. whom B. to whom C. with whom D. who 10) Tom, ____ I went to the concert, is a friend of mine. A. whom B. who C. with whom D. whose
跟踪练习(二)填空
1. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, ________ he could see what was happening inside the house.
2. The age ________ children can go to school is seven.
3. Do you know the building ________ is flying a red flag.
4. The dog, ________ she used to be afraid, is her favourite animal now.
5. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m. ________ time many people have gone home.
6. The speed ________ Tom drives his car is too high.
7. Tom is the boy ________ I went to the cinema together.
8. The stories about Lei Feng, ________ this is one example, are well written.
9. The two things ________ Marx was not too sure were grammar and some of idoms.
试着将上面的英语翻译为中文:
总结:在介+which 翻译中,有可能是其有可能是限定定从,也有可能是两个小分句的非限定定从。在非限定定从中——英翻译中,必修发现两个小分句之间的“纽带”,这个“纽带”通常为前面一个小分句的末尾单词。
跟踪翻译
1. 这个调皮的小男孩在墙上挖了一个洞,以便他可以看到屋里发生的事情
2. 在办公室里,我几乎一直要忙到下午5:30,那时几乎所有的人都回家了
3. 汤姆就是那个和我一起去看电影的男孩。
4. 中国有很多岛屿,其中台湾岛是最大的岛屿
5. 姐姐总是很关心我,我非常感激。
6. 我有很多能干的朋友,很多人现在都在做生意。
拓展:介+which还可以用在很多松散的小分句中. 构成高级的非限定定语从句。 1. 上周我们在老师家里举行了生日聚会,我们玩得很开心
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2. 去年暑假,我去了美国旅游,我结识了很多朋友。
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3 , 我想去一个没有认考试方,我可以不用面对老师对学习压力。
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4. 上周学校举行英语嘉年华晚会。内容:英语歌演唱,英语话剧表演, 街舞,英语角色
扮演,街舞最受欢迎。
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5. 我们主修六科:语,数,外,理,化,生,我最擅长英语
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________________________________________________________________- 6. 佛山剪纸用途:宗教,装饰,设计,设计最为广泛使用。
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Step 3.非限定定从
非限定从分为两大类:
1. 交集:前后两个小分句构成交集,此类介+which或者单独的关系词都可以引导
2. 真子集:前面的小分句作为一个整体充当,后面小分句的主语或宾语,因此前句,为后
句的真子集。
(一)交集 试做下列习题
I’m taking some weight-loss pills, _______ are quite popular here.
A. that B. which C. who D. which/that 2. His daughter, _______ is in Beijing now, is coming home next week. A. which B. that C. whom D. who
3. My cousin, _______ body is slim, still wants to lose some weight. A. whom B. that C. whose D. which 4. My pills are in the bathroom, ______ I always keep them. A. which B. where C. that D. who
5. We’ll put off the outing until next month, ______ Amy feels better. A. when B. where C. which D. that
6. My uncle, _______ I told you about yesterday, is an engineer and is working in
Beijing.
A. which B. who C. whom D. who/whom
7. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _______ was very reasonable. A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose
8. I have many friends, ______, some _______ are businessmen. A. from whom B. of whom C. from which D. of which 9. China has losts of islands, one _______ is Taiwan. A. of which B. of that C. from which D. from that
10. He paid the boys 10yuan for washing ten windows, most of ______ hadn’t been
cleaned for at least a year. A. whom B. that C. which D. those
11. Mr. Kuxun, some of ______ works(作品) we had read, was one of the greatest
writers in the world. A. his B. whose C. whom D. which
12. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, ______ the sailing
time was 226 days. A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which
13. Madam Curie, for _____ life had been very hard early in her life, was the first
person in the world to receive two Nobel Prizes. A. whose B. which C. that D. whom
14. She was educated at Beijing University, _______ she went on to have her
advanced study abroad.
A. after which B. from which C. from that D. after that 15. The man, _______ you borrowed the cinema, has left for Shanghai. A. from which B. from whom C. from that D. to who
16. I was given three books on cooking, the first _______ I really enjoyed. A. of that B. of which C. that D. which
总结:
非限定定从的交集:前后两个小分句构成交集,此类介+which或者单独的关系词都可以引导
(二)真子集
. which引导的非限定性定语从句是用来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分。 2. as有时也可用作关系代词 在从句中充当主,宾用来说明前面整个句子的情况。
【注】as 引导非限制性定语从句,若as 在从句中作主语,其引导的句子可以放在句首,也可以放在句中。但which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能放句中。 例句:
As is reported in the newspaper ,some artistic treasures(艺术珍品) will be on show at the exhibition (展览品)on the weekend.
As is known to all, it is important to master a foreign language. As we all know, it is important to master a foreign language
=It is important to master a foreign language, which is known to all/ which we all know. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, which , of course, made the others unhappy
总结:前面的小分句作为一个整体充当,后面小分句的主语或宾语,因此前句,为后句的真子集
跟踪练习(一)单选
1.He passed the exam, ________ surprised all of us. A. which B. who C. whom D. that 2. Jim changed his mind, ______ made me very angry. A. who B. whom C. which D. that 3.It was raining heavily, _______ kept me indoors the whold day. A. this B. that C. which D. who
4.Carol said the work would be done by October, _______ I doubt very much. A. what B. who C. which D. when
5. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ________,of course ,
made the others unhappy. A .who B .which C .this D .what
跟踪练习(二)翻译
1. 姐姐总是很关心我,我非常感激。
2. 他居然通过了考试,这让大家很震惊。
3. 我上次英语考了全班第二,标志着我英语取得了很大的进步