高考英语五大基本句型
基本概念: 现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。 英语句子是由主语(subject), 谓语动词(verb),宾语(object), 表语(predicative),状语(adverbial),宾语补足语(object complement)等成分组成,按照这些成分的组合方式英语句子可分为五种基本句型。 句型一:主语+不及物动词
不及物动词本身就可以表达完整的意念,不需要宾语及补语,但有时可有副词,介词短语等状语修饰语。
Such as:
1.The sun │was shining.
2. The moon │rose.
3. The universe │remains.
4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink.
5. Lucy and Mary │get up early every morning.
6. What he said │does not matter.
7. They │had talked for half an hour when I came in.
8. His parents │have worked in the factory for more than ten years e.g. The rain stopped .
9.The old man walks in the park .
句型一的扩展:
1.主语+不及物动词+状语
e.g. The machine works smoothly. (机器运转正常。)
2.There +不及物动词+主语
e.g. There is some milk in the bottle .
There comes the bus .
3. 主语+不及物动词+ 动词不定式
e.g. They stopped to take a short rest . (他们停下来稍作休息) 特别提醒:
动词stop 可用作不及物动词,也可用作及物动词。作不及物动词时, 通常后接动词不定式,表示停下来的目的是做另一件事。作及物动词时,通常后接动
名词,表示停止做这件事。
e.g. They stopped taking a rest .
句型二 :主语+系动词+表语
系动词本身不能表达完整的意念没,需要形容词,名词,介词短语等来补充说明主语,也叫主语补语。
such as:
1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary.
2. The dinner │smells │good.
3. He │fell │in love.
4. Everything │looks │different.
5. He │is growing │tall and strong.
6. The trouble │is │that they are short of money.
7. Our well │has gone │dry.
8. His face │turned │red. 9My sister is a nurse .
10.I feel quite hungry .
11.The ball is under the desk .
句型三:主语+及物动词+宾语
及物动词本身需要一个动作的接受者(宾语),才可以表达一个完整的意念。 such as
1. Who │knows │the answer?
2. She │smiled │her thanks.
3. He │has refused │to help them.
4. He │enjoys │reading.
5. They │ate │what was left over.
6. He │said │
7. I │want │to have a cup of tea.
8. He │admits │that he was mistaken.
9. We are learning English .
10.Do you know him ?
11.Your radio needs repairing .
12.She hopes to see her uncle.
句型四:主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
有些及物动词需要两个宾语才能表达一个完整意念。
Such as:
1. She │ordered │herself │a new dress.
2. She │cooked │her husband │a delicious meal.
3. He │brought │you │a dictionary.
4. He │denies │her │nothing.
5. I │showed │him │my pictures.
6. I │gave │my car │a wash.
7. I │told │him │that the bus was late.
8. He │showed │me │how to run the machine.
9.Her mother bought her a skirt.
10,Give me the book, please.
特别提醒:
A. 在此句型中, 通常是间接宾语(人)在前,直接宾语(物)在后,有时直接宾语和间接宾语可以对调,这时间接宾语前应加上适当的介词。
e.g. Her mother bought a skirt for her .
Give the book to me , please .
直接宾语与间接宾语对调时,间接宾语前加介词to的动词有:
give(给), tell(告诉) , lend(借给) , sell(卖), teach(教) , send(寄给), write(写给), show(出示) , return(还给), bring(带给), pass(递给), leave(留给), offer(提供), hand(交给)
间接宾语前加介词for的动词有:
buy(买), choose(选择), get (弄到), make(做), order(订购), sing (唱歌), do (做), play(演奏)
B. 如果直接宾语为人称代词那么必须把直接宾放在间接宾语前,且间接宾语前要加上适当的介词。
e.g. I handed it to our teacher .
不能说:I handed our teacher it .
C. 此句型变为被动语态时,可分为两种情况。
e.g. Her mother bought her a skirt .
a. She was bought a skirt by her mother .
b. A skirt was bought for her by her mother.
句型五:主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
及物动词本身需要一个宾语外, 还需要一个名词,形容词,副词, 动词不定式,分词来补充说明宾语,才能表达一个完整的意念。
such as:
1. They │appointed │him │manager.
2. They │painted │the door │green.
3. This │set │them │thinking.
4. They │found │the house │deserted.
5. What │makes │him │think so?
6. We │saw │him │out.
7. He │asked │me │to come back soon.
8. I │saw │them │getting on the bus.
9.We elected Li Yang our monitor.
10.The news made us sad.
12.She saw the thief steal into the shop .
13.The teacher asked me to answer the question .
14.I found the man stealing the money .
15.I found my money stolen .
特别提醒:
A. 现在分词为宾语补足语时,宾语与现在分词之间是主动关系;过去分词为宾语补足语时,宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系。
B. 在let(让),make(使得),have(请,让,使得),see(看),hear(听到),watch(观看),feel(感觉到),listen to (倾听),look at (看到),notice(注意到)等动词后的宾语补足语如果为不定式, 则省掉”to”,但变为被动语态时, 则要带”to”.
e.g. We hear her sing next door.
She is heard to sing next door .
C. 此句型变为被动语态时,只有一种情况。
e.g. They saw him steal the old man’s money.
He was seen to steal the old man’s money .