高中英语短文改错解题技巧

短 文 改 错 技 巧

名词数

常考的几个不可数名词：advice, news, fun, information等

名词方面的错误多指名词单复数形式的误用，可数名词与不可数名词的错误，名词所有格中“’s”的误置等。例如:

1. Here are some tip to help you succeed in English learning.

2. In summer, the sea under the blue skies is even more beautiful.

3.

Read the following comments to get some useful advices on you English learning.

动词形

1.谓语动词:时态、语态、主谓一致

2.非谓语动词：主、表、宾；定，状，补语

动词错误在短文改错中所占比重最大，它所涉及的错误包括动词的时态、语态错误；易混动词的用法错误；动词的第三人称单数错误；动词的非谓语形式，以及动词的句型搭配错误等。在改错题中，动词方面的考查比例较大。例如:

1. 1. Our teachers often impresses the importance of studying on us.

2. They discuss different subjects in English, range from the Internet to pop music

3.

She devoted her life to help the homeless children.

4. When faced with difficult problems, we should have confidence in ourselves.

5. When I am in Junior One, nobody could imagine how hard I tried to improving my English pronunciation.

6.He thanked us for what we have done.

7. It is useless to cry over spilt milk.

8. Susan prefers watching TV at home to go to the movies.

１．形容词: 修饰名词；放在系动词之后做表语

２．副词：修饰动词，形容词，整个句子

３．比较级和最高级的使用

这类错误多指误用形容词修饰形容词，误用副词修饰名词，误用形容词修饰动词，误用形容词或副词的原级、比较级和最高级以及误用带-ly的副词与不带-ly的副词等，特别注意根据上下文该用比较级而未用的“暗中比较”。例如:

1. We meet regular to discuss the progress of the project.

2. Tom’s new house is slightly large than the old one.

3. Keeping learning diary can help you to learn independent.

4.As a result, my spoken English improved great.

短文改错中出现连词就要判断连词用的是否正确，是否符合句子意思；连接的是词还是句

子，是否符合逻辑关系。此外如果是平行结构就要注意前后时态、语态、词性一致问题平行结构常借助与并列连词and, or, but, not only…but also…, …not…but…, either…or…, neither …nor…, as well as等，though不与but连用，because不与so连用等。

1. Everything went according to the plan, but we arrived on time.

2. He gave me a lot of encouragement, that helped build up my confidence.

3. I doubt that he will pass the driving test.

代词格，细领悟

这类错误主要包括形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的误用，关系代词、连接代词的误用，代词主格与代词宾格的误用，代词单数与代词复数的误用，各个不定代词(both,all,either,neither,none以及something(someone/somebody),everything, anything, nothing等)之间的误用，反身代词与代词宾格之间的误用，代词的指代错误，定语从句中多用代词等。

1. Peter worked out the problem by him.

2. He was not aware of what had happened around he.

3. Mr. Lee is not a native speaker, but he spoken English is fluent.

4. His parents had a car accident. To his great relief, none of them was badly injured.

5. We can’t imagine she becoming a teacher.

这类错误多指漏掉介词、多用介词或介词与其他词语搭配的错误等。例如:

1. …,because what matter is confidence, which will lead your success.

2.

As soon as we arrived at there, we found the park was so beautiful.

这类错误多指a(n)与the的误用，a与an的误用。有时也表现为:单数可数名词前面该用冠词的地方缺少冠词，不该用冠词的地方多了冠词。例如:

1. Afraid of losing the face before my classmates, I dared not open my mouth.

2.

The boy liked worried and we decided to lend him hand.

这类错误主要指主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词形式的错误。因此做题时，要注意谓语动词的形式要和句子主语在人称和数上保持一致。例如:

1. “I just want to know what the sign say.”

2. Anyone can borrow books if he or she wish.

3. Here are the information about Manchester University.

4. What may surprise you are that I

’m going to ...

主要考查介词与动词、名词、形容词的固定搭配；副词、动词的固定搭配；及物动词后多介词或副词以及不及物动词后少介词，英语中的一些固定句型与习惯搭配等。

1. My teacher advised me to keep my diary. keep a diary是固定搭配，意思是“写日记”.

2. In my surprise, he did very well in his previous job. To one’s surprise 是固定搭配

3. I thought that was dull to watch a game… 此题考查it的功能，It + be + adj. + to do为固定结构。

要想做好“短文改错”题，不妨试试分成“四步走”，遵循“四原则”，实施“四查法”。具体做法如下:

字逐行地进行修改。

后再根据具体语境，仔细分析判断，将注意力集中在较难的句子上。

冠词介词须关注，习惯用法要记住，连词常常要光顾；句子结构多分析，逻辑错误请让步”的口诀行事。

全文，并利用语感来做最后的判断。

题要求每行只能改动一处，改动的方法可以是增词、删词或换词，但无论作何种改动，只能是增加一词、减少一词或把一个词改成另一个词。当然，没有错误的行无需改动。

实词的词义，也不能将其改换成另一个实词，更不能随便增删。例如:

① The air keeps the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon ... (把keeps改为keeping) ② Yes, it is clearly that your life in your country is quite different from ... (把clearly改为clear)

题中需要添加或删除的地方差不多有3至4处。这些需要添、删的词一般都是虚词(如冠词、介词等)，不是实词(如动词、名词等)，否则会改变句子的原意。例如:

① They did not want breakfast because that they were going out early ... (删去that)

② He was looking for a glass the cupboard. (the前面加in)

应该针对短文中的用词错误、语法错误、逻辑错误加以改正，不应更改作者的原意。做到换词不改意，加词不增意，去词不减意。如有多种改法，应以保持原意为条件，择其佳者而从之。例如：

But I have spent most my money, so I cannot… 改正：在my前加of。也有同学去掉most，这种改法虽改正了语法错误，但改变了原意。作者想说的是“花掉了大部分的钱，而不是全部”。

还要看该名词前面是否缺限定词、该用何种限定词，尤其要查名词前冠词的使用情况。当名词前面有形容词修饰时更要加倍注意。例如: Your knowledges of Greece can help the whole class. (把knowledges改为knowledge)

尤其要根据上下文所提供的时间信息，仔细推敲，从而选用正确的动词时态形式。例如: I gained so much confidence that I go back to school ... (把go改为went)

应在文中使用各种启承转合的连词。这些连词能使文章在结构上和意义上通顺流畅。例如:

It started to rise higher again. So it was still too close to the water. (把So改为But)

“理顺”指行文逻辑符合人们普遍认可的道理。例如: The air keeping the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon was coming up. (把第二个up改为down)

总之，强语言基础知识的学习，多做有针对性的训练。