比较级结构的用法归纳

比较级结构的用法归纳

1. as…as的用法特点

其间只能接形容词与副词的原级，不能用比较级和最高级。有时该结构可受 (not) nearly, almost, just, nothing like, exactly, not quite, half, one-ten, twice, three times, 30 per cent等的修饰，注意这些修饰语必须置于第一个as 之前，而不能置于其后。如：

The dining-room is twice as big as the kitchen. 餐厅是厨房的两倍大。

At best we can do only half as much as last year. 我们最多能完成去年工作量的一半。

注：该结构中的形容词有时还可修饰另一名词，但这个名词应带有不定冠词(注意词序) 。比较： She is as good a cook as her mother.= She is a cook as good as her mother. 她和她妈妈一样是位好厨师。

2. more and more的用法特点

其意为“越来越……”，其后可接修饰名词(不可数名词或复数名词均可) ，也可修饰形容词、副词、动词、介词短语等。如：

More and more people are concerning themselves with environmental problems. 越来越多的人关心环境问题。

The little girl is growing to be more and more like her mother. 这个小姑娘长得越来越像她妈妈了。

As time went on, he found it more and more difficult to support his family. 他日渐发觉要养活一家人是越来越难了。

3. more or less 的用法特点

基本意思是“或多或少”、“在一定程度上”、“大体上”、“大约”等。如：

The job is more or less finished. 工作大体上完成了。

His condition has more or less improved. 他的情况多少有些改进。

The repairs will cost $50,more or less. 修理费大约要50美元。

注：在否定句中可表示“一点也不”。如：

I didn't understand it, more or less. 我一点也不懂。

4. more than 与less than 的用法比较

(1) more than 的基本义是“多于”，但根据不同情况可以有较灵活的翻译，如表“(指数量) 多于”、“比……多”、“不只是”、“不仅仅是”、“非常”等。如：

He’s lived here for more than 30 years. 他在这已住了30多年了。

Two eyes can see more than one. 两只眼睛比一只眼睛看得真。

He is more than a father to her. 他待她胜过父亲。

They were more than glad to help. 他们非常乐于帮忙。

(2) less than 的基本意思是“少于”、“比……少”。如：

I won’t take less than $5000 for my car. 我的汽车低于5000美元不卖。

The actual cost of repairs was a lot less than we had expected. 实际的修理费用比我们预期的要低得多。

5. more …than 与 less…than 的用法比较

从本义上看，前者表示“比……多(更)”，后者表示“比……少”或“不如……”。

He has more money than me. 他的钱比我多。

He is said to pay less income tax than he should. 据说他所得税交得不够。

另外，两者均可用于引申义，表示“与其……不如……”，但两个比较的对象的位置不一样。如： He is less a teacher than an expert.= He is more an expert than a teacher. 与其说他是老师，不如说他是专家。

6. 关于“no+比较级+than”结构

这类结构通常不是表示一般意义的否定，而是表示对待比较的两个对象同时进行否定，通常可理解为“与……一样不”。如：

You are no more careful than he is. 你和他一样不仔细。

A half truth is often no better than a lie. 半真半假的话常常跟谎言一样糟。

比较并体会以下结构：

no better than = as bad as 与…一样不好(即一样坏)

no faster than = as slow as 与…一样不快(即一样慢)

no earlier than= as late as 与……一样不早(即一样迟)

注：同学们要善于根据以上用法推知其他一些类似结构的意思，如 no more than 的意思是“与……一样不多”，强调少，通常可译为“只有”；no less than 的意思是“与……一样不少”，强调多，通常可译为“多达”、“有……之多”。