考研英语阅读:正确答案的四种来源

考研英语阅读：正确答案的四种来源

众所周知，考研英语阅读是影响学生考研成绩的重要版块，历年来其考点素以―变态‖著称。然而笔者翻阅研究了众多真题后发现，所谓的―难题‖并不是单词难或者句子长，而是考点的叠加组合。其中，正确答案的来源成为考研英语阅读最重要的考点。必须加以研究。

正确答案具有以下四大来源：1、原文的同义词替换；2、所考段落的核心词汇；3、所考段落的主题句；4、相比其它选项最模糊、概括的项。举四道题说明如下： 第一道题：

Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year —— from organizations as diverse as Time Warner, the American defense contractor Science Applications International Corp and even the University of California, Berkeley ——have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate IT systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerabilities. (07-37)

According to Paragraph 2, some organizations check their systems to find out

[A] whether there is any weak point.

[B] what sort of data has been stolen.

[C] who is responsible for the leakage.

[D] how the potential spies can be located.

这一题可以看出，题干有两个词对应原文的同义词，分别是check - peer into；find out - in search of；system在原文没变。所以，答案一定对应后面的potential vulnerabilities. 只要认识单词vulnerability（弱点），不难选出A项，因为weak point是其同义词。因此考研英语阅读第一个答案来源，就是所考句子的同义词替换。

Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased ―opportunities‖ for stress. ―It’s not necessarily that women don’t cope as well. It’s just that they have so much more to cope with,‖ says Dr. Yehuda. ―Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men’s,‖ she observes, ―it’s just that they’re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner.‖ （08－22）

Dr. Yehuda’s research suggests that women

[A] need extra doses of chemicals to handle stress.

[B] have limited capacity for tolerating stress.

[C] are more capable of avoiding stress.

[D] are exposed to more stress.

这一题不像上一题题干信息那么明显，所以很多同学采用的方法是―天女散花‖，把所考段落全部看完。但是阅读要有重心，就是说茫茫文字中，你能够发现重点。原文的红体字标明，Dr.Yehuda强调的是女性面临的压力如此多（so much / many more），用了两个It's just that...，第二句的things指代stress。因此这道题选D，因为此项含有more stress.

第三道题：

And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise

conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just

enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep. （05-34）

Cartwright seems to suggest that ________.

[A] waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams

[B] visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control

[C] dreams should be left to their natural progression

[D] dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious

这道题，很多同学就是在原文找Cartwright后面的内容，结果寻寻觅觅，冷冷清清。似乎A、B选项都对。但是貌似对的往往就要小心。其实本题可以看一下所考段落的主题句（首句），按照西方行文习惯，主题在先，例子在后。由于Cartwright是后面的内容，他的建议肯定要证明前面的主题。所以本题选D。

More than anything, the historians say, the founders were hampered by the culture of their time. While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery, they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create.

For one thing, the South could not afford to part with its slaves. Owning slaves was ―like having a large bank account,‖ says Wiencek, author of An Imperfect God: George Washington, His Slaves, and the Creation of America. The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the ―peculiar institution,‖ including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.

Still, Jefferson freed Hemings’s children – though not Hemings herself or his approximately 150 other slaves. (08-38)

What do we learn about Thomas Jefferson?

[A] His political view changed his attitude towards slavery.

[B] His status as a father made him free the child slaves.

[C] His attitude towards slavery was complex.

[D] His affair with a slave stained his prestige.

这道题是历史性难题。首先是题干含有learn，表示答案可能不那么直接。其次题干只有一个模糊的定位词：Thomas Jefferson，而这个词莫说上面两段，全文都有。这种情况下，建议同学先扫读四个选项，发现A、B、D项讲的东西都很具体，只有C的complex表示模糊。根据我上课时的口诀：―三项细，一项粗，选不出来你是猪。‖从而确定了答案。

总之，正确答案的四大来源，第一种亦即同义词替换，是细节题中最常见的来源。核心词和主题句来源，容易出现在主旨题和涉及观点的细节题中（比如例子题）。而模糊概括作为最后一种来源，常出现在推断题（infer/imply/conclude/learn）中。